介入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗。方法21例TRAS患者从肾移植到出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均6．6个月(3～15个月)，记录经皮血管成形术(PTA)前后血压变化和肌酐水平。经对侧股动脉或左肱动脉入路，使用普通球囊导管(5F，直径4～6mm，长度20～30mm)和微球囊导管(2．6F，直径3mm，长度36mm)分别对21例TRAS行PTA术，其中5例放置支架。结果21例TRAS患者共行32次PTA(行1次PTA13例，2次5例，3次3例)，其中22次经对侧股动脉，10次经左肱动脉穿刺插管。PTA治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为79％～97％，PTA后狭窄率降为10％～30％。PTA前收缩压150～210mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)，平均170mmHg，舒张压90～145mmHg，平均120mmHg；PTA后收缩压降为100～190mmHg，平均135mmHg，舒张压降为80～125mmHg，平均85mmHg。首次PTA后再狭窄率38％，再次PTA后狭窄率14％。32次PTA共使用普通球囊导管25个，微球囊导管7个。5个支架4个为自膨式支架，1个为球囊扩张式。术后随访3～60个月(平均23个月)。21例中最终治愈6例，改善8例，好转5例，无效2例。除1例肱动脉入路发生术后穿刺点血肿外无其他并发症。结论TRAS的PTA治疗安全有效，配合肱动脉入路和微球囊导管有助于提高手术成功率；合理选用支架能降低再狭窄率。     

移植肾动脉狭窄介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)介入治疗的方法、疗效和安全性。方法经股动脉入路对12例TRAS患者行介入治疗,包括经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)和支架置入术。患者从肾移植术后至出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均5.5个月(4～15个月),以手术前后血压、血肌酐、动脉狭窄程度作为判断疗效的指标。结果本组4例行单纯球囊(长20～40mm,直径5～7mm)扩张,5例于PTA后置入支架,3例直接置入支架。PTA术后2例(17%)复发狭窄,行支架置入术;支架术后3例再发狭窄,再次行PTA后无复发。12例患者先后共置入9枚球囊扩张式支架,1枚为自膨式支架。介入治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为65%～95%,术后狭窄率降为10%～25%;平均血压由术前175/105mmHg,降至术后140/80mmHg;平均血肌酐水平由术前475.5μmol/L降至术后118.5μmol/L;术后随访3～48个月(平均9个月),12例中最终治愈4例,改善5例,好转2例,无效1例。手术成功率100%,术中未发生血栓、出血、移植肾栓塞等严重并发症。结论TRAS的介入治疗安全有效,选择恰当入路,合理选择和组合运用PTA与支架置入术,可有效提高TRAS的远期疗效和手术成功率。     

端-端吻合型移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的 探讨经皮血管成形术治疗端-端吻合型移植肾动脉狭窄的疗效.方法 以经皮血管腔内成形术（PTA）和/或支架置入术对16例端-端吻合型TRAS患者行介入治疗,TRAS患者从肾移植到出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均6.3个月（3～18个月）,记录经皮血管成形术（PTA）前后血压变化和肌酐水平并随访.结果 16例TRAS患者共行23次PTA（行1次PTA 10例,2次5例,3次1例）,PTA治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为70％～95％,PTA后狭窄率小于30％.PTA前收缩压（179.6±15.2）mmHg,舒张压（115.4±11.3）mmHg;PTA后收缩压降为（155.6±13.5）mmHg,舒张压降为（95.6±6.7）mmHg.平均血肌酐从术前（426.8±38.5）μmol/L降为术后（142.5±15.2μmol/L,首次PTA后再狭窄率37.5％.术后随访3～24个月（平均12个月）.16例中最终治愈4例,改善9例,好转2例,无效1例.结论 经皮球囊成形术治疗端-端吻合型移植肾动脉狭窄安全有效,支架植入应谨慎选择.     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的研究移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的临床特点及介入治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析TRAS患者的临床资料,排除临床资料不完整者,分析总结其临床特点、诊断方法及介入治疗的疗效。结果共搜集病例31例,行介入手术35次。6例行单纯球囊扩张(PTA),24例行支架置入,1例手术失败。术后肾动脉狭窄程度、肾功能及血压明显改善,围手术期未发生严重并发症;平均随访29.6个月,PTA术后2例(33.3%)复发狭窄,行支架置入术无复发;支架术后3例(12.5%)再发狭窄,2例成功行PTA术后无复发。结论肾移植术后密切超声随访有利于早期诊断TRAS,介入治疗TRAS安全、有效且应被视为一线治疗方法。     

移植肾动脉狭窄的经皮血管成形术

目的：探讨移植肾动脉狭窄（ＴＲＡＳ）的经皮血管成形术（ＰＴＡ）。材料和方法：经对侧股动脉或左肱动脉入路，使用５Ｆ普通球囊导管和２．６Ｆ微球囊导管，分别对８例ＴＲＡＳ行ＰＴＡ术。结果：经股动脉行ＰＴＡ成功４例，另４例改由肱动脉入路获成功。其中，４例行普通球囊导管扩张，另４例采用微球囊导管扩张或预扩后行普通球囊导管扩张。肾动脉狭窄率由治疗前的８４％—９７％降至１２％—３０％。无并发症。术后疗效：显效率６２．５％（５／８），有效率８７．５％（７／８）。结论：ＰＴＡ可安全有效地治疗ＴＲＡＳ。经肱动脉入路和微球囊导管的使用有助于提高手术成功率。     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗方法. 资料与方法采用经皮血管内成形术(PTA)和/或内支架治疗20例TRAS患者,对其技术成功率、再狭窄率以及狭窄类型对介入治疗的影响进行分析. 结果 (1)PTA和内支架治疗TRAS的技术成功率分别为71.4%、100%,再狭窄率分别为20%、22.2%.(2)Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型狭窄介入治疗的技术成功率分别为92.9%、85.7%,0,再狭窄率分别为23.1%、16.7%. 结论 (1)Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型狭窄为介入治疗的良好适应证.(2)PTA依然为TRAS的首选方法,内支架为其辅助手段.     

可扩张的金属支架在治疗移植的肾动脉狭窄中的应用

移植肾的肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)不仅是引起顽固性高血压的主要原因,也是引起同种移植肾的功能紊乱和衰竭的原因。多组研究证明经皮穿刺球囊扩张术(PTA)是治疗TRAS的首选方法,但10％～25％常在6个月内发生再狭窄。而可扩张的金属支架是对PTA方法的补充和完善。 作者报道4例放置血管支架治疗TRAS的初步经验。男3例,女1例,年龄19岁～47岁。4例均接受尸肾移植,采用髂外动脉端侧吻合方式。其TRAS的早期表现为移植肾功能损害和/或高血压。利用常规     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的：评价经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)对移植肾动脉狭窄(RTAS)的治疗作用。方法：对9例移植肾动脉狭窄的患者行PTA，患者的血管狭窄位于外科手术血管吻合处或吻合远端的移植肾动脉上。8例采用经股动脉入路，1例采用经肱动脉入路。疗效以临床随访、肾功能检验、超声检测为评价。结果：9例移植肾动脉狭窄的患者成功地实施了PTA，2例患者置入支架，所有病例均痊愈。结论：PTA是治疗移植肾动脉狭窄有效的首选方法。     

52例锁骨下动脉经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)长期疗效观察

作者观察了52例锁骨下动脉狭窄(43例)和闭塞(9例)患者PTA后的长期疗效。年龄38～66岁,都有上肢缺血的症状,39例有椎基底动脉供血不足的表现,患肢收缩压均较健侧低,38例低30～50mmHg(4～6.7kPa,1kPa=7.5mmHg),14例低50mmHg(6.7kPa)以上。25例锁骨下动脉狭窄部位在推动脉开口近侧,并有椎动脉血液逆流;19例在椎动脉开口远侧;9例在椎动脉起始部。49例经股动脉,3例经腋动脉插管。先将导管插入近狭窄部位,再用“J”形导丝通过狭窄区,用球囊导管替换血管造影导管,球囊长度2～4cm,直径8mm、9mm或10mm,扩张压力为5个大气压(506.5kPa,1kPa=101.3atm)。所有病例球囊     

经皮血管腔内成形术及支架治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的 评价经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)及支架置入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的效果.方法 对经造影确诊的13例移植肾动脉狭窄患者行FTA和/或支架置入治疗.分析手术的成功率,治疗前后的动脉血压、肌酐水平等参数.采用t检验用于比较治疗前后的参数.结果13例中4例行单纯球囊扩张术,8例扩张效果不佳者同期行支架置人术,1例治疗未成功,PTA/支架置入术的成功率为92.3％.随访6～24个月(中位时间为12个月),9例复查示血管内血流通畅.2例单纯球囊扩张分别于术后1和3个月(平均时间2个月)后再狭窄,再次行支架置入术后保持通畅.1例支架闭塞于术后1个月.术前平均肌酐水平为(2.9±1.5) mg/dL,术后1个月下降至(2.0±1.4) mg/dL(P =0.0098 ＜0.01).收缩压从术前的(157.2 ±18.7) mmHg下降至术后1个月的(136.6±14.2) mm-Hg(P =0.0029 ＜0.01),舒张压由(89.4±9.3) mmHg下降至(73±9.5) mmHg(P=0.0065 ＜0.01).结论 PTA及支架置入术是治疗移植肾动脉狭窄安全和有效的方法.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）