酒精所致精神障碍相关因素分析

目的探讨酒精所致精神障碍的相关因素。方法回顾性分析86例酒精所致精神障碍患者临床资料,总结与其发病相关的因素。结果86例酒精所致精神障碍致病相关因素中精神高度紧张24例（27．9％）,持续大量饮酒39例（45．1％）,遗传3例（3．4％）,其他类精神障碍10例（11．8％）,其他因素10例（11．8％）。结论长期精神压力、饮酒持续时间、饮酒量可直接影响酒精性精神障碍的发病率。控制饮酒量、减缓压力,可减少酒精所致精神障碍的发生。     

酒精所致精神障碍患者的护理

酒精是亲神经物质,被吸收后广泛分布到身体的各器官系统。中枢神经系统是最敏感的器官,心血管系统、消化系统等也会受到影响。当少量饮酒时,可使人欣快、健谈、控制力下降及轻度的行为障碍;长期过量饮酒可导致精神和躯体方面的受损,同时影响社会功能。本文就长期饮酒所致精神障碍患者的护理和健康宣教知识报道如下。     

酒精所致精神障碍患者的护理

酒精是亲神经物质,被吸收后广泛分布到身体的各器官系统.中枢神经系统是最敏感的器官,心血管系统、消化系统等也会受到影响.当少量饮酒时,可使人欣快、健谈、控制力下降及轻度的行为障碍;长期过量饮酒可导致精神和躯体方面的受损,同时影响社会功能.本文就长期饮酒所致精神障碍患者的护理和健康宣教知识报道如下.     

酒精所致精神障碍临床特征及相关因素分析

目的探讨酒精所致精神障碍的临床特征。方法对136例病人住院资料进行分析。结果酒精所致精神障碍以幻觉症状为首位,多数在饮酒10年以上才发病。其并发的躯体疾病与酒龄密切相关,精神症状与酒量无直接关系。结论酒精所致精神障碍存在个体素质的差异,既是一个医学问题,又是一个社会问题,除对疾病进行治疗外,戒酒才是减少本病的发生及治疗本病的根本措施。     

酒精所致精神障碍的临床分析及护理

目的探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床护理措施及对疗效的影响。方法选择我院2010年8月至2013年10月收治的68例酒精所致精神障碍患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组34例,观察组34例,对照组行常规护理,观察组行综合护理,对两组患者的护理结果进行分析。结果观察组护理满意率为91.18%,对照组为70.59%,差异显著(P<0.05),护理后,观察组SDS与SAS评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对酒精所致精神障碍患者实施综合护理,能改善患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高患者满意率,值得临床推广。     

酒精所致精神障碍53例临床资料分析

目的：了解酒精所致精神障碍的临床情况及酒精对心身的不良影响。方法分析53例酒精所致精神障碍病人的临床资料。结果符合CCMD－3（中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准）的53例酒精所致精神障碍病人主要表现有：幻觉（32．16％）、妄想（33．35％）、人格改变（43．65％）、情绪障碍（46．52％）等精神症状。并且伴有不同严重程度的躯体疾病。结论过度饮酒可导致精神障碍、躯体损害及社会功能损害。     

75例酒精所致精神障碍患者临床治疗分析

目的:探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者临床精神药物使用情况.方法:对2008年1月-2010年3月在我院住院治疗的75例酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:75例患者均使用了苯二氮卓类药物及抗精神病药物.其中50(66.67%)例使用非典型抗精神病药物,疗效痊愈达到68(90.67%)例,6例使用苯二氮卓类药物...     

酒精所致精神障碍的临床分析

目的探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床特点。方法回顾分析精神专科医院2011年10月至2012年9月收治的196例酒精所致精神障碍患者,临床资料。结果长期饮酒对神经系统损害较大,精神障碍患者可出现不同程度的幻觉、幻视、妄想、抑郁、情绪高涨、兴奋躁动等不稳定症状,有些患者出现人格障碍及记忆障碍。患病率中文化水平低、体力劳动重的男性居多。对照组总有效率高于常规组（x2=4．6296,P〈0．05）。结论酒精可致精神和躯体损害,早期治疗能改善症状,少量抗精神药物及戒酒等综合性治疗可有效改善患者病情,值得在临床推广应用。     

酒精所致精神障碍临床分析

目的：探讨酒精所致精神障碍的临床特点和治疗效果。方法：对本院2008～2009年住院的符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准（CCMD-3）的45例患者的资料进行分析。结果：患者中文化水平低,大多数为高中以下学历,离婚率高,饮酒均在10年以上,均饮52°以上白酒,有明显的精神症状和躯体症状。结论：酒精可致精神症状,用少量抗精神药物可恢复,效果明显。     

97例酒精致精神障碍患者的心身及社会损害分析

目的：调查了解酒精所致精神障碍患者的心身及社会损害，为宣传戒酒控酒，积极有效的预防和控制酒精滥用提供依据。方法：应用自制问卷对97例酒精所致精神障碍住院患者的心身及社会损害情况进行调查分析。结果：97例患者中半数以上入院时合并水电解质平衡失调、肝、胆、心、脑等器官的疾病及幻觉妄想、情绪行为异常等精神症状，85．6％的病人伴有不同程度的人格改变。88．66％的患者已不能胜任原工作。分居离异者占64．95％，65人次涉及与饮酒有关的违纪、违法行为而受到处分。结论：长期大量饮酒不仅影响患者的躯体及心理健康，还会影响其社会行为，导致社会损害。为了预防和控制酒精滥用给患者本人、家庭及社会带来的危害，应进一步加强有关酒害的精神卫生宣传教育。     

海洛因依赖者社会支持、应对方式与心理健康的相关分析

目的:探讨海洛因依赖者社会支持、应对方式的特点及其与心理健康的关系。方法:采用症状自评量表、社会支持量表和简易应对方式问卷对戒毒所收治的100例海洛因依赖者进行问卷调查和访谈,并与正常组对照。结果:不同性别的海洛因依赖者的社会支持及应对方式各因子分均无显著差异;海洛因依赖者的亲人支持分、朋友支持分、积极应对分都显著低于对照组(军校大学生),消极应对分显著高于对照组;海洛因依赖者社会支持量表评分与SCL-90各项评分均无显著相关,海洛因依赖者消极应对分与SCL-90多数因子分呈显著正相关。结论:海洛因依赖者社会支持差,具有较强的消极应对倾向,这种消极应对倾向与其心理健康状况密切相关。     

酒依赖者社会支持和应对方式的对比研究

目的:分析不同来源和性质的社会支持和不同的应对方式对酒依赖者的影响,为酒依赖者复发预防提供帮助。方法:应用社会支持评定量表和应对方式评定量表,对120例酒依赖者和112名健康对照者进行对比研究。结果:病例组的主观支持和对社会支持利用度的强度均分明显低于对照组;病例组积极应对的强度也明显低于对照组。对各因子研究显示,病例组中来自配偶的主观支持和客观支持强度均分明显低于对照组。结论:加强培养患者对社会支持的主观感受性,提高对社会支持的利用度,对防止酒依赖复发是十分必要的。     

Physical and Mental Health Problems Associated with the Use of Alcohol and Drugs

The nature and extent of treated health problems in patients with problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs (including both licit and illicit drugs) were compared with the morbidity levels of all patients treated for all conditions in Canada. The morbidity experience of all patients with alcohol or drug (A/D) diagnoses treated as inpatients (n = 52,200 cases) in all Ontario hospitals in 1985–1986 (based on Hospital Medical Records Institute [HMRI] data) was compared with that of the total population of all inpatients treated in all Canadian hospitals using age-sex standardized morbidity ratios (SMR) and adjusting for multiple diagnoses. Of A/D cases, 32% were admitted with a primary A/D diagnosis and 68% with a secondary A/D diagnosis; 17% of A/D cases had multiple A/D diagnosis. On average, cases with a primary A/D diagnosis had 29% more diagnoses per case than all cases treated in Ontario. SMRs were highest for cases with diagnoses relating to the use or misuse of licit drugs (SMR = 13.32 and 3.51 for those with primary and secondary drug diagnoses, respectively), intermediate for illicit drug cases (SMR = 8.87 vs. 4.74 for primary and secondary diagnoses, respectively), and lowest for patients with alcohol diagnoses (SMR = 6.68 and 4.12 for primary and secondary diagnoses, respectively). Excess morbidity for alcohol cases affected more diagnostic categories and body systems, being at a higher level than for drug cases. Alcohol or drug cases had particularly high SMRs for mental disorders, infectious and parasitic conditions, and injury and poisoning diagnoses. Alcohol or drug cases had reduced reproductive morbidity: for complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, SMR = 0.04 to 0.24 for cases with primary A/D diagnoses and SMR = 0.12 to 0.89 for those with secondary A/D diagnoses. Cases with drug diagnoses had a considerable reduction in SMR for certain conditions originating in the perinatal period: SMR = 0.0 for cases with primary drug diagnoses and SMR = 0.0 for secondary illicit drug diagnoses cases and SMR = 0.18 for secondary licit drug diagnoses cases.     

25年间酒精中毒所致精神障碍住院病人的流行病学分析

目的:探讨酒精中毒所致精神障碍病人的流行病学特征,为该病的预防和治疗提供科学依据.方法:对1978-2002年间收治的酒精中毒所致精神障碍的病例进行回顾性调查分析.结果:发现25年间共收治486例酒精中毒所致精神障碍,其住院构成比由0.2%上升至2.2%,将近增长10倍,并且有直线上升趋势;男性多于女性,男女之比为80:1;平均年龄为43.98±10.11岁,中青年比重越来越大,并趋于低年龄;职业以工人农民为主,但所占比重逐年下降,而干部、科技人员、个体户、无业人员比重反而有增大趋势;高中以下文化程度占所有患者的89.11%,但近几年来高文化水平者越来越常见;此外发现初次饮酒年龄10～53岁,平均25.81±8.13岁,从初次饮酒到出现精神症状为1～50年,平均18.70±8.94年.结论:酒精中毒是一个日趋严重的医学社会问题,加强对危险饮酒和有害饮酒者进行早期干预,制定有关的酒依赖防治措施及相关法规已势在必行.     

Exploration of the Comorbidity of Alcohol Use Disorders and Mental Health Disorders Among Inpatients Presenting to All Hospitals in New South Wales,Australia

ABSTRACT

Alcohol is one of the most commonly used legal psychoactive substances, and its use often coexists with mental health disorders. This study explores the relationships between alcohol use and some common mental health disorders. Admissions to all New South Wales (NSW) hospitals were analyzed. The data were extracted from the NSW Department of Health Inpatient Statistics Data Collection for the period 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2007. Readmissions within 28 days were excluded. Data extraction and analyses were performed by using the SAS program. Chi-square tests and odds ratio were used to measure the association. Of the 1.8 million admissions, associations between alcohol use disorders and mental health disorders were strong (odds ratio 7.8 to 10.7, P < .001). A 33.8% of patients who used alcohol had at least 1 identifiable mental disorder. Higher comorbidity rates were observed for females (39.6%) and for those aged between 30 and 49 years. The most common mental disorders were anxiety disorders, bipolar affective disorders, major depressive disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and severe stress disorders. Comorbidity with one of these mental disorders ranged from 1% to 17.6%, with significant associations (odds ratio 5.6 to 14.1). The average length of stay (ALOS) for alcohol use disorders were 6.4 days and the ALOS for the most common mental health admissions was 11.2 days. This study provides detailed information about the association between alcohol use and mental health disorders and extends our understanding of comorbidity presentations in inpatient admissions.     

饮酒致精神障碍住院患者68例分析

目的:探讨饮酒所致精神障碍患者的临床特征.方法:对68例住院的饮酒所致精神障碍患者的临床资料进行分析.结果:城乡饮酒所致精神障碍患者在受教育程度方面有显著性差异(P＜0.05);城镇患者饮酒原因主要为工作需要,而农村患者主要因劳累而饮酒;城镇患者精神症状中抑郁情绪发生率明显高于农村组(P＜0.01).结论:了解城乡因饮酒所致精神障碍患者在临床特征方面各自不同的特点,对预防城镇和农村酒精所致精神障碍的发生有一定意义.     

Alcohol Habits and Health Care Use in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

Objective: It is common for persons with psychiatric disorders to also have alcohol problems. Studies in the general population as well as in clinical samples have found hazardous or harmful alcohol habits to be particularly prevalent in the presence of psychiatric disorders. This study sought to explore the relationships between drinking habits and health care utilization (psychiatric as well as general medical) in persons seeking psychiatric treatment and to investigate the associations among age, sex, and type or number of diagnoses and health care use and costs. For the planning of targeted interventions, we also sought to identify subgroups with a high prevalence of hazardous drinking habits. Methods: From a psychiatric clinic for affective disorders at a university hospital in Sweden, patients who had been screened for hazardous drinking (N = 609) were selected. Patients with primary psychosis or substance use disorder receive treatment at other clinics and did not participate. Medical records data were grouped and compared. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) was used for diagnoses and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for screening. Patients were grouped by drinking habits and sex, age, and diagnosis group, and their psychiatric as well as general medical health care use was compared. Results: Abstainers used psychiatric care more than all other drinking groups (p < .001). Psychiatric health care costs were higher in abstainers and low-risk drinkers (1.64 to 1). No differences in general medical care could be identified between drinking groups. Specific subgroups with higher rates of hazardous drinking could not be identified (44% of all males and 34% of all females reported such habits). Inconclusive results from previous research are most likely due to different methods used to classify drinking problems. Conclusions: Abstainers and low-risk drinkers used psychiatric health care to a higher cost than the other drinking groups. Possible explanations are discussed from a clinical and scientific perspective. This study clarifies the need for uniform measures when classifying alcohol use in studies of relationships between alcohol use and health care use. There is also a need to separate former drinkers from abstainers in future studies.     

Use of Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders in Patients with Concomitant Major Mental Illness

Abstract

We report the use of naltrexone for treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with major psychiatric illness. We reviewed the records of 72 mentally ill outpatients treated with naltrexone for alcohol use disorders at a community mental health center. The psychiatric diagnoses included major depression (n = 37), schizophrenia (n = 17), bipolar illness (n = 11), schizoaffective disorder (n = 7), and gender identity disorder (n = 4). Sixty-one patients (85%) had histories of psychiatric hospitalization. Total retention in naltrexone treatment for at least eight weeks was 81.9%: 5 (6.9%) were lost to follow-up, and 8 (11.1%) discontinued the medication because of side effects, primarily nausea. Patients showed good clinical response to naltrexone, with 82% reducing their drinking by at least 75%, and only 17% relapsing at eight weeks. We conclude that naltrexone is useful in the treatment of dually-disordered patients. The hypothesis that clinical response to naltrexone is facilitated by active alcohol drinking during treatment is discussed.     

参加军事任务军人社会认知偏离与社会支持的关系研究

目的：探讨参加军事任务军人社会认知偏离与社会支持的关系。方法对2006-2010年参加军事任务的394名军人进行社会认知偏离量表（ SCBS）和社会支持量表的测定,并进行相关性分析和回归分析。结果 SCBS各因子分与社会支持总分、主观支持和支持利用度因子分间存在负相关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。回归分析结果显示,在以 SCBS各因子为因变量的回归方程中,主观支持和支持利用度因子进入方程,且主观支持较支持利用度对因变量贡献更大。结论社会支持与社会认知偏离存在显著负相关,主观支持和支持利用度可以有效地预测社会认知偏离,其中主观支持对于社会认知偏离的预测意义更大。