冠状动脉分叉病变单支架置入术53例疗效观察

冠状动脉分叉病变发生率为20%～30%,经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗此类病变极具挑战性.本文总结了我院53例冠状动脉分叉病变单支架置入术的疗效及安全性.现报告如下.     

国产及进口药物涂层支架在冠状动脉分叉病变治疗中的短期疗效比较

目的 评价国产及进口雷帕霉素药物涂层支架在冠状动脉分叉病变中的短期临床疗效.方法 60例冠状动脉分叉病变患者随机分为两组,每组30例,分别置人国产及进口雷帕霉素药物涂层支架(PARTNER和CYPHER).依据分叉病变主支与分支的夹角关系采取不同的双DES置入术,比较两种支架的即刻手术成功率、住院期及6个月随访期内的主要不良事件发生率及6个月后的支架内和病变节段内再狭窄率.结果 两组患者各成功置入60个支架,冠脉造影显示即刻手术成功率均为100%.PARTERN支架组与CYPHER支架组患者住院期不良事件发生率分别为0%(0/30)和3.3%(1/30),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访期不良事件发生率分别为21.4%(6/28)和17.2%(5/29),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);支架内再狭窄率分别为10.7%(3/28)和6.9%(2/29).两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 国产及进口雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗冠脉分叉病同样安全有效.     

按必要性支架植入术原则应用药物洗脱支架和药物涂层球囊治疗冠状动脉分叉病变的有效性和安全性

目的探究在治疗冠状动脉分叉病变时按必要性支架植入术原则,在主支植入药物洗脱支架(DES),分支应用药物涂层球囊(DCB)的有效性和安全性。方法该实验为前瞻性、单中心试验,57例有分叉病变患者。评估术后即刻效果,同时于术后9个月行冠脉造影检查,记录随访过程中不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生情况。结果所有病人均成功在主支植入DES,在分支应用DCB。术后9个月,晚期管腔丢失(LLL)主支为(0.27±0.38)mm,分支为(0.10±0.44)mm,MACE发生率为7.02%。其中1例死亡,2例发生心肌梗死,1例行靶病变血运重建(TLR)。结论按必要性支架植入术原则在主支植入DES,在分支应用紫杉醇涂层的药物球囊可考虑为治疗分叉病变安全、有效的新方法。     

应用双药物洗脱支架治疗分叉病变的近远期临床疗效

目的探讨应用双药物洗脱支架（DES）治疗分叉病变的临床疗效。方法选择分支开口有严重狭窄且分支口径≥2．50mm的分叉病变患者为本研究的入选对象。2003年10月至2005年6月共入选应用双DES治疗分叉病变的患者112例,113处病变。分叉病变的类型为前降支／对角支62例（54．9％）,左冠状动脉主干分叉病变32例（28．3％）,回旋支／钝缘支18例（15．9％）,右冠状动脉远端分叉病变1例。113处分叉病变中采用Crush技术64处,“T”型支架置入27处;改良“Y”型支架置入11处;对吻支架置入5处;“V”型支架置入和Culotte技术置入各3处。结果入选112例患者113处分叉病变中（226处病变）使用Cypher或Cypher select DES 91个,TAXUS DES 74个,Firebird DES 67个。64处分叉病变采用Crush技术置入双支架后60处（93．7％）完成了最后的对吻球囊扩张技术。手术成功率为100％。住院期间1例发生亚急性血栓致急性心肌梗死（AMI）,再次介入治疗成功。住院期间心脏事件发生率（MACE,包括死亡、AMI、再次血管重建）为0．89％（1／112）。112例均完成了9个月的临床随访,无死亡发生,1例发生AMI由晚期血栓形成所致。48例完成了9个月的冠状动脉造影随访（42．9％）,8例发生了支架内再狭窄,其中1例进行了冠状动脉旁路移植术,5例再次行介入治疗,总再狭窄发生率为16．7％（8／48）。随访期间MACE发生率为8．04％（9／112）。结论本研究结果显示对于分支口径≥2．5mm且口部有严重狭窄性病变的分叉病变,采用双DES治疗是安全的,近、远期临床疗效是满意的。与Cypher DES相比较,TAXUS DES的再狭窄发生率有增加的趋势。     

国产雷帕霉素洗脱支架应用于冠状动脉分叉病变的效果评价

目的 评价冠状动脉分叉病变与非分叉病变支架植入术后预后是否存在差别.方法 回顾性分析1877例冠心病患者,其中568例冠状动脉分叉病变患者,1309例冠状动脉非分又病变患者.植入Excel支架.术后6、12及18个月临床随访两组主要不良心脏事件发生率的情况.结果 术后6、12及18个月两组死亡(心性和非心性)、非致死性心肌梗死及主要不良心脏事件的发生率均无差剐(P＞0.05),6及12个月两组靶病变血运重建的发生率无差别(P＞0.05),18个月两组靶病变血运重建的发生率存在差别(P＜0.05).结论 Excel支架治疗冠状动脉分叉病变具有安全性和可靠性.     

优化的Culotte术式在冠状动脉真性分叉病变中的应用

目的:探讨在Culotte技术中优化再导丝化操作(Re-wire),对真性冠状动脉分叉病变中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:研究入选冠状动脉造影证实的Medina分型,1,1,1型分叉病变患者146例,其中78例接受传统Culotte术式治疗(传统组),68例接受优化Culotte术式(优化组)。随访12个月,并于术后9~12个月复查冠状动脉造影,观察入选患者的临床基本特征、手术操作特征、冠状动脉脉造影随访及12个月的临床随访结果。结果:两组手术成功率和最终对吻球囊扩张率均为100%,在病变处理时间和造影剂用量上两组结果相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。共有109例患者完成冠状动脉造影随访。与传统组相比,优化组分支支架内晚期管腔丢失(LLL)明显降低[(0.32±0.30)vs.(0.20±0.23)mm,P=0.01],分支开口LLL也明显降低[(0.34±0.38)vs.(0.22±0.31)mm,P=0.02],分支支架内再狭窄率有降低的趋势(10.9%vs.1.8%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.11)。两组患者随访期间的主要不良心脏事件和支架内血栓的发生率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:优化Re-wire操作明显降低了Culotte技术在分叉病变分支支架内和分支开口的晚期管腔丢失,取得了良好的长期临床疗效,手术成率高,同时并未明显延长病变处理时间。     

冠状动脉分叉病变特点、分型和治疗策略

分叉病变始终是冠状动脉介入治疗的一个难点,尽管药物洗脱支架减少了介入术后主支的再狭窄,但分支血管的术中急性闭塞风险和术后再狭窄和支架内血栓问题仍值得关注。现回顾冠状动脉分叉病变的定义、分类和各种治疗方法,以期对冠状动脉介入治疗有一个较全面的认识。     

冠状动脉分叉病变的介入治疗

临床上冠状动脉分叉病变占冠状动脉介入治疗的15％～20％,一直是该治疗领域的难点。进入药物支架时代,新器械的发明和新技术的应用显著降低了急性并发症及中、远期的靶血管重建率、再狭窄率。该文简要介绍分叉病变的介入治疗现状。     

T支架技术治疗分叉病变的临床效果研究

目的:评价T支架技术治疗分叉病变的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析从2004年4月到2006年1月我院对分叉病变连续行T支架技术47例患者临床情况。结果:患者基线特点:年龄(59.2±10.8)岁;性别:男性89.4%;既往心肌梗死27.7%;既往经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)19.1%;糖尿病23.4%;左心室射血分数0.48±0.34。病变基线特点:病变位置:左主干分叉42.6%、前降支和对角支53.2%、回旋支和钝缘支4.3%;主支参照血管直径(3.43±0.51)mm;边支参照血管直径(2.85±0.19)mm;主支病变长度(17.6±10.6)mm;边支病变长度(13.2±7.6)mm。经股动脉入径59.6%;置入药物洗脱支架56.4%;主支支架释放压力(14.5±2.8)atm(1 atm=101.325 kPa);边支支架释放压力(12.3±2.5)atm;对吻球囊技术(kissing balloon) 89.4%。支架置入成功率100%。主要心脏不良事件(MACE)6例(13%);死亡1例(2.1%),因支架内亚急性血栓形成;急性心肌梗死2例(4.3%),造影证实为支架内亚急性血栓形成,行急诊PCI治疗;靶病变再次血管成形术5例(10.6%),其中2例因支架亚急性血栓、2例因再狭窄行再介入治疗,1例因再狭窄行冠状动脉旁路移植术。6个月临床随访91.5%,造影随访29.8%,再狭窄率21.4%。结论:T支架技术治疗分叉病变操作成功率很高,但具有一定风险。     

冠状动脉分叉病变的介入治疗

临床上冠状动脉分叉病变占冠状动脉介入治疗的15%～20%,一直是该治疗领域的难点.进入药物支架时代,新器械的发明和新技术的应用显著降低了急性并发症及中、远期的靶血管重建率、再狭窄率.该文简要介绍分叉病变的介入治疗现状.     

Effect of jailed balloon technique on side branch protection in percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation lesions

Background Data comparing the jailed balloon technique （JBT） and conventional jailed wire technique （JWT） during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for bifurcation lesions is scanty. Methods From January 2013 to June 2013, 192 consecutive patients undergoing elective PCI for de novo Medina 1,1,1 bifur- cation lesions were enrolled in this study. JBT and JWT were applied to protect the side branch （SB） at the discretion of the operator. Procedural outcomes were compared between the JBT and the JWT group. Results Seventy-four patients were treated with JBT and 118 with JWT. Proportion of patients achieving TIMI 3 flow in main branch （MB） was similar in both groups while in SB it was much lower in JWT group compared with JBT group （74.6% vs. 93.2%, P = 0.001）. In addition, patients in JWT group showed higher incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction （MI） compared with patients in JBT group （11.9% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.008）. Similar tendency was observed in SB occlusion （18.6% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.009）. No device-related complications were observed in both groups. Conclusion JBT is an effective and safe measure to protect the SB during PCI for bifurcation lesions.     

应用切割球囊结合支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉处病变89例

目的 :评价经皮冠状动脉腔内切割球囊成形术 （PTCBA）结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变的安全性及疗效。方法 :对 89例冠心病患者主支病变应用 PTCBA预扩张后置入支架、分支病变单行 PTCBA而不置入支架 ,观察其冠脉病变特点、手术过程相关因素、手术成功率、并发症和近、中期随访结果。结果 :89例患者中分叉处病变位于前降支 /对角支占 71% ,回旋支 /钝圆支占 2 5 % ,右冠脉 /后降支或后侧支占 4%。对分支血管行 PTCBA后 1例因残余狭窄 >5 0 %而植入支架 ,1例因并发轻度钙化且分支成角较大切割球囊未通过 ,改用常规 PTCA球囊扩张成功。病变 PTCBA成功率达 97.8% ;无院内死亡、急性心肌梗死 （AMI）、急性心包填塞及急诊冠脉搭桥术等严重并发症。对手术成功的 87例术后临床随访 3～ 2 6个月 ,无死亡及 AMI等心脏事件发生。临床心绞痛复发率 17.2 %。复查冠脉造影 （CAG）率 5 6.3 % ,示 49处分叉病变主支支架内再狭窄率 14.3 % ,分支血管再狭窄率 18.4%。结论 :PTCBA结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变是一种安全、有效的介入治疗技术 ,其成功率高、并发症少 ,近、中期疗效满意     

Stenting of coronary bifurcation lesions by using modified crush technique with double kissing balloon inflation (sleeve technique): immediate procedure result and short-term clinical outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Sleeve technique is a modified version of crush technique. It is specifically designed to increase the success rate of final kissing balloon inflation, which used to be a major limitation of the latter. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility, safety, and early clinical outcomes of sleeve technique in stenting different types (de novo, in-stent restenotic or in-stent bifurcation) of coronary bifurcation lesions at different locations. METHODS: From August 2005 to May 2006, 41 consecutive patients with symptomatic, nonleft-main coronary bifurcation stenoses of diameter narrowing >or=50% were treated with two-stent strategy, using sleeve technique. RESULTS: The mean age was 63.6 +/- 11.6 years with male predominance (70.7%). High prevalence of diabetes mellitus (31.7%), total occlusion (22.0%), and multi-vessel disease (65.9%) was observed in this cohort. Intravenous abciximab was given in 35 (85.4%) patients. Final kissing balloon inflation was successfully performed in all patients. The minimal luminal diameter in main vessel and side branch was increased from 0.97 +/- 0.53 mm and 0.81 +/- 0.45 mm to 2.76 +/- 0.34 mm and 2.22 +/- 0.35 mm, respectively. The mean procedure time was only 66.6 +/- 24.6 min. There was one (2.4%) case of subacute stent thrombosis presented as non-Q-wave myocardial infarction at day 3 postprocedure. The resultant in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac event rate were both 2.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Sleeve technique is a feasible and efficient approach in stenting of coronary bifurcation stenoses.     

Comparative study of simple versus complex stenting of coronary artery bifurcation lesions in daily practice in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND: Recently, several randomized and controlled trials have demonstrated great advantages of a drug-eluting stent (DES) with respect to significant reduction in restenosis and recurrence of symptoms, and improvement in clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Little is known about the comparative effects of the 1-DES plus the kissing balloon technique with the 2-DES for bifurcation angioplasty in a Chinese population. METHODS: From April 2004 to June 2006, 566 consecutive Chinese patients underwent DES implantation for true bifurcation lesions, including 346 1-DES with the kissing balloon technique (300 male, 57.7 +/- 11.5 y old) and 220 2-DES (183 male, 58.1 +/- 10.7 y old) were analyzed. Clinical and angiographic follow-up was performed after 7 mo. RESULTS: The major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates were higher in the 2-DES group than in the 1-DES group (5.5% versus 2.0%; p = 0.032), which was mainly contributed to by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (4.5% versus 1.4%; p = 0.032), rather than death and target lesion revascularization (TLR) (0% versus 0.5%; p = 0.389, 1.4% versus 2.7%; p = 0.352). Stent thrombosis rates were higher in the 2-DES group than in the 1-DES group (0.6% versus 2.7%; p = 0.042), except for 1 late-stent thrombosis in the 2-DES group, and all of them were subacute stent thrombosis (2 in the 1-DES group and 5 in the 2-DES group). The 7 mo angiographic follow-up rate was 36.4%. In the main branch there was no difference in restenosis rate in the 1-DES group compared with the 2-DES group (9.8% versus 11.9%; p = 0.652), but in the side branch the restenosis rate was higher in the 1-DES group (33.6% versus 15.5%; p = 0.004). However, there was no difference in in-segment late loss between the 2 groups, either in the main or side branch. CONCLUSION: Compared with the 2-DES strategy, if a final kissing balloon could be achieved, the 1-DES strategy may be more efficient and safe.     

Theoretical prediction of side branch compromise after main branch stenting in coronary bifurcation

One of the main problems of treatment of bifurcation lesions is side branch (SB) stenosis appearing after stent placement in the main vessel.The aim of this study was to create quantitative method for prediction of side branch compromise extent.We accepted that the main mechanism for SB ostial stenosis is flow divider (FD) displacement from stent struts after stent implantation in the main vessel.Using easily measurable parameters from coronary angiography,as SB diameter,angle α (initial angle between axes of parent vessel and SB axis) and angle α' (angle between above mentioned axes after stent placement) we can calculate percentage diameter stenosis at branch ostium (%DS):%DS = sin (α - α')/(tan α).In boundary condition of full FD displacement %DS = cos α.We tested our theoretical predictions with fluoroscopic observation of elastic wall model of bifurcation (45°distal angle between branches)permitting wall deformations with stent.There is full coincidence of values of %DS and percentage area stenosis (%AS).The regular formulas for calculations of %DS and %AS overestimate stenosis severity between 10% and 25%.Our model tests have shown full coincidence between predicted values for %DS and observed values.We demonstrate that part of the SB ostium is not visible in regular angiography and contributes to ostial lumen area.This is a method that permits quantitative prediction of side branch compromise.