用SOS显色法和Ames试验检测脾组织浸液的遗传毒性和抑制突变作用

采用大肠杆菌ＰＱ３７的ＳＯＳ显色法和和ＴＡ１００、ＴＱ９８菌株的Ａｍｅｓ试验检测动物碑组织浸液的遗传毒性。在两个测试系统中均呈阴性反应；用ＳＯＳ显色法测定浸液对萘啶酮酸、丝裂霉素Ｃ所诱导的ＳＯＳ应答以及Ａｍｅｓ试验测定浸液对由叠氮钠、敌克松所诱发的回变作用，有一定的抑制作用（Ｐ〈０．０１），其强度与浸液浓度呈正相关。     

韭黄的抗突变作用及其机理

本文应用ＳＯＳ显色试验和Ａｍｅｓ试验研究了韭黄水溶提取物的抗突变作用，并以一些特殊的菌株研究了抗突变作用的机理。结果表明韭黄水溶性提取物具有抑制ＳＯＳ反应作用，在Ａｍｅｓ试验中能抑制致突物的致突变作用，能在大肠杆菌ＧＷ１０６０，ＧＷ１１０４中抑制温度诱发的ＳＯＳ反应，但不能抑制ＳＯＳ网络开放型菌株ＧＷ２７７的ＳＯＳ反应，因此，其抑制ＳＯＳ反应的机理为在细胞内抑制ＲｅｃＡ蛋白酶调控的ＬｅｘＡ抑制体的     

用Ames试验和SOS显色法研究水源水有机提取物的遗传毒性

本文应用Ａｍｅｓ试验和ＳＯＳ显色法２个细菌测试系统研究了广州南部流域某些河段水中有机物的遗传毒性．１３个水样中，４个可诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型菌株的回复突变；６个可诱导大肠杆菌的ＳＯＳ反应；２个水样在２个测试系统中均有诱导作用．结果还表明；采集的水样量及受试物的配制对试验结果有显著影响；在ＳＯＳ显色法中，ｕｖｒＡ菌株和ｕｖｒ＋菌株对相同水样有不同反应。     

香菇水提取液体外抗致突变作用

香菇水提取液体外抗致突变作用郭原健，李国华，贾继锋，傅娟玲，周宗灿（山西省防疫站０３００１２北京医科大学北京１０００８３）本文用ＳＯＳ显色法和Ａｍｅｓ试验方法观察了香菇水提取液对丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）和紫外线（ＵＶ）诱导大肠杆菌ＰＱ３５ＳＯＳ反应的抑制...     

用SOS显色法和 Ames 试验研究珠江水源水有机提取物遗传毒性

用ＳＯＳ显色法和Ａｍｅｓ试验研究珠江水源水有机提取物遗传毒性钱黎明，林伟华，叶健儿，谭雪青，李胜兰，黄志勇，许德恒，陈志青（广州师范学院生物系５１０４００广州珠江水利委员会水资源保护研究所５１０６１１）在城市自来水及其水源中先后发现多种遗传毒物。流行...     

SOD复合酶添加剂毒理实验研究

ＳＯＤ复合酶由动物血细胞中提取，主要成分为超氧物歧化酶（Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｓｉｄｅｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ］，是一种重要的自由基清除剂，国内外早以应用于医药、化妆品中，ＳＯＤ复合酶拟用作食品添加剂。尚未见资料报导，为保障其食用安全性，提供安全性毒理学评价依据，我们进行了两个阶段毒理学试验，急性毒性试验，经口ＬＤｔ５０≥２１．５ｇ／ｋｇ，ｂＷ；小鼠微核试验、小鼠精子畸变；分析、Ａｍｅｓ试验均为阴性，无剂量一反应关系。该实验结果表明，ＳＯＤ复合酶无毒，未见有致突变作用。     

用SOS显色法和Ames试验检测广州大气飘尘有机提取物遗传毒性

用ＳＯＳ显色法和Ａｍｅｓ试验检测广州大气飘尘有机提取物遗传毒性钱黎明，王文贤，王伟彤，黄志勇，许德恒，谭雪青，叶健儿，李胜兰，陈志清（广州师范学院生物系５１０４００广州卫生防疫站毒理科５１００８９）广州城市建设的快速发展，机动车数量及各种燃料消耗的增...     

亚硝化煤尘提取物的致突变性与煤样中挥发分含量的关系初探

本文报道测定采自山西省五煤矿烟煤样品(5种)挥发分含量结果,并将其亚硝化提取物的致穷变性进行比较,结果显示:烟煤A、B、C、E和F挥发分含量(％)分别为16.27、13.14、16.65、26.87和24.56,其中以烟煤E挥发分含量最高。5种煤样亚硝化提取物致突变性检测结果表明:煤样E和F的亚硝化提取物经Ames试验和SOS显色试验,其结果均呈现致突变性,且E煤样致突变性强于F煤样。本研究结果提示:烟煤样品中挥发分含量与其亚硝化提取物的致突变性有一定相关关系。挥发分含量较高的煤样,其亚硝化提取物的致突变性相应也较强。     

化工废水非挥发性有机污染物致突变性的研究

本研究采用大孔树脂富集四种化工废水中非挥发性有机物，通过Ａｍｅｓ，ＳＯＳ、鱼类血细胞微核率三种生物试验方法检验其致突变性；结果表明，四种化工废水均含有致突变物，其中以炼油、印染两种废水的致突变性最强。     

化工废水蜚 挥发性有机污染物致突变性的研究

本研究采用大孔树脂富集四种化工放心水中非挥发性有机物，通过Ａｍｅｓ，ＳＯＳ、鱼类血细胞微核率三种生物试验方法检验其致突变性；结果表明，四种化工废水均含有致突变物，其中以炼油、印染两种废水的致突变性最强。     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.