不同年龄腭部软硬组织厚度的CBCT研究

目的:研究腭部软硬组织厚度,并初步探讨年龄因素对腭部组织厚度的影响,为腭部植入微种植体提供参考。方法:选取青少年、青年、中年患者各30例,共90例患者的CBCT资料,测量腭中缝处及腭中缝旁各区域的骨质厚度、皮质骨厚度和黏膜厚度,将各组的测量值进行比较,并分析其相关性。结果:腭部骨质厚度测量结果显示:青年组与中年组均值间比较,差异无统计学意义,而青少年组均值较其他两组小,差异有统计学意义;三组的最大值均在腭中缝旁3mm处,腭中缝旁6mm处最小;腭部皮质骨厚度测量结果显示:青年组与中年组均值比较,差异无统计学意义;青少年组均值小于其他两组,差异有统计学意义;但三组的所有测量点皮质骨厚度均大于1mm;腭部黏膜厚度测量结果显示:不同年龄段患者的腭黏膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义;分布情况均为从前向后逐渐减小,从腭中缝处向颊侧逐渐增大,在腭中缝处最小。结论:青少年患者的微种植体安全植入区是切牙孔后4mm,腭中缝旁3mm、9mm处;对于成年患者,腭中缝处植入微种植体亦可获得良好的固位和稳定。     

基于限制性立方样条探索儿童青少年的骨密度与骨龄发育的关系

目的 通过回顾性分析重庆地区3 776例儿童、青少年骨密度与骨龄发育的关系,为重庆地区的儿童、青少年生长发育评估提供理论依据。方法 回顾性分析3 776例2015年至2019年间在重庆高康健康管理咨询有限公司进行咨询的儿童、青少年的左腕骨X线骨龄片、骨密度、身高、体重。应用Logistic向前逐步回归模型和限制性立方样条分层分析儿童、青少年骨密度与骨龄发育的关系。 结果 本研究中的儿童、青少年在各年龄段均出现骨龄发育提前,其中四个年龄段的男性和女性的骨龄年龄差差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析发现性别、骨密度同龄比、生活年龄为骨龄发育的独立影响因素。在性别、年龄和BMI分层的各亚组中,骨龄发育提前的概率在骨密度较低段有少量上升然后下降,在骨密度较高段呈上升趋势,在体格消瘦和正常组中最明显;各年龄段的骨龄发育提前趋势相当;随着BMI的增加,超龄发育概率逐渐向0.8~1.0区间靠近。结论 重庆地区儿童、青少年普遍存在骨龄发育提前的现象,这种现象可能与性别、骨密度、肥胖等因素有关。     

年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响

目的观察年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响,与股骨颈骨折的关系。方法对73例50岁以上因髋关节疾病住院病人行股骨近段CT扫描和DXA髋部骨密度测定,分为50~65岁组、66~80岁组和80岁组,以股骨颈骨密度为标准判断骨质疏松程度,以皮质比率作为评估皮质厚度的标准。结果股骨颈骨密度:50~65岁组为0.710±0.139、66~80岁组为0.613±0.104和80岁组为0.572±0.061。66~80岁组和80岁组与50~65岁组有非常显著性差异,66~80岁组与80岁组差异无统计学意义。T20长径皮质比率:50~65岁组与66~80岁组差异无统计学意义,而66~80岁组与80岁组有非常显著性差异。股骨颈宽径皮质比率:50~65岁组与80岁组有非常显著性差异。结论股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度随年龄增高而降低,提示股骨颈皮质厚度变薄是高龄髋部骨折风险高的原因之一。     

用MetriScan?骨密度仪测量西双版纳、西藏、内蒙古地区健康人群骨密度的情况调查分析

目的应用放射吸收法测量云南西双版纳、西藏和内蒙古三个少数民族地区，对傣族、藏族和蒙古族健康人群的骨量分布差异和峰值骨量进行调查分析，为临床诊断骨质疏松提供参考。方法选择云南西双版纳傣族健康男女1126名，年龄20～79岁。西藏藏族健康男女1531名，年龄20～79岁。内蒙东乌旗蒙古族健康男女901名，年龄20～79岁。以10岁为一年龄段进行分组。用美国Alara公司提供的Metriscan^TM指骨骨密度仪，进行骨密度测量。数据采用SPSS软件包进行统计学分析。结果西双版纳傣族男女、西藏藏族男女和内蒙古东乌旗蒙古族女性的峰值骨年龄段均在30—39岁，蒙古族男性峰值骨年龄段在4｜D～49岁。傣族和藏族男性骨量丢失12％以上在60—69岁年龄段，蒙古族男性70～79年龄段骨量丢失11．04％。傣族女性50～59岁年龄段骨量丢失达20．80％，藏族女性为13．67％。蒙古族女性丢失12％以上在60-69岁年龄段。三个民族不同年龄段骨密度值比较，男性除藏族和蒙古族20—39岁年龄段没有差异外，其余各年龄段均有显著性差异。女性除傣族和藏族20-29岁年龄段没有差异外，其余各年龄段均有显著性差异。结论健康成人傣族男性与藏族和蒙古族健康成人男性相比骨密度有显著差异，藏族和蒙古族男性40岁以后骨密度均值有显著性差异。傣族女性与蒙古族女性各年龄段骨密度均有显著性差异，傣族与藏族女性30岁后骨密度有显著性差异。其差异是种族、地域，还是生活习性引起有待进一步研究。     

年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响

目的观察年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响,及与股骨颈骨折的关系。方法对73例50岁以上因髋关节疾病住院病人行股骨近段CT扫描和DXA髋部骨密度测定,分为50～65岁组、66～80岁组和>80岁组,以股骨颈骨密度为标准判断骨质疏松程度,以皮质比率作为评估皮质厚度的标准。结果股骨颈骨密度:50～65岁组为0.710±0.139、66～80岁组为0.613±0.104和>80岁组为0.572±0.061。66～80岁组和>80岁组与50～65岁组有非常显著性差异,66～80岁组与>80岁组差异无统计学意义。T20长径皮质比率:50～65岁组与66～80岁组差异无统计学意义,而66～80岁组与>80岁组有非常显著性差异。股骨颈宽径皮质比率:50～65岁组与>80岁组有非常显著性差异。结论股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度随年龄增高而降低,提示股骨颈皮质厚度变薄是高龄髋部骨折风险高的原因之一。     

不同骨龄测定方法在青少年乒乓球运动员中的比较

目的通过对比G-P图谱法、CHN法和中华05计分法在青少年乒乓球运动员中的应用,了解3种骨龄评价方法各自的特点,为青少年体育比赛和运动员选材提供参考依据。方法选取参加2016年全国少儿乒乓球杯赛的运动员本人的手腕部后前位数字X光片202例,分成男未进入青春期组、女未进入青春期组、男进入青春期组和女进入青春期组四组,分别使用G-P图谱法、CHN法和中华05计分法判读各组骨龄,单因素方差分析比较3种方法的差异性,相关分析比较3种骨龄结果与年龄的相似程度,EXCEL统计骨龄超过生活年龄1岁以上的例数。结果 1在女进入青春期组中,G-P图谱法、CHN法和中华05计分法具有非常显著性差异,其中,中华05骨龄与年龄的相关系数最高,G-P骨龄次之,CHN较低。2G-P骨龄、CHN骨龄和中华05骨龄超过生活年龄1岁以上的例数分别为43例、52例和16例,三种骨龄结果均超过生活年龄1岁以上的例数为11例。结论 1对于进入青春期的乒乓球女子运动员,需要测骨龄时,建议使用中华05计分法。2对于儿童青少年体育比赛,建议使用中华05计分法评价骨龄,可以有效减少骨龄超龄的假阳性率。     

正常汉族青少年骨盆矢状面形态的影像学研究

目的:建立适合正常汉族青少年骨盆矢状面参数的参考值范围,分析影响骨盆矢状面形态的因素,探讨骨盆矢状面平衡及代偿的机制。方法:2007年9月～2011年7月收集171例正常汉族青少年,男87例,女84例;年龄10～17岁,平均13.1±2.0岁。在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)和骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT),并计算PT/PI和SS/PI。根据年龄分为2组,低龄组10～13岁(平均11.7±1.1岁),高龄组14～17岁(平均15.0±1.1岁)。各骨盆参数组内、组间比较采用独立样本t检验或秩和检验,并将其与年龄行相关分析。本研究PI值与既往文献比较采用单样本t检验。结果:两组的PI、PT和SS在男性和女性间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。低龄组PI和PT显著小于高龄组(P<0.05);低龄组SS与高龄组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组PT/PI均<0.5,SS/PI均>0.5。在所有青少年中(10~17岁)及低龄组中PI和PT与年龄均存在显著相关性(10~17岁者:r=0.243,r=0.371;低龄组:r=0.229,r=0.231)(P<0.05),但在高龄组中不存在相关性(r=0.072,r=0.190,P>0.05);低龄组、高龄组及10~17岁者SS与年龄军无显著相关性(P>0.05)。正常汉族青少年PI显著低于同龄白种人(P<0.05)。结论:正常汉族青少年骨盆参数PI、PT和SS在两性间不存在显著性差异。PI在青少年时期可随年龄的增长而增大,其中在10～13岁相对显著,而在14岁以后增长则基本趋于停止,推测骨盆在青少年时期的不同年龄段生长速率不同。     

儿童青少年的骨密度与骨龄发育的关系

目的通过回顾性分析重庆地区3 776例儿童、青少年骨密度与骨龄发育的关系,为重庆地区的儿童、青少年生长发育评估提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析3 776例2015年至2019年间在重庆高康健康管理咨询有限公司进行咨询的儿童、青少年的左腕骨X线骨龄片、骨密度、身高、体重。应用Logistic向前逐步回归模型和限制性立方样条分层分析儿童、青少年骨密度与骨龄发育的关系。结果本研究中的儿童、青少年在各年龄段均出现骨龄发育提前,其中四个年龄段的男性和女性的骨龄年龄差差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现性别、骨密度同龄比、生活年龄为骨龄发育的独立影响因素。在性别、年龄和BMI分层的各亚组中,骨龄发育提前的概率在骨密度较低段有少量上升然后下降,在骨密度较高段呈上升趋势,在体格消瘦和正常组中最明显;各年龄段的骨龄发育提前趋势相当;随着BMI的增加,超龄发育概率逐渐向0.8～1.0区间靠近。结论重庆地区儿童、青少年普遍存在骨龄发育提前的现象,这种现象可能与性别、骨密度、肥胖等因素有关。     

西双版纳傣族自治州傣族和汉族骨密度分布情况调查分析

目的 研究云南西双版纳傣族和汉族正常人群骨量分布情况,确定峰值骨量,分析其年龄段变化规律.为本地区制定骨质疏松诊断标准提供科学依据.方法 选择云南西双版纳傣族自治州健康傣族男女1 126名,汉族健康男女1 328名,年龄均为20～79岁.以10岁为一年龄段,对男女分别进行分组.用美国Alara公司提供的MetriscanTM指骨骨密度仪,对非习惯性用手的第2、3、4手指进行测量,取3个手指的平均骨密度值.数据采用SPSS 11.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 傣族和汉族男女峰值骨量都在30～39岁年龄段.骨量丢失12%以上傣族男女分别在60～69岁和50～59岁年龄段,汉族男女分别在70～79岁和60～69岁年龄段.骨量丢失25%以上傣族女性在60～69岁年龄段,汉族女性在70～79岁年龄段.傣族男女峰值骨密度分别为0.3378 g/cm2和0.3349 g/cm2.汉族男女峰值骨密度分别为0.3614 g/cm2和0.3473g/cm2.傣族和汉族男性各年龄段骨密度均值比较差异有显著性,20～29岁年龄段P＜0.05,30～79岁年龄段P＜0.001.傣族和汉族女性30～79岁年龄段骨密度均值差异有显著性P＜0.001.结论 西双版纳傣族与汉族男性正常成人骨密度值差异有显著性;女性30岁年龄段以后差异有显著性.汉族男女骨密度均值高于傣族男女.傣族男女骨量丢失速率早于汉族男女.其差异是种族,还是饮食结构引起有待进一步研究.     

孕期及非孕期不同年龄组生育年龄女性骨密度比较分析

目的研究不同年龄组孕期及非孕期生育年龄女性的骨密度情况,并进行对比分析和探讨。方法选取孕期女性1131例,非孕期生育年龄女性667例,按年龄分为30岁组,30～39岁组和39岁组。采用以色列定量超声骨强度仪测定其骨密度,按骨密度T值分为骨量正常组与骨量减少组(包括骨质疏松组)并记录一般情况。结果孕期与非孕期各年龄组组间内骨密度比较差异均存在统计学意义(P0.05),生育期女性中小于30岁年龄组的骨量较其余两组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而30～39岁组和大于39岁组骨量差异无统计学意义(P0.05),孕期与非孕期骨密度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论孕期与非孕期生育年龄女性中低年龄段女性发生骨质减少更为明显,低年龄段生育期女性骨健康情况不容忽视,必须重视钙剂的及时补充和健康的生活方式。     

Antero-postero differences in cortical thickness and cortical porosity of T12 to L5 vertebral bodies

OBJECTIVE: This study will investigate interrelationships between the cortical shell and cancellous bone trabecular thickness, in vertebral bodies. METHODS: One hundred and sixty vertebral bodies from T12 to L5 were obtained at autopsy. The average age of the cohort was 59.3+/-22.1 years (range = 20-94 years). Cortical thickness, cortical porosity and trabecular thickness from the adjacent cancellous bone were measured. RESULTS: At the mid-vertebral body anterior cortical thickness was significantly greater than posterior cortical thickness (524 +/- 352 vs. 370 +/- 283 microm, respectively, P < 0.0001) and mid-anterior cortical porosity was significantly less than mid-posterior cortical porosity (24 +/- 14% vs. 32 +/- 16%, respectively, P < 0.0001). There were no anterior/posterior differences in trabecular thickness of the cancellous bone adjacent to the cortical walls. CONCLUSION: This study provides a novel perspective of T12 to L5 vertebral body bone, where measurement of cortical thickness and cortical porosity in a cohort of skeletally normal individuals revealed structural differences between load bearing anterior and posterior cortical walls. The data suggest that modulators of change to vertebral body bone may affect the cortical and trabecular bone differently. The relationships between cortical and cancellous bone suggest that the middle sectors of the vertebral body play a critical role in load bearing.     

黑龙江地区女性年龄对皮肤水分及pH值的影响

目的：研究黑龙江地区女性皮肤水分和pH值与年龄的关系.方法：选取77名女性志愿者,按照年龄分成六组,并检测每一组不同部位的皮肤水分和pH值.结果：与21 ～27组相比,随着年龄的增加,水分值逐渐减少,在42岁以后最为明显,存在显著性差异和极显著性差异（P＜0.05和P＜0.01）,并且出面颊部无明显变化外,其它部位的水分值都明显减少;与55～73组相比pH值随着年龄的减小在不断的减小,并且均存在显著性差异和极显著性差异（P＜0.05和P＜0.01）.结论：年龄不同对皮肤水分和pH值的影响也不同.     

点式接触动力加压接骨板与动力加压钢板固定后板下的骨质变化

目的观察点式接触动力加压接骨板(PC-DCP)与动力加压钢板(DCP)内固定后板下骨质改变情况并进行对照。方法采用性成熟山羊10只,在左右侧完整胫骨中段分别用PC-DCP与DCP固定。固定术后12、24周分批处死动物,每批5只,解剖出双侧胫骨。取3对胫骨进行CT扫描与生物力学测试,对照研究两种钢板固定术后固定骨段皮质骨厚度和生物力学强度改变;取剩余两对胫骨,截取接骨板下皮质骨骨段,进行板下骨的组织学观察。结果固定术后12周,DCP组板下皮质骨呈明显松质骨样改变,PC-DCP组板下皮质骨厚度和骨抗扭力学强度均明显大于DCP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。固定术后24周,DCP组和PC-DCP组骨皮质均变薄,骨髓腔扩大,板下皮质骨松质骨样改变,两组板下皮质骨厚度和抗扭力学强度间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论传统坚硬接骨板固定后板下骨质疏松是血运障碍和应力遮挡共同作用的结果,但血运损害在固定的较早期是其主要原因。PC-DCP可以明显减轻因血运损害导致的骨质疏松。     

股骨干骨折并内侧皮质缺损重建的生物力学研究

目的 采用同种异体骨板重建股骨干内侧皮质缺损并进行生物力学评价。方法 6具新鲜股骨标本,在内侧造成皮质缺损后,测定正常股骨组(对照组),钢板固定组(实验组1),钢板加骨板固定组(实验组2),钢板加骨板加内侧骨块复位组(实验组3)的垂直压缩,三点弯曲及抗扭转能力,比较不同内固定方法在相同载荷下的位移。结果 本实验三项指标间,对照组和实验组3间的垂直压缩、三点弯曲间无显著性差异(P>0.05),与实验组1、2间有显著性差异(P<0.05),旋转角度间均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。压力侧骨缺损单纯用钢板内固定效果最差,而用异体骨板加钢板固定强度明显优于单纯钢板固定,骨块复位加骨板、钢板固定优于单纯骨板及钢板固定。结论 应用异体骨板重建股骨干内侧皮质缺损,可较好的恢复股骨干内侧皮质的完整性,增加钢板内固定的成功率,值得在临床上推广应用。     

脱钙皮质骨基质的拉伸力学性能研究

目的探讨脱钙皮质骨基质厚度与拉伸力学性能的关系,为将其作为组织工程支架材料奠定实验基础。方法取市售新鲜小牛胫骨,常规快速脱钙制备脱钙皮质骨基质,大体观察其颜色、质地等物理性状,并进行脱钙检测。将脱钙皮质骨基质沿径向纵切成不同厚度的片材,并根据厚度分为4组(n=16),分别为A组100～300μm,B组300～500μm,C组500～700μm,D组700～1 000μm;对每组标本进行拉伸性能和组织学观测。结果大体观察显示脱钙皮质骨基质经H2O2处理后呈乳白色,柔韧性好,富有弹性。脱钙皮质骨基质的脱钙率达97.6%。A组强度及弹性模量明显小于B、C、D组(P<0.05),B、C、D组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);脱钙皮质骨基质刚度随厚度增加呈逐渐增大趋势,A组刚度显著低于B、C、D组(P<0.05),B、C组低于D组(P<0.05),B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组极限应变差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组织学观察各组均可见典型骨单位结构,其最大直径范围为102～325μm,平均最大直径为182μm。结论骨单位的完整性对脱钙皮质骨基质的力学性能有重要影响;脱钙皮质骨基质作为组织工程支架材料,在厚度>300μm时可保持其拉伸力学性能。     

Bone mass is related to creatinine clearance in normal elderly women.

We determined the relationship between bone mass and age, anthropometric variables, creatinine clearance (Ccr), and serum and urine biochemical variables in 77 normal white women (aged 41-86, mean = 67) living in their own homes. A total of 74 women were postmenopausal. Skeletal status was assessed in all subjects by x-rays of the hand with measurement of the mean combined cortical thickness (CCT) of the second metacarpal bones. In 53 women, bone mineral content of the radial shaft (RMBC) was also measured by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and lumbar bone mineral density (LBMD) was measured by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA). Serum and urine biochemical variables were measured under standardized conditions on the sixth and seventh days of a controlled diet. There was a strong positive correlation between Ccr and bone mass. Although our subjects showed the expected linear decline in Ccr with age, we found that the relationship between Ccr and bone mass in the radius and lumbar spine was independent of age. On the other hand, the relationship between Ccr and CCT was not independent of age. We concluded that the relationship between Ccr and lumbar and radial bone mass is probably indicative of a relationship between glomerular filtration rate and bone mass, although this requires validation with a noncreatinine method for measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Age per se does not appear to be a cause of declining lumbar bone mass after the menopause.     

Changes in cortical bone mineralization in the developing mandible: a three-dimensional quantitative computed tomography study.

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was completed in 34 subjects between the ages of 9 and 33 years with symmetrical mandibles in order to investigate the three-dimensional cortical bone mineral density (BMD) distribution in the mandible. The number and distribution of the pixels were determined at three levels: (1) representing the entire mandibular bone; (2) the cortical bone at 60% above the baseline defined as the segmentation level (around 1050 mg/cm3) and representative of only cortical bone; and (3) the highest mineralized cortical bone (>1250 mg/cm3). The geometrical distribution of the highest mineralized areas was evaluated by three-dimensional reconstruction of the images. The total number of pixels for the entire mandible increased significantly at each time point represented at four increasing ages groups (9-11 years of age, 12-14 years of age, 15-17 years of age, and >18 years of age). The male and female subjects had a similar total number of pixels for the entire mandible before the age of 11, but the male subjects showed a significantly larger total number of mandibular pixels after that age. Comparison of the number of pixels for pure cortical bone (60% segmentation level) and the highest mineralized cortical bone indicated a significant increase with maturation with the greatest change occurring between the 13-year and 16-year age groups. However, the ratio of cortical bone/total bone increased at a more rapid rate in the male subjects and reached a plateau by the 16-year age group, showing distinct differences in mineralization of the mandible between the sexes.     

Age changes in bone mineralization,cortical thickness,and Haversian canal area

Summary Age-related changes in femoral cortical bone were quantified in an age-graded series of human cadavers. Variables included in this study were cortical thickness, bone mineral content, cortical bone density, summed Haversian canal area, Haversian canal number, and mean Haversian canal area. Females showed significant (P<0.05) decreases in cortical thickness, bone mineral content, and cortical bone density when plotted against age. Males exhibited slight nonsignificant declines for cortical thickness, bone mineral content, and cortical bone density. Both males and females exhibited significant (P<0.05) age-related increases in summed Haversian canal area values and Haversian canal number. Females as a group were found to exhibit significantly (P<0.05) larger mean Haversian canal area values compared with males, but the male group exhibited more Haversian canals per unit area of cortical bone compared with females. Intercorrelations between the bone mineral index and summed Haversian canal area and between cortical bone density and summed Haversian canal area define the role of increasing Haversian canal number and mean canal size per unit area of cortical bone as a factor in the reduction of bone mass as a function of age. Partial correlations between the bone mass variables and the variables assessing Haversian canal size and number further support this argument.     

A randomized school-based jumping intervention confers site and maturity-specific benefits on bone structural properties in girls: a hip structural analysis study.

We compared 7-month changes in bone structural properties in pre- and early-pubertal girls randomized to exercise intervention (10-minute, 3 times per week, jumping program) or control groups. Girls were classified as prepubertal (PRE; Tanner breast stage 1; n = 43 for intervention [I] and n = 25 for control [C]) or early-pubertal (EARLY; Tanner stages 2 and 3; n = 43 for I and n = 63 for C). Mean +/- SD age was 10.0 +/- 0.6 and 10.5 +/- 0.6 for the PRE and EARLY groups, respectively. Proximal femur scans were analyzed using a hip structural analysis (HSA) program to assess bone mineral density (BMD), subperiosteal width, and cross-sectional area and to estimate cortical thickness, endosteal diameter, and section modulus at the femoral neck (FN), intertrochanter (IT), and femoral shaft (FS) regions. There were no differences between intervention and control groups for baseline height, weight, calcium intake, or physical activity or for change over 7 months (p > 0.05). We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to examine group differences in changes of bone structure, adjusting for baseline weight, height change, Tanner breast stage, and physical activity. There were no differences in change for bone structure in the PRE girls. The more mature girls (EARLY) in the intervention group showed significantly greater gains in FN (+2.6%, p = 0.03) and IT (+1.7%, p = 0.02) BMD. Underpinning these changes were increased bone cross-sectional area and reduced endosteal expansion. Changes in subperiosteal dimensions did not differ. Structural changes improved section modulus (bending strength) at the FN (+4.0%, p = 0.04), but not at the IT region. There were no differences at the primarily cortical FS. These data provide insight into geometric changes that underpin exercise-associated gain in bone strength in early-pubertal girls.