1951～2008年三江县流行性乙型脑炎流行情况分析

目的 了解三江县流行性乙型脑炎的发病情况,为制定乙脑的防治提供科学依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法 分析1951～2008年三江县乙脑疫情资料.结果 1951～2008年三江县乙脑年平均发病率、死亡率、病死率分别为1.93/10万、0.43/10万和2.18%.以70年代为发病高峰期,80年代以后发病明显下降.发病呈明显季节性,高峰在夏秋季的6-8月份.职业以散居儿童和学生为主,14岁以下儿童发病居多.结论 三江县乙型脑炎防控形势不容乐观,应扩大普种对象年龄,扎实开展扩大免疫工作,加大疾病监测力度,同时加强环境卫生治理,重视防蚊、灭蚊,做好乙脑病例的救治.     

临沂市1960～2002年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学分析

目的　探讨流行性乙型脑炎 (以下简称乙脑 )在临沂市的流行规律 ,制定有效的防治措施。方法　收集我市 1960～2 0 0 2年乙脑疫情报告及流行病学调查资料 ,并进行汇总分析。结果　 1960～ 2 0 0 2年临沂市共发生乙脑 43 3 85例 ,死亡 5 45 1例 ,年平均发病率为 12 14 /10万 ,病死率 9 77% ;发病均有严格的季节性 ;年龄主要集中在 1～ 9岁年龄段 ,占发病总数的74 48% ;散居儿童和小学生是主要的发病人群 ,占 88 66%。结论　人群疫苗免疫、媒介蚊虫控制及动物宿主管理是减少乙脑发病流行的 3项有效措施。     

合肥市2000～2006年流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析

为了解合肥市乙脑流行状况和规律，本文对合肥市2000—2006年乙脑的发病情况进行流行病学分析，现报告如下。     

1952-2015年云南省流行性乙型脑炎发病季节性特征分析

目的 探讨云南省不同免疫策略时期流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)发病的时间分布特征,为乙脑的防控提供理论依据。方法 采用集中度及圆形分布法分析云南省1952-2015年的乙脑发病资料,用Watson-Williams检验比较两个及多个角均数。结果 1952-2015年云南省共报告47 885例乙脑病例,死亡6 569例,乙脑的年均发病率为1.79/10万,病死率为13.72%;疫苗使用前、疫苗推广期、免疫规划期乙脑发病的集中度M值依次为0.657、0.594、0.864,3个时期乙脑发病的平均角依次为284.05°、243.27°、209.42°,高峰日依次为9月9日、9月4日、7月30日,流行高峰期依次为7月4日～11月14日、7月18日～10月20日、7月3日～9月1日;不同阶段乙脑发病的高峰日有显著差异(P<0.001)。结论 云南省乙脑发病存在明显的季节性高峰期,随着乙脑疫苗的推广及使用,乙脑发病率逐渐下降,发病高峰日提前,高峰期缩短。     

郑州市1990年～1998年乙型脑炎流行病学分析

本文对郑州市 1990年～ 1998年乙脑进行流行病学分析 ,结果显示 :9年中以 1990年～ 1994年乙脑发病率较高 ,1990年乙脑发病率及病死率为最高 ( 7.16/十万和 10 .13% ) ,自 1995年后乙脑发病率明显下降。乙脑病例多集中在农村并以农民和散居儿童居多 ,10岁以下儿童占总病例数的 4 8.30 % ,发病有向大年龄组推移趋势。乙脑发病有明显季节性 ,以夏季为主。     

云南省2001-2010年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学分析

目的分析云南省2001-2010年流行性乙型脑炎的动态变化趋势和流行病学特征,为探索有效的乙脑预防控制策略提供依据。方法对云南省2001-2010年法定传染病报告系统中的流行性乙型脑炎数据资料进行描述性分析。结果 2001-2010年共报告乙脑病例4 918例,死亡246例,年均发病率为1.1287/10万,年均死亡率为0.0563/10万;乙脑报告发病率总体呈逐年下降趋势,个别年份波动较大,病例主要集中在西双版纳州、德宏州、保山市、昭通市、文山州、普洱市和红河州等,发病季节性明显,6-9月为流行季节,以〈15岁儿童发病为主,发病以散居儿童和学生为主。结论云南省乙脑发病率总体呈下降趋势,表明乙脑预防控制取得显著成效,但个别年份发病率波动较大,仍存在局部暴发流行的隐患,但发病率有所波动,在边境一线热带和亚热带地区乙脑的威胁仍然存在,应继续加强防控措施。今后几年应采取疫苗常规免疫和季节性突击接种相结合的措施。     

泰安市1996～2003年流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析

目的研究乙脑流行因素,探讨改进防治措施。方法对乙脑病例进行流行病学调查研究分析。结果控制乙脑措施落实不平衡,病例呈高度散发状态,具有明显的季节性。病例集中在15岁以下儿童和40岁以上成年人。分别占43.48%、24.22%。结论乙脑控制措施效果显著,提示在乙脑预防接种时要特别加强学龄前儿童的预防接种工作。     

驻马店市2006～2007年乙脑疫情监测分析

乙脑的病死率和致残率高,是威胁人类特别是儿童健康的主要传染病之一。为更好地掌握目前我市乙脑的流行情况和规律,以制定有效的防治措施,本文对驻马店市2006-2007年乙脑疫情监测工作进行了分析,现报告如下。     

2004~2011年融水县流行性乙型脑炎流行病学分析

目的分析2004~2011年融水县流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)流行情况,为乙脑预防和控制提供科学依据.方法对2004~2011年融水县乙脑疫情报告资料进行回顾性分析.结果2004~2011年共报告39例乙脑确诊病例,无死亡病例,年平均发病率1.00/10万,病例分散在15个乡镇.10岁以下儿童占84.62%;乙脑有明显季节性,5~10月为流行期,7~8月为发病高峰;接种乙脑疫苗控制疫情效果显著.结论加强疫情监测,提高乙脑疫苗接种率,做好以防蚊灭蚊为主综合性防治措施.     

临猗县2002-2006年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学分析

目的了解临猗县2002～2006年乙脑流行特征，为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2002～2006年乙脑发病的流行病学特征进行分析。结果临猗县2002～2006年乙脑的发病率、死亡率、病死率均高于全国水平，流行病学特征表现为高度散发，发病具有明显季节性，大年龄组人群发病率较高，农民发病率高于其他人群，男、女发病率无性别差异。结论从传染源、传播途径上加强乙脑监测工作，加大健康教育宣传力度，提高大年龄段人群和农民乙脑疫苗的接种率，科学防控乙脑。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.