原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：分析原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学表现,评价其影像学诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术或活检证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿176例,其中原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿111例,继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿65例。完整影像学资料共42例,均行X线检查,其中30例行CT检查,15例行MRI检查,9例同时行CT及MRI检查。结果：42例动脉瘤样骨囊肿平片上根据病变部位分偏心型22例、髓内型18例、骨旁型2例,大多数表现为偏心型膨胀性骨破坏;CT扫描可见25例不同程度骨膨胀、骨皮质内缘的分房状压迹和骨嵴影,皮质破坏断缺7例,15例见骨包壳,3例见液-液平面;15例MRI扫描表现为分叶状肿块,9例MRI表现为T1WI低、T2WI高信号囊腔,6例表现为混杂信号,囊间隔均为T1WI、T2WI低信号,6例行MRI增强扫描,均见间隔强化,5例见液-液平面。结论：原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,X线、CT及MRI三者结合能明显提高诊断正确率。     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：探讨动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学特点。资料与方法：回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的ABC的影像学表现，23例均摄X线平片和CT平扫。4例行MRI检查。结果：23例ABC发生于长骨18例，骨盆5例。ABC平片表现常为偏心性膨胀性骨破坏；CT平扫可见膨胀的骨壳内缘呈清晰弧形压迹，其中骨壳完整12例，断缺11例。病灶密度不均，19例可见蜂房样低密度影或液－液平面，15例出现软组织肿块；4例MRI主要表现为T1WI呈等低信号，T2WI呈大小不一高信号囊腔或液－液平面，3例增强扫描，2例无明显强化，1例轻度强化，囊间隔在T1WI、T2WI及增强后均为低信号。结论：X线平片简便经济，但对内部结构的显示有一定限度，CT和MR对内部结构及软组织的显示明显优于前者，对ABC具有很高的诊断价值。     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像和病理学表现

目的:分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿(aneuriysmal bone cyst,ABC)的影像学及病理学特点,以期提高ABC的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析32例经病理证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现,全部病例中行X线检查20例,行CT检查17例,行MRI检查14例,部分患者在X线检查后进行了CT或MRI检查。结果:病灶分布于四肢长骨18例,脊椎8例、骨盆4例、下颌骨1例、跟骨1例;在X线和CT表现为上ABC表现为偏心性和膨胀性骨质破坏,MRI表现为多囊性病灶,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号;病理均表现为含血囊腔及结缔组织性的间隔。结论:动脉瘤样骨囊肿有其特征性影像学表现,普通X线检查是最基本的首选检查方法,CT和MRI在显示动脉瘤样骨囊肿病灶内部结构和鉴别诊断上具有优势,综合影像学检查能提高动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断符合率。     

扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像诊断

目的:提高对扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现的认识.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的17例扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像表现.17例中9例行X线检查,10例CT检查,8例MRI检查.结果:17例发生于扁骨和不规则骨的动脉瘤样骨囊肿主要表现为,①皂泡状和吹气球样膨胀性骨质破坏:平片4例,CT 8例,MRI 6例;②病灶内骨间隔及骨嵴:平片4例,CT 8例;MRI 5例;③病灶周围骨硬化:平片3例,CT6例,MRI 4例,MRI表现为病灶周围线状低信号影;④骨壳部分断缺:平片2例,CT3例,MRI 2例;⑤液-液平面:CT 5例,MRI 6例;⑥骨膜反应:无;⑦软组织肿块:CT 1例,MRI 1例.结论:扁骨和不规则骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学特征与长管状骨大致相仿,螺旋CT及MRI能明显提高诊断准确率.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断及误诊分析

目的:通过对动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)影像学诊断及误诊的分析,进一步探讨ABC的影像学特点。方法:结合病理特点回顾性分析22例经手术病理证实的正确诊断及误诊的ABC的影像学表现,22例均摄X线平片,19例行CT平扫,15例行MRI。结果:22例ABC发生于长骨17例,脊柱3例,骨盆2例。ABC平片表现常为偏心性膨胀性囊性改变;CT平扫可见膨胀的骨壳内缘呈清晰弧形压迹,其中骨壳完整18例,21例可见蜂房样低密度影,1例出现液-液平面,2例软组织肿块;15例MRI主要表现为T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈大小不一高信号囊腔或液-液平面,囊间隔在T1WI、T2WI均为低信号。误诊4例,其中发病部位长骨2例,脊柱和骨盆各1例。结论:正确认识ABC发病机理及病理特点的基础上,结合X线、CT和MRI的特征性影像学表现,进行综合分析是正确诊断ABC,避免误诊的关键所在。     

长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现

目的分析长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)影像学表现,提高对其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的24例长骨ABC的影像学资料,所有患者均行X线平片、CT及MRI检查,18例行MRI增强扫描。结果 X线表现为囊状膨胀性骨质破坏,10例病灶邻近骨质见连续骨膜反应,17例病灶内见粗细不一骨嵴;CT表现为病灶内缘分叶状改变,边缘锐利并不同程度硬化;MRI表现为囊性病灶,T_1WI序列呈等或稍低信号、T_2WI呈混杂稍高或高信号,病灶内及边缘可见分叶状或条索状低信号,20例可见液-液平面,增强扫描病灶边缘及内部分隔明显强化。结论长骨原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现典型,结合不同影像检查,不难诊断。     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学研究

目的:评价影像学检查对动脉瘤样骨囊肿的诊断价值.方法:对26例经手术病理证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现进行回顾性分析.26例均摄了平片,CY检查10例、MRI检查6例、DSA检查2例.结果:26例动脉瘤样骨囊肿发生于长管状骨18例,脊柱4例,骨盆3例,跖骨1例.平片和CT多表现为偏心膨胀性骨破坏,CT常可显示骨性分隔及液-液平,MRI检查多表现为多囊长T1、长T2信号特点,CT和MRI检查16例中有6例出现液-液平面.DSA表现实质期可见中等量肿瘤染色.结论:动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,CT特别是MRI对动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断较平片有优势,综合影像学检查能提高动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断符合率.     

X线平片及MRI诊断动脉瘤样骨囊肿的价值

目的评价X线平片与MRI检查对动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的ABC的影像学表现,15例均行X线检查,5例行MRI检查。结果(1)15中例ABC发生于长骨13例,肋骨及骨盆各1例;(2)皂泡状或吹气球样膨胀性骨质破坏:X线15例,MR5例;(3)病灶内骨小梁间隔或骨嵴:X线11例,MR4例;(4)局限性骨质硬化:X线10例,MR4例;(5)骨壳边缘不全病理骨折:X线3例,MR1例;(6)骨膜反应:X线1例;(7)软组织肿块:无;(8)病灶内单发或多发囊肿:MR4例;(9)液-液平面:MR1例。结论X线平片显示病变的整体形态有优势,结合MRI显示病变组织成分综合分析有利于提高ABC的诊断符合率。     

跟骨和距骨良性囊样病变影像学表现

目的 评价跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现. 资料与方法 回顾性分析27例经穿刺活检或手术病理证实的跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现.全部病例均行X线平片检查,20例行CT检查,10例行MRI检查. 结果 骨囊肿8例,软骨母细胞瘤8例(合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿4例),邻关节囊肿5例,脂肪瘤3例,骨巨细胞瘤2例,骨纤维结构不良1例.平片及CT显示大小不等囊性低密度病灶;MRI信号表现各具特征. 结论 跟骨或距骨良性囊样病变的影像学表现具有一定特征.     

颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现

目的：探讨颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现，提高对颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的认识。资料与方法：搜集经手术病理证实的4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿，全部病例均作了CT平扫与MRI检查，其中1例摄有颅骨平片，1例MR／增强扫描，1例DSA检查。结果：4例颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿中，1例位于左蝶骨嵴和左眶骨处，2例位于左颞骨。1例位于右额骨。CT上均表现为不同程度的膨胀性吹气球样溶骨破坏区，密度不均匀；MRI示有出血、囊变及液面，T1WI和R2WI上呈混杂信号，1例增强后示肿瘤实质和邻近脑膜强化；血管造影示血管有推移改变。结论：颅骨动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现有一定的特征性，CT与MRI相结合能提示诊断，并有助于评价周围结构。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.