男性青少年暴力攻击行为脑诱发电位研究

目的探索男性青少年暴力攻击行为的部分神经电生理学基础。方法以47例有官方暴力型违法乱纪记录的青少年(16~20岁)为研究组,无暴力攻击行为的职业高中学生41例为对照组,进行脑干听觉诱发电位、体感诱发电位和P300测验,比较两组间的差异。结果与对照组相比,有暴力攻击行为组脑干听觉诱发电位V潜伏期显著延长(P<0.01),波Ⅲ波幅显著降低(P<0.01),提示外周听觉刺激被过度过滤;P300的靶P3波潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05),提示认知信息加工过程速度减慢;体感诱发电位N1波潜伏期显著缩短(P<0.05),P2波波幅显著增高(P<0.01),提示体感刺激皮层反应增强。结论有暴力攻击行为的青少年脑诱发电位异常,提示大脑皮层唤醒水平低下,认知功能损害,存在对体感刺激的感觉搜寻增强。     

有攻击行为的双相障碍Ⅱ型患者认知功能特点

目的 探讨有攻击行为双相障碍Ⅱ型患者的认知功能特点.方法采用自编一般情况问卷、轻躁狂症状自评量表(HCL-32)、修订版Barratt冲动量表(BIS-11)、修改版外显行为攻击量表(MOAS)及威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)对新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院临床心理科愿意接受研究的60例双相障碍Ⅱ型患者进行调查,根据MOAS分为攻击组和非攻击组,各30例.结果两组患者HCL-32得分差异无统计学意义;攻击组运动冲动性评分高于非攻击组,WCST测验中完成第一个分类所需应答数高于非攻击组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论有攻击行为的双相障碍患者表现出更明显的运动冲动性;但在执行功能方面与无攻击行为患者差异不明显,攻击行为不能作为预测认知功能进一步损害的外在因素.     

有暴力攻击行为的男性青少年脑诱发电位和执行认知功能研究

目的探索男性青少年暴力攻击行为的神经生理学和神经心理学基础。方法以75例有官方暴力型违法乱纪记录的青少年为研究组，以41名某职业高中学生为对照组，对两组测评脑诱发电位[听觉脑干反应（ABR）、体感诱发电位（SEP）和P300]及威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST），并比较两组的异同。结果（1）与对照组相比，研究组ABR波Ⅰ和波Ⅲ潜伏期短，波Ⅴ潜伏期长，波Ⅲ波幅低；P300靶P3波潜伏期长，非靶P2波波幅高；SEP的N2波潜伏期短，P2波波幅高（P〈0．05～0．01）。（2）与对照组比较，研究组WCST总反应数、持续错误数、随机错误数多，击中率（正确反应数／总反应数）低（P〈0．01）。（3）ABR、P300和SEP与WCST的相关分析，ABR波Ⅲ波幅与击中率呈正相关（r=0．22），P瑚波P，潜伏期与击中率呈负相关（r=-0．25）、与持续错误数呈正相关（r=0．24），SEP波P：波幅与正确反应数（r=-0．25）、击中率（r=-0．24）、完成分类（r=-0．25）均呈负相关；均P〈0．05。结论有暴力攻击行为的男性青少年对外周刺激的感觉和认知加工过程异常，执行认知功能降低。     

基于ReHo方法的精神分裂症患者攻击行为的静息态fMRI研究

目的 通过相关脑区结构与功能的对照研究,探讨精神分裂症患者暴力攻击行为的神经认知障碍基础.方法 对有、无攻击行为的精神分裂症患者和健康对照三组人群各21例进行静息状态下脑功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）,运用局域一致性（ReHo）分析方法进行数据分析处理,比较三组之间的差异.结果 与健康对照组相比,精神分裂症非攻击组在左侧额叶、中央前回、中央后回、两侧丘脑、右侧脑岛等脑区的局部一致性存在异常;而精神分裂症攻击组除表现上述脑区局部一致性异常,还表现出两侧前扣带回、左侧海马旁回等边缘系统脑区局部一致性的异常.结论 额叶、丘脑、中央前回、中央后回及脑岛等脑区的异常可能与精神分裂症症状以及攻击行为均有关,而边缘系统等脑区的异常可能与精神分裂症的攻击行为存在特异性联系.     

精神障碍冲动性攻击的相关机制研究进展

攻击是任何形式的有目的的伤害另一生物体而为该生物体所不愿接受的行为[1],是很多精神障碍的共同特征,重性精神障碍攻击行为发生率为34%~70%.攻击行为有多种分类方法,最常见的是将其分为"冲动性攻击"和"预谋性攻击".冲动性攻击指无计划的、不可控的、非目标取向的爆发式攻击行为,预谋性攻击则指有计划的、可控的、目标取向的攻击行为[2].冲动性攻击在间歇性暴发性障碍中尤为典型,关于冲动性攻击的研究也多在相关领域开展.冲动性攻击的机制十分复杂,目前的研究提示其发生可能受生物学因素、心理学因素、社会学因素以及它们之间相互作用的影响.本文围绕上述几个方面在精神障碍冲动性攻击行为的研究进展进行综述.     

男性暴力罪犯的冲动、攻击性人格特点及其与童年期受虐待的关系

目的 探讨暴力犯罪人员的冲动、攻击性人格特点,及其与童年期受虐待关系,为减少或预防暴力犯罪提供科学依据.方法 采用冲动性和攻击性量表、童年期创伤史问卷(Childhood Tmuma Questionnaire.CTQ)及自行编制的在押服刑罪犯一般情况登记表,对符合纳入、排除标准的400名犯人的资料进行收集、整理,然后对资料进行统计分析.结果 暴力犯组的运动冲动性、冲动总水平、躯体攻击性、言语攻击性、愤怒水平、敌意水平、自我攻击水平及攻击性总分等因子得分高于非暴力犯组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).暴力犯中无计划冲动性、认知冲动性、冲动总水平和童年期创伤各因子均呈正相关;敌意水平、自我攻击水平、攻击总水平与童年期创伤的五个因子均呈正相关,而躯体攻击性、言语攻击性、愤怒水平与情感虐待、躯体虐待和性虐待呈正相关.结论 暴力犯有明显的冲动及攻击性,更容易失去理智,产生暴力攻击行为;童年遭受虐待可增加个体的冲动、攻击性,从而增加暴力犯罪的可能.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童事件相关电位P300特征分析

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)P300的特点。方法:对100例ADHD患儿(研究组)[注意缺陷为主型(ADHD-I)34例、多动/冲动为主型(ADHD-HI)24例、混合型(ADHD-C)42例)]和100名正常儿童(对照组)前额区(Fz)、中央区(Cz)两个脑区的ERP P300潜伏期及波幅进行检测,比较分析研究组与对照组、ADHD各亚型及不同SNAP-Ⅳ评分分组(1.6~2.0为中度组、2.0为重度组)的P300潜伏期及波幅的差异。结果:1与对照组比较,研究组靶刺激在前额区(Fz)及中央区(Cz)P300潜伏期显著延长,波幅降低,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.01);2ADHD各亚型组间P300潜伏期与波幅差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3不同SNAP-IV评分组间,P300潜伏期与波幅差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ADHD患儿P300的潜伏期显著延长,波幅降低,提示ADHD患儿对信息加工处理的速度减慢,注意力、记忆力缺陷及认知加工能力不足。     

青少年冲动攻击行为与应激及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴活性的关系初探

目的初步探讨青少年冲动性攻击行为与生活应激水平及基础状态时下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴活性的关系。方法采用修订版外显攻击行为量表(modified overt aggression scale,MOAS)和冲动性量表(barratt impulsivity scale-11,BIS-11)对某所工读学校的男性初中生近半年内的攻击行为和冲动性进行评估,纳入其中51名有冲动性攻击行为(体力攻击次数≥3、MOAS总分≥5分、BIS-11总分≥70分)的学生为研究组,对照组为53名无冲动性攻击行为(体力攻击次数为0、MOAS总分4分、BIS-11总分70分)的学生,使用青少年生活事件量表(adolescent self-rating life events checklist,ASLEC)调查受试者近半年内的生活应激水平,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验法测定血清皮质醇、血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotrop hichormone,ACTH)水平。结果研究组近半年内的ASLEC应激总分(P0.05)、"人际关系"因子(P0.01)、"受惩罚"因子(P0.05)、"健康适应"因子(P0.01)分值均高于对照组,而血清皮质醇浓度(P0.01)、血浆ACTH浓度(P0.05)均低于对照组。相关分析结果显示,冲动性与ASLEC应激水平呈弱正相关(r=0.26,P0.01),与ACTH浓度呈弱负相关(r=-0.20,P0.05);攻击性与ASLEC应激水平呈弱正相关(r=0.26,P0.01),与皮质醇浓度呈弱负相关(r=-0.21,P0.05)。结论青少年冲动性攻击行为可能与较高的环境应激水平、机体HPA轴活性异常有关。     

α2-去甲基肾上腺素能受体对异丙酚麻醉下大鼠SEP的调节

目的探讨大鼠异丙酚麻醉中α2-去甲基肾上腺素能(NA)受体调节剂对皮层躯体感觉诱发电位(SEP) N20波的影响.方法将SD雄性大鼠30只随机分为3组.单纯异丙酚A组:微量泵以异丙酚10 mg/kg/h、60mg/kg/h的速度依次各静注45 min,停止静注异丙酚直至动物清醒.B组和C组在输注异丙酚的同时腹腔内分别注射可乐定和育亨宾各0.5 mg/kg.分别监测麻醉前、中及苏醒期的皮层SEP N20波的潜伏期和波幅.结果与基础值相比,3组药物对SEP N20波潜伏期均无显著影响;A组对SEP N20波的波幅无影响, B组降低SEP N20波的波幅, C组则增加了SEP N20波的波幅.结论异丙酚麻醉下α2-NA受体激动剂和抑制剂所引起SEP N20波波幅变化可能与镇痛机制有关.     

精神分裂症男性患者的事件相关电位P300与攻击行为相关性研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症男性患者事件相关电位P300与攻击行为的相关性.方法 以既往史和外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)评分区分研究组(30例)与对照组(30例),比较两组患者的一般人口学资料、一般临床资料、P300潜伏期及P300振幅进行比较和分析,并对P300潜伏期和P300振幅与MOAS总分、各因子分和BPRS总分、各因...     

精神分裂症患者的攻击行为与血清胆固醇、甘油三酯水平的关系

目的探讨血清胆固醇水平、血清甘油三酯水平与精神分裂症患者冲动攻击行为的关系。方法以外显攻击行为量表（MOAS）评分区分,有攻击行为者为研究组,无攻击行为者为对照组,比较两组的血清胆固醇水平、血清甘油三酯水平,并采用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）评定精神症状以比较与血清胆固醇水平、血清甘油三酯水平变化的关系。结果研究组BPRS敌对猜疑因子及总分显著高于对照组,两组血清胆固醇水平、血清甘油三酯水平与MOAS及BPRS存在相关性。结论精神分裂症患者的攻击行为可能与血清胆固醇水平、血清甘油三酯水平存在相关性。     

Atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of violent patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder

CONTEXT: Violent behavior of patients with schizophrenia prolongs hospital stay and interferes with their integration into the community. Finding appropriate treatment of violent behaviors is of primary importance. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 atypical antipsychotic agents, clozapine and olanzapine, with one another and with haloperidol in the treatment of physical assaults and other aggressive behaviors in physically assaultive patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, 12-week trial. Physically assaultive subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were inpatients in state psychiatric facilities were randomly assigned to treatment with clozapine (n = 37), olanzapine (n = 37), or haloperidol (n = 36). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number and severity of physical assaults as measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) physical aggression score and the number and severity of all aggressive events as measured by the MOAS overall score. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed through the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Clozapine was superior to both olanzapine and haloperidol in reducing the number and severity of physical assaults as assessed by the MOAS physical aggression score and in reducing overall aggression as measured by the MOAS total score. Olanzapine was superior to haloperidol in reducing the number and severity of aggressive incidents on these 2 MOAS measures. There were no significant differences among the 3 medication groups in improvement of psychiatric symptoms as measured by the PANSS total score and the 3 PANSS subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine shows greater efficacy than olanzapine and olanzapine greater efficacy than haloperidol in reducing aggressive behavior. This antiaggressive effect appears to be separate from the antipsychotic and sedative action of these medications.     

精神分裂症患者攻击行为与单胺氧化酶A、色氨酸羟化酶基因多态性的关联研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者攻击行为与单胺氧化酶A(MAOA)、色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)基因多态性的相关性。方法参照ICD-10诊断标准,选取212例精神分裂症患者,应用修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)进行评定,98例MOAS加权总分≥4分者纳入有攻击行为组(研究组),114例MOAS加权总分0分者为无攻击行为组(对照组)。采用聚合酶链式反应扩增及限制性片段长度多态性技术检测单胺氧化酶A基因、色氨酸羟化酶基因多态性,与精神分裂症患者攻击行为进行关联分析。结果 MAOA、TPH基因型频率和等位基因频率在有攻击行为患者组与无攻击行为患者组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论单胺氧化酶A、色氨酸羟化酶基因多态性与精神分裂症患者攻击行为无关联。     

精神分裂症患者攻击行为与临床症状、记忆及智力的相关性

目的探讨精神分裂症患者攻击行为与临床症状、记忆及智力的相关性,分析临床症状、记忆及智力能否作为精神分裂症患者攻击行为的预测因子。方法以2014年5月-2016年5月在中山市第三人民医院早期干预科住院的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的患者为研究对象,所有患者均处于急性发作期。依据既往暴力史和修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)加权总分为5分区分攻击组和非攻击组,其中攻击组69例,非攻击组39例。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估临床症状,采用韦氏记忆量表修订版(WMS-R)、韦氏成人智力量表中国修订版(WAIS-RC)评估记忆和智力,并对MOAS与PANSS、WMS-R和WAIS-RC评分进行相关分析。结果攻击组MOAS加权总分、言语攻击、对财产的攻击和体力攻击的评分均高于非攻击组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。攻击组PANSS总评分和阳性症状评分均高于非攻击组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。两组WMS-R和WAIS-RC评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。MOAS加权总分、体力攻击评分与PANSS总评分、阳性症状评分和一般精神病理评分呈正相关(r=0.203~0.535,P0.05或0.01),体力攻击评分与心智评分呈负相关(r=-0.343,P0.05)。结论与非攻击组相比,攻击组的攻击行为体现在言语攻击、对财产的攻击与体力攻击方面。PANSS总评分与阳性症状可能与精神分裂症患者的攻击行为相关。记忆和智力与精神分裂症患者的攻击行为不相关,不能作为攻击行为的预测因子。     

奥氮平合并丙戊酸镁缓释片治疗伴攻击行为的男性精神分裂症临床观察

目的:观察奥氮平联合丙戊酸镁缓释片治疗伴攻击行为的男性精神分裂症患者的疗效及安全性。方法:将75例伴有攻击行为的男性精神分裂症患者随机分为奥氮平联合丙戊酸镁缓释片组(合用药组,37例)和单用奥氮平组(单用药组,38例)进行6周的观察。于治疗前及治疗1、2、4、6周分别采用修订版外显攻击行为量表(MOAS)、阳性症状量表(SAPS)和阴性症状症状量表(SANS)评定疗效,治疗6周采用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:重复测量方差分析显示,MOAS总分、SAPS评分两组间有明显统计学意义(F=3.725,P=0.016;F=1.677,P=0.024);MOAS总分和SAPS评分合用药组显著低于单用药组。两组MOAS总分、SAPS、SANS评分均具有时间效应(F=28.314,F=12.417,F=5.362;P均0.01),但治疗效应与时间效应均无交互作用(F=2.937,P=0.065;F=4.831,P=0.272;F=2.619,P=0.481)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论:奥氮平联合丙戊酸镁缓释片对伴攻击行为男性精神分裂症患者的疗效优于单用奥氮平,且起效快、安全性好。     

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in pontine infarction: correlation to degree of paresis.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed in 20 patients with pontine infarction who had initially some degree of hemiparesis. Only patients with a well defined lesion on magnetic resonance imaging that was appropriate for the neurological signs were included. Recordings were made from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB) bilaterally. The degree of hand paresis was estimated clinically and related to the following parameters: central motor conduction time (CMCT), interside latency difference of total latency, and amplitude ratio of affected to unaffected side. Increasing degree of paresis was associated with increasing latency parameters and decreasing amplitude ratio. In the four patients with severe paresis a low amplitude response could be evoked and CMCT was delayed by up to 10 ms. When the paresis had resolved at the time of transcranial magnetic stimulation CMCT was normal. However, amplitude ratio was less than 100% in all but one patient, with most of the values ranging between 40% and 60%, which indicates a subclinical pyramidal tract lesion. Median nerve sensory evoked potentials (SEP) and related interside latency difference to amplitude ratio N20/P25 were also recorded. In contrast to TCMS, decreased amplitude ratio of SEP was not associated with delayed latency. Clinically, the mild degree of and good recovery from paresis in ventral pontine infarction was remarkable.     

Application of time-frequency analysis to somatosensory evoked potential for intraoperative spinal cord monitoring

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improvement in the reliability of intraoperative spinal cord monitoring by applying time-frequency analysis to somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). METHODS: 34 patients undergoing scoliosis surgery were studied. SEP were recorded during different stages of scoliosis surgery. Averaged SEP signals were analysed intraoperatively by short time Fourier transform (STFT). The time-frequency characteristics of SEP were observed during surgery. The main peak in the time-frequency interpretation of SEP was measured in peak time, peak frequency, and peak power. The changes in these variables were compared with the changes in latency and amplitude during different surgical stages. RESULTS: During different surgical stages, changes in peak times and peak powers were found to correlate with the changes in latency and amplitude, respectively. Peak time showed more variability than latency (p < 0.01), while peak power showed less variability than amplitude (p < 0.01). The peak frequency of SEP appeared to be unchanged during surgery. SEP signals were found to have specific time-frequency characteristics, with the time-frequency distribution of the signals being located in a particular time-frequency space. CONCLUSIONS: Time-frequency analysis of SEP waveforms reveals stable and easily identifiable characteristics. Peak power is recommended as a more reliable monitoring parameter than amplitude, while peak time monitoring was not superior to latency measurement. Applying time-frequency analysis to SEP can improve the reliability of intraoperative spinal cord monitoring.     

Effect of raising body temperature on visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The effects of raising body temperature on the visual (VEP) and somatosensory (SEP) evoked potentials were observed in normal subjects and in patients with multiple sclerosis. The amplitude of the VEP was significantly reduced to the same degree after heating in normal subjects and in patients with multiple sclerosis but there was no effect on the latency of the potential. Changes in amplitude could not be related to reduction in acuity. In contrast, the cervical SEP was greatly disorganised after heating in many patients with multiple sclerosis while the only effect in normal subjects was to reduce the latency by increasing peripheral conduction velocity. These results suggest that heat caused conduction block in demyelinated axons in the sensory pathways of the cervical spinal cord.     

Intrathalamic non-propagating generators of high-frequency (1000 Hz) somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) bursts recorded subcortically in man.

OBJECTIVES: Recently, bursts of high-frequency (1000 Hz) median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) wavelets were recorded subcortically near and inside the thalamus from deep brain electrodes implanted for tremor therapy. This study aimed to clarify whether these subcortical SEP bursts reflect evoked axonal volleys running in the thalamocortical radiation or a locally restricted intrathalamic response.METHODS: During deep brain electrode implantation, median nerve SEP were recorded in 7 patients sequentially along the subcortical stereotactic trajectory at sites +20 and +10 mm above the respective target nucleus (ventral intermediate thalamus or nucleus subthalamicus). Low- and high-frequency SEP components (corner frequency 430 Hz) were analyzed separately with respect to peak latency and amplitude as they changed along the recording trajectory.RESULTS: Individual wavelets of the subcortical 1000 Hz SEP burst showed fixed peak latencies independent from the depth of the electrode penetration; they increased markedly in amplitude with decreasing distance to the thalamus. In contrast, the amplitude gradient between the two recording sites was shallower for the low-frequency SEP component, which peaked earlier at the lower recording site.CONCLUSIONS: Subcortically recorded 1000 Hz SEP wavelet bursts predominantly reflect locally restricted near-field activity, presumably generated in the somatosensory relay nucleus. In contrast, the variable peak latency of the subcortical low-frequency component could reflect postsynaptic potentials sequentially evoked during passage of the lemniscal afferences curving through the thalamus and contributions from the thalamocortical radiation.