大鼠哮喘模型肺组织糖皮质激素受体和β—受体水平及平喘…

观察大鼠哮喘模型肺组织糖皮质激素受体和β－肾上腺素能受体水平及平喘药物对其影响。用放射性配基竞争结合法测定连续激发嘟喘和药物治疗后各时点肺组织ＧＲ和β－ＡＲ。激发后第１天肺组织胞浆ＧＲ最大结合容量显著升高，３天后迅速降至低于正常水平，平衡解离常数值也显著降低。     

豚鼠肺组织糖皮质激素受体在哮喘发病过程中的变化及与磷…

对豚鼠哮喘模型进行哮喘发作第１、３、７、１４天肺组织糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）及磷脂酶Ａ２（ＰＬＡ２）水平的测定，结果显示，从哮喘发作第３天起，ＧＲ最大特异结合量（Ｂｍａｘ）及平衡解离常数（Ｋｄ）值较对照组显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＰＬＡ２活力则自哮喘发作第１天起显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＧＲＢｍａｘ与ＰＬＡ２在发病过程中呈线性负相关（γ＝－０．９０２３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。认为ＧＲ数量降低可能与哮喘应     

豚鼠肺组织糖皮质激素受体在哮喘发病过程中的变化及与磷脂酶A_2的关系

对豚鼠哮喘模型进行哮喘发作第１、３、７、１４天肺组织糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）及磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）水平的测定，结果显示，从哮喘发作第３天起，ＧＲ最大特异结合量（Ｂ＿（ｍａｘ））及平衡解离常数（ｋｄ）值较对照组显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＰＬＡ＿２活力则自哮喘发作第１禾起显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＧＲＢ＿（ｍａｘ）与ＰＬＡ＿２在发病过程中呈线性负相关（ｒ＝－０．９０２３，Ｐ＜０．０５）。认为ＧＲ数量降低可能与哮喘应激状态下ＧＲ向胞核内移增多有关，ＧＲＫｄ值降低即ＧＲ与糖皮质激素亲和力增高是动物机体对ＧＲ数量减少的代偿性反应，但这种代偿尚不足以抑制ＰＬＡ＿２活力的病理性增高。     

糖皮质激素抵抗型哮喘的临床、糖皮质激素受体及细胞因子特征

目的探讨糖皮质激素抵抗（ＳＲ）型哮喘的临床特征及发生机制。方法选择ＳＲ型哮喘患者１５例及糖皮质激素敏感（ＳＳ）型哮喘患者１５例，比较两型患者的一般临床资料和基础肺功能。采用放射配基结合位点分析法检测外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）的糖皮质激素受体（ＧＣＲ）水平，观察氟美松（１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对ＰＢＭＣ产生白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－４的抑制作用。结果除了对泼尼松治疗的临床反应明显不同外，ＳＲ型与ＳＳ型哮喘在一般临床特征及基础肺功能方面差异均无显著性。ＳＲ型哮喘患者ＰＢＭＣ的ＧＣＲ水平显著低于ＳＳ型哮喘患者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。氟美松对ＰＢＭＣ产生ＩＬ－４的抑制作用在ＳＲ型哮喘显著低于ＳＳ型哮喘（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论对糖皮质激素治疗的反应性差是ＳＲ型哮喘的惟一临床特征。Ｔ细胞对糖皮质激素的抑制作用相对不敏感是ＳＲ型哮喘的细胞学基础，ＧＣＲ异常可能是其原因之一     

哮喘患者三种细胞因子受体表达与气道高反应性研究

目的 了解Ｔ、Ｂ细胞在过生哮喘发病中的相互作用，可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）、淋巴细胞膜白细胞介素－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ／ＣＤ２５）和ＩｇＥ抗体Ｆｅ段低亲合力受体ＦｃｅＲⅡ／ＣＤ２３）表达增强与气道高反应性（ＡＨＲ）的关系。方法对３１例过敏性喘患者和１２名健康人抗原吸入激发前后进行了肺功能测定，并检测了血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ、总ＩｇＥ（ＴＩｇＥ）、特异ＩｇＥ（ｓＩｇＥ）和ＣＤ２３、ＣＤ２５细胞     

甘草对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者糖皮质激素受体的影响

目的　研究甘草和甲泼尼龙对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ） 患者外周血白细胞糖皮质激素受体（ＧＣＲ）的影响。方法　将４５ 例ＣＯＰＤ患者根据用药情况分为甘草组、激素组和甘草、激素联合组各１５ 例。另选１０ 名健康体检者为正常组。应用放射配基结合试验检测患者治疗前后ＧＣＲ,放免法检测血浆皮质醇（Ｆ） 、促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ） 水平,并同时检测肺功能。结果　ＣＯＰＤ 急性加重期患者Ｆ、ＡＣＴＨ 比正常组高,差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０－００１） ,ＧＣＲ低于正常组（ Ｐ＜ ０－００１） ,甘草、激素、甘草激素联合组治疗后一秒种用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（ＦＥＶ１ 占预计值％ ） 均升高,尤以甘草激素联合组明显（ Ｐ＜０－００１） ,同时甘草上调ＧＣＲ,激素下调ＧＣＲ,二药联合应用ＧＣＲ 无显著变化。结论　甘草能够逆转激素对自身受体的下调作用,显著增强和延长激素疗效。     

大鼠哮喘模型肺组织,胸腺和脾脏糖皮质激素受体的研究

大鼠哮喘模型肺组织、胸腺和脾脏糖皮质激素受体的研究吕国平崔德健郭英江谭剑本实验测定了大鼠哮喘模型肺组织胞浆、脾脏和胸腺淋巴细胞的糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ），以期了解哮喘发作时肺组织及脾脏、胸腺淋巴细胞ＧＲ变化的规律及其相互关系。１．动物模型及分组：选取雄...     

重症肌无力患者糖皮质激素受体的观察

目的 旨在观察重症肌无力（ＲＧ）患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）的变化及其变化机制。方法 １９３例ＭＧ患者、１０全其他神经免疫性疾病患者、６例脑血管病患者及３５例正常对照;采用＾３Ｈ－氟美松放射配体法测定ＰＢＭＣ ＧＲ数目及亲和力,狭缝印迹法测定ＰＢＭＣ ＧＲｍＲＮＡ含量。结果 ＭＧ患者ＰＢＭＣ的ＧＲ数及其ｍＲＮＡ均显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,而且ＧＲｍＲＮＡ的含量与ＧＲ数目密     

低氧致大鼠肺中血小板－衍化生长因子－β受体基因表达增强

观察血小板。衍化生长因子－β（ＰＤＧＦ－β）受体在低氧大鼠肺中基因表达的变化。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交显示正常大鼠肺中可表达ＰＤＧＦ－β受体的信使ＲＮＡ（ｍＲＮＡ）。随低氧时间的延长ｍＲＮＡ水平迅速增加，至低氧第４日时达高峰，为正常的１．３倍（Ｐ＜０．０５）。免疫组化显示ＰＤＧＦ－β受体主要分布在肺的中、小动脉的平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞。随低氧时间的延长，其分布无变化，但密度显著增加，至低氧第７日时达高峰，为正常的２．４倍（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示ＰＤＧＦ－β受体基因表达增强在低氧性肺血管重建中起一定作用。     

糖皮质激素受体与哮喘

近年的研究表明哮喘患在糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）缺陷，糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）的生物效应是由ＧＲ介导的，ＧＲ缺陷导致靶细胞对ＧＣ的反应性降低，从而加重哮喘气道炎症，并使ＧＣ治疗的敏感性降低。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.