非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的疗效分析

目的探讨非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的手术疗效。方法对16例24个髋关节强直性脊柱炎非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术后的患者进行9个月～10年,平均54．6个月的随访。对手术前后关节疼痛、活动度、畸形矫正、关节功能改善进行对比研究,术后关节功能根据Harris评分进行评价。结果屈曲活动度由术前平均24．0°提高到术后平均81．9°,改善57．9°;术后总活动度达到188．3°,Harris评分由术前平均52．5分提高到术后平均91．4分,优良率为92％。X线分析未见松动、脱位,异位骨化1例。结论非骨水泥全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的有效方法。     

Harris and Galante non-cemented total hip prosthesis. 1st results

Amongst the various models of total hip prosthesis available on the market, the Harris and Galante non-cemented implant constitutes an attractive alternative. The authors report their preliminary experience on the basis of a limited series (77 hips) and a follow-up of 6 to 30 months. The hemispherical acetabular prosthesis, which is very easy to use, induces a local reaction in about 10% of cases. The femoral pivot, inserted by means of a very sophisticated apparatus, is more frequently responsible for local reactions (4 circumferential rings, 2 of which were asymptomatic, and 24 partial rings particularly in Gruen's zone 1). Although the preliminary results of this short series appear to be encouraging (59 operated patients out of 63 were scored as D5 - D6), a longer follow-up is nevertheless essential.     

Dislocation after total hip replacement in relation to metal-on-metal bearing surfaces

Metal-on-metal (MOM) is a commonly used bearing notable for its 'suction fit' when lubricated. In this study, we examined the capacity for MOM bearings to protect against dislocation after total hip replacement (THR). We undertook a clinical investigation to compare the rate of dislocation of MOM bearings with those of ceramic-on-polyethylene (COP) bearings and found that one MOM bearing dislocated in a series of 109 hips (0.9%) compared with nine of 145 hips (6.2%) in the COP group (p = 0.02). We also performed an in vitro investigation comparing the peak forces generated during forced separation of the two bearings of the same dimensions at velocities from 1 to 50 cm/s. This revealed that the MOM bearing generated significant resistance to separation at all velocities (maximum mean 24 N), whereas the COP did not (maximum mean 1.9 N, p < 0.001). We conclude that MOM bearings are more stable to dislocation than COP bearings as a result of the interfacial forces provided by a thin, lubricating fluid.     

生物型假体全髋置换术后早期负重近期效果

目的 探讨生物型全髋置换早期下床负重的可行性.方法 将56例年龄≤70岁的生物型假体全髋置换术后患者随机分成早期负重组(27例)和晚期负重组(29例),所有病例均采用小切口微创技术.早期负重组术后1周内下床拄拐自由负重,晚期负重组术后6周后下地负重,分别对两组进行术后6周和3、6、12、24个月的临床和影像学随访.髋关节功能按Harris评分,并对评分结果进行统计学分析.结果 术后6周、3个月的Harris评分早期负重组为(71.9±10.2)分、(87.6±9.4)分,晚期负重组为(60.3±9.1)分、(74.0±12.0)分,早期负重组明显高于晚期负重组(P＜0.01),Xx线最后随访时假体无松动、下沉;晚期负重组有2例患肢深静脉血栓形成.结论 在保证术中假体初始稳定性的前提下,生物型全髋置换术后可以早期下床负重;近期能明显促进患肢的功能恢复,预防下肢深静脉血栓形成.     

髋臼骨折后全髋关节置换术的初步临床结果

目的分析髋臼骨折术后全髋关节置换术的早期临床效果。方法2002年1月至2007年12月，共对18例髋臼骨折后创伤性髋关节关节炎的患者进行了全髋关节置换术，其中13例髋臼骨折做过切开复位内固定术，另5例行闭合复位骨牵引治疗；10例因为既往手术的疤痕粘连，关节置换时需行较广泛的软组织松解；9例在全髋关节置换术时仍有固定用的内植入物，5例术中需要取出内固定；12例术中用取下的股骨头行结构性或颗粒植骨；16例用非骨水泥髋臼，2例用金属加强环与骨水泥固定聚乙烯髋臼。术后随访行x线摄片评估，髋关节功能作Harris评分。结果随访时间6—70个月不等，平均38个月。3例术后发生髋关节周围BrookerⅡ度异位骨化，其中2例行异位骨化切除；1例术中股骨骨折，1例深部感染，1例髋臼松动并移位。最后随访时，12例（67％）患髋没有或仅偶有轻微疼痛，4例中度疼痛，2例疼痛需要助行工具；Harris评分由术前平均43．5分到术后平均84分。结论髋臼骨折后髋关节骨关节炎仍可通过全髋关节置换手术得到有效治疗，但其手术复杂程度与款臼骨折的处理有关，且并发症的发生率比一般的全髋关节置换手术高。     

Femoral fracture during non-cemented total hip arthroplasty

A study of the data on 1,318 consecutive non-cemented total hip-replacement arthroplasties revealed thirty-nine intraoperative fractures of the femur (3 per cent), only half of which were diagnosed intraoperatively. The fractures occurred in the proximal region of the femur or at the tip of the stem of the prosthesis. Most were incomplete and minimally displaced, and they did not jeopardize the stability of the femoral component. All complete proximal fractures were stabilized with a four-fifths-coated or fully coated prosthesis to provide distal fixation, and, when diagnosed intraoperatively, were fixed with cerclage wiring. When an incomplete fracture near the tip of the stem was discovered postoperatively and the posterior part of the femoral cortex was intact, a spica cast was applied, and the patient was instructed in protected weight-bearing. For a complete fracture at the tip of the stem, we recommend open reduction and internal fixation. No statistical difference was found with respect to residual pain, the score for walking, or the stability of the implant when we compared the results for the patients who had a fracture with those for the patients who did not. Modifications in surgical technique resulted in a decrease in the incidence of fractures (p less than 0.05).     

Unrestricted weight bearing and intensive physiotherapy after uncemented total hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The effectiveness of partial weightbearing after hip surgery has been questioned as well as the need of intensive physiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 36 patients (average age 54.4, 19 women) operated with uncemented hip arthroplasty were randomized either to unrestricted weightbearing (UWB) combined with intensive physiotherapy or to partial weightbearing (PWB) for 3 months combined with a short self-training program. The load during walking and the muscle strength (MS) in abduction was measured preoperative and subsequent up to 12 months. RESULTS: The average peak load on the operated leg at one week was 39.0 kg for the UWB and 25.8 for the PWB group (P = 0.009) while at three months 70.0 and 31.7 (P = 0.001) respectively. At 6 and 12 months there were no differences between the groups. The muscle strength increased in both groups up to six months but there were no differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Even though patients applied more load than the recommended 15 kg most patients were able to comply with partial weightbearing fairly well. The effect of intensive physiotherapy on the muscle strength after hip arthroplasty is questionable.     

Mid-term results of cementless total hip replacement using a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing with and without computer navigation

We have developed a CT-based navigation system using infrared light-emitting diode markers and an optical camera. We used this system to perform cementless total hip replacement using a ceramic-on-ceramic bearing couple in 53 patients (60 hips) between 1998 and 2001. We reviewed 52 patients (59 hips) at a mean of six years (5 to 8) postoperatively. The mid-term results of total hip replacement using navigation were compared with those of 91 patients (111 hips) who underwent this procedure using the same implants, during the same period, without navigation. There were no significant differences in age, gender, diagnosis, height, weight, body mass index, or pre-operative clinical score between the two groups. The operation time was significantly longer where navigation was used, but there was no significant difference in blood loss or navigation-related complications. With navigation, the acetabular components were placed within the safe zone defined by Lewinnek, while without, 31 of the 111 components were placed outside this zone. There was no significant difference in the Merle d'Aubigne and Postel hip score at the final follow-up. However, hips treated without navigation had a higher rate of dislocation. Revision was performed in two cases undertaken without navigation, one for aseptic acetabular loosening and one for fracture of a ceramic liner, both of which showed evidence of neck impingement on the liner. A further five cases undertaken without navigation showed erosion of the posterior aspect of the neck of the femoral component on the lateral radiographs. These seven impingement-related mechanical problems correlated with malorientation of the acetabular component. There were no such mechanical problems in the navigated group. We conclude that CT-based navigation increased the precision of orientation of the acetabular component and control of limb length in total hip replacement, without navigation-related complications. It also reduced the rate of dislocation and mechanical problems related to impingement.     

Porous coated anatomic non-cemented total hip arthroplasty.

Between November 1984 and December 1989, 318 non-cemented Porous Coated Anatomic (PCA; How-medica, Rutherford, New Jersey) total hip replacements were performed by the authors. A follow-up of 1 to 6 years was allowed. The average age was 53.1 years (from 17 to 71 years). The distribution of right-to-left was approximately equal. There were 192 hip replacements for primary and post-traumatic osteo-arthritis, 42 for rheumatoid arthritis, 40 for avascular necrosis, 29 for congenital dislocation or hip dysplasia with secondary osteo-arthritis, 6 for Perthes disease, 5 for previous sepsis, 2 of whom had had a Girdlestone procedure, 2 for revision of a painful cup arthroplasty, and 1 for conversion of a previously fused hip. All patients were evaluated on a one hundred point Harrington Arthritis Research Centre Scale. Points were awarded for pain (0-35), function (0-35), motion (0-10), deformity (0-10) and gait (0-10). Pre-operative total scores averaged 45.5 (9-71) and postoperative scores averaged 83.9 (55-98). The overall results were excellent 20.5% (90-100), good 59.8% (80-90), fair 16.4% (70-80), and poor 3.3%. Postoperative radiographs were evaluated using zonal analysis. There was no deterioration on the radiographs after two years.     

Long-term results of harris total hip replacement

The long-term clinical and radiographic results of 38 Harris total hip replacements performed on 31 patients (average age, 50.7 years), with an average follow-up period of 11.5 years, were reviewed. According to a modified d'Aubigne-Postel hip rating system, 14 hips were rated excellent, 19 good, 4 fair, and 1 poor. Only one patient had revision surgery for symptomatic acetabular and femoral loosening. Eight acetabular components migrated, usually after 10 years; this did not correlate with an unsatisfactory clinical result, except in one hip. There was subsidence or loosening of the femoral component in five hips, usually associated with a technical error or severe calcar resorption; this occurred early and did correlate with an unsatisfactory clinical result. Clinical results were satisfactory in 86% of the hips with long-term follow-up study. However, radiographic failure occurred in 34% of the hips, with a predominance of late acetabular migration.     

全髋关节置换术后的中远期疗效

目的评价全髋关节置换术(THR)后的中远期疗效。方法自1989年4月～1999年3月我院共对232例253髋施行了初次THR。获得随访121例135髋,平均随访9.6年(5.5～15.5年)。手术时患者年龄平均59.5岁(24～93岁)。结果获得随访的135髋存留120髋,其假体存留率为88.9%(120/135),术前Harris评分为67分,术后9.6年评分为86分,其优良率为82.9%(112/135)。10髋因假体松动而行翻修术,总体松动率为7.4%(10/135);2例发生股骨柄和臼杯同时松动,股骨柄的松动率为5.9%(8/135),臼杯的松动率为2.9%(4/135),另有4髋因其它原因翻修,1髋因术后发生感染,取出假体后未再植入假体。股骨柄和臼杯周围骨溶解的发生率分别为25.9%(35/135)和17.8%(24/135)。股骨柄平均下沉2.1mm(0～7mm)。结论THR术后中远期获得了较满意的效果,但X线片示假体周围骨溶解和股骨假体下沉率远高于假体翻修率,患者虽没有明显的临床症状或症状较轻,仍必须密切进行观察。     

Improved results of primary total hip replacement

Background and purpose Over the past 20 years, several changes in treatment policy and treatment options have taken place regarding hip replacement. For this reason, we wanted to investigate the results after hip replacement in terms of revision rate, during a 21-year period among hip replacements reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register.

Methods 110,882 primary total hip replacements were reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register from 1987 through 2007. Risk of revision during the time periods 1993–1997, 1998–2002, and 2003–2007 was compared to that of the reference period 1987–1992. Adjusted Cox regression analyses were performed to compare the risk of revision in different time periods and extended analyses were done to investigate revision within the first postoperative year and after the first year.

Results There was an overall reduced risk of revision in the time periods 1993–1997, 1998–2002, and 2003–2007 compared to the reference period: RR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.77–0.86), 0.51 (CI 0.47–0.55), and 0.77 (CI 0.68–0.85), respectively. The improved results were due to a marked reduction in aseptic loosening of the femoral and acetabular components in all time periods and in all subgroups of prostheses. A change in the timing of revision took place, with more early revisions and fewer late revisions in the later time periods. Revision due to dislocation and infection increased over time.

Interpretation The risk of revision decreased during the study period, due to fewer cases of aseptic loosening of prosthetic components. The best results were obtained with the use of cemented prostheses. Prevention of dislocation and infection should be a major goal in the future, as revision due to these causes increased during the study period.     

Hip instability after total hip replacement

The number of THA procedures performed each year continues to increase exponentially. With the increase in procedures comes the increase in the number of complications. Instability after THA continues to be reported in the 3–4% range by many authors; so, as the number of procedures increases so will the number of instability occurrences. Knowing the risk factors and an algorithm to treat these patients is paramount to assure the best and most cost-effective means of treatment. An algorithmic approach on how to approach the first-time dislocation to the patient who has recurrent episodes is presented as well as the stepwise approach in diagnosing and approaching the confounding variables that may be at hand behind the cause of the unstable THA patient.