用结核分枝杆菌HSP70启动子构建分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒的研究

目的：用结核分枝杆菌HSP70(Heat shock protein70，HSP70)启动子改建分枝杆菌穿梭质粒pJEM11为分枝杆菌穿梭表达质粒。方法：利用聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction，PCR)扩增H37Rv基因组419607～419835位的HSP70启动子及调控序列，末端引入一个多克隆位点(Multiple clone sites，MCS)，再定向克隆人pJEM11的ApaI位点与XbaI位点之间，构建pJCH02载体，并对载体进行酶切鉴定及序列测定。将lhp-esat6融合基因克隆人pJCH02载体，评价其在BCG中的表达情况。结果：HSP70启动子、调控序列及引入的多克隆位点完全正确，lhp-esat6基因在BCG中成功表达。结论：成功改建穿梭质粒pJEM11为穿梭表达质粒pJCH02。本研究为构建BCG多价疫苗奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv2994基因重组穿梭质粒的构建与鉴定

目的构建结核分枝杆菌假想药物外排泵蛋白编码基因Rv2994的重组穿梭质粒pMV-2994,并对其进行鉴定。方法以结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组为模板,应用PCR技术扩增Rv2994基因编码序列,定向克隆入融合蛋白原核表达载体pGEX-1λT,获得重组表达质粒pGEX-2994,测序鉴定。酶切该基因片段,定向重组入大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭载体pMV261,构建重组质粒pMV-2994,通过限制性内切酶酶切及PCR鉴定。结果从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA中扩增出的Rv2994基因与GenBank公布的序列一致,经过酶切及PCR鉴定,表明Rv2994基因成功插入了pMV261穿梭载体。结论成功构建了重组穿梭质粒pMV-2994,为进一步研究Rv2994基因功能奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌抗原蛋白ESAT-6基因重组穿梭质粒的构建与鉴定

目的　构建分泌性表达结核分枝杆菌抗原蛋白 ESAT- 6的重组卡介苗。方法　分别以卡介苗(BCG)和结核分枝杆菌 H37Rv株基因组 DNA为模板 ,通过 PCR扩增得到约 117bp的 BCGα抗原 (α- Ag)信号肽序列和 2 85 bp的结核杆菌 esat- 6基因序列。将 esat- 6基因与大肠杆菌 -卡介苗穿梭质粒载体 p MV2 6 1重组 ,得到重组质粒 p ME。再将 BCGα- Ag信号肽序列克隆至 p ME中 ,得到重组质粒 p SME。结果　质粒 p SME用双酶切和 PCR扩增鉴定证实 ,克隆基因 α- Ag信号肽序列和 esat- 6正确插入载体 p MV2 6 1。结论　重组质粒 p SME可望在 BCG中分泌性表达结核分枝杆菌的免疫保护性抗原蛋白 ESAT- 6 ,该质粒的构建成功为改造卡介苗、发展新型结核病疫苗奠定了基础     

分泌表达人IL-12基因重组卡介苗菌株的构建和筛选

目的 筛选获得分泌表达人白介素12(IL-12)的基因重组卡介苗菌株.方法 采用PCR反应从pORF-h IL-12载体中扩增得到人IL-12基因的完整序列,克隆入大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌(E.coli-BCG)穿梭载体pMV361中,构建含人IL-12基因的重组质粒rpMV-IL-12.将纯化的rpMV-IL-12电穿孔转化卡介苗(BCG),通过卡那霉素抗性筛选、基因组PCR方法进行初步鉴定,再经热休克诱导表达后,分别收集培养上清液和细菌沉淀,进行SDS-PAGE分析,筛选得到IL-12基因重组BCG(rBCG-12).结果 成功构建含人IL-12基因的大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭质粒rpMV-IL-12,测序结果与GenBank收录序列一致,未发生突变.rpMV-IL-12电穿孔转化BCG,经卡那霉素抗性筛选及基因组DNA的IL-12目的 片段PCR扩增筛选得到rBCG-12重组菌.rBCG-12热休克诱导表达后的SDS-PAGE电泳,从培养上清液中检测到相对分子质量为70×103的蛋白质条带,而细菌沉淀中未见到特异性条带.结论 分泌表达人IL-12蛋白的重组BCG菌株构建、筛选成功.     

αA晶体蛋白基因启动子与HSP70融合基因表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建αA晶体蛋白基因启动子与HSP70融合基因表达载体pαACP-HSP70。方法应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术,从质粒pIRES2-EGFP-HSP70中扩增HSP70基因,将已构建的含αA晶状体蛋白基因特异性启动子活性片段(αACP)的质粒pαACP-IRES2-EGFP双酶切,回收载体片段,利用基因重组技术,将HSP70基因片段定向插入载体启动子αACP之后,构建特异性表达载体,命名为pαACP-HSP70,并通过PCR、酶切和DNA测序进行鉴定。结果构建的pαACP-HSP70质粒通过酶切图谱鉴定、PCR检测有1924 bp条带出现,通过测序显示所克隆的HSP70基因与基因库中的同种序列比较,核苷酸序列有100%的同源性。结论成功构建了晶状体上皮细胞特异性表达载体pαACP-HSP70。     

结核分枝杆菌抗原蛋白ESAT—6基因重组穿梭质粒的构建与鉴定

目的：构建分泌性表达结核分枝杆菌抗原蛋白ESAT－6的重组卡介苗，方法：分别以卡介苗（BCG）和结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板。通过PCR扩增得到的117bp的BCGα抗原（α－Ag)信号肽序列和285bp的结核杆菌esat-6基因序列，将esat-6基因与大肠杆菌－卡介苗穿梭质粒载体pMV261重组，得到重组质粒pME,再将BCGα－Ag信号肽序列克隆至pME中，得到重组质粒pSME。结果：质粒pSME用双酶切和PCR扩增鉴定证实，克隆基因α-Ag信号肽序列和esat-6正确插入载体pMV261，结论：重组质粒pSME可望在BCG中分泌性表达结核分枝杆菌的免疫保护性抗原蛋白ESAT－6，该质粒的构建成功为改造卡介苗，发展新型结核病疫苗奠定了基础。     

人结核杆菌热休克蛋白65重组卡介苗疫苗的构建、表达及鉴定

目的　构建人结核杆菌热休克蛋白 6 5 (HSP6 5 )重组卡介苗 (BCG)疫苗。方法　用PCR技术从BCG基因组中扩增出抗原 85B (Ag85B)的信号肽DNA序列 ,从 pCMV MTHSP 6 5质粒中扩增出HSP6 5全长基因。利用DNA重组技术将以上两个片段插入质粒 pBCG 2 10 0的人结核杆菌HSP70启动子下游 ,构建一个分泌型的原核穿梭表达质粒pBCG SP HSP6 5。利用电穿孔的方法将该质粒转入BCG中 ,经热诱导后 ,用SDS PAG电泳来观察其表达水平。利用Westernblot来检验HSP6 5的生物学活性。结果　酶切鉴定、PCR和测序分析结果表明 ,所克隆的信号肽DNA片段和热休克蛋白 6 5DNA片段与报道结果完全一致 ,重组体的连接方向正确 ,阅读框与预期完全一致。热诱导后 ,重组BCG表达的 6 5kD (1kD =0 992 1ku)蛋白占菌体总蛋白的 35 6 7% ,占裂解物上清总蛋白的 74 0 9% ,表明重组的HSP6 5基因能在BCG中高效表达 ,表达的蛋白大部分以可溶状态存在。通过Westernblot证实分泌的该蛋白能与结核杆菌HSP6 5的抗体特异性结合。结论　成功构建分泌型原核穿梭表达质粒pBCG SP HSP6 5 ,重组的HSP6 5基因能在BCG中高效表达 ,表达的HSP6 5具有生物学活性 ,重组BCG疫苗构建成功。     

hfgl2凝血酶原酶基因5′端调控序列的克隆及生物信息学分析

目的扩增人纤维蛋白原样蛋白2(hfgl2)凝血酶原酶基因5′端调控序列,构建荧光素酶报告基因表达载体,对hfgl2基因5′侧翼启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,预测可能的调控区域及顺式作用元件。方法用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法从人外周血单个核细胞基因组DNA中扩增hfgl2凝血酶原酶基因5′端调控序列,PCR产物酶切后克隆至pGL3-Basic载体,重组质粒行酶切及测序鉴定,使用在线分析软件对5′端调控序列中的转录因子结合位点及启动子序列进行预测。结果扩增了长度为1 567bp的hfgl2凝血酶原酶基因5′端序列,酶切及测序鉴定证实构建的pGL3-hfgl2质粒插入片段正确无误,分析显示该基因序列共含有138个、31种顺式作用元件。结论构建hfgl2基因近端启动子转录调控序列荧光素酶报告基因的表达载体为研究hfgl2的转录调控奠定了基础。     

白藜芦醇合酶基因的克隆与植物表达载体的构建

目的 为获得含有白藜芦醇(Res)的转基因植物,进行了白藜芦醇合酶(RS)基因的克隆、植物表达载体构建的研究.方法 以葡萄为材料,从其叶片中提取基因组DNA,并以此DNA为模板,利用PCR法扩增得到RS基因,将此基因连接到克隆载体PGEM-T Vector,得到重组载体pT-RS;经酶切及测序鉴定后,将RS基因克隆到植物表达载体pB1121,得到重组载体pBI-RS,用PCR及酶切方法进行鉴定.结果 重组质粒pT-RS的测序结果表明,RS基因的片段大小为1.522 kb.将此片段正向插入植物表达载体pB1121的CaMV35s启动子和NOS终止子之间,对重组子进行PCR及酶切鉴定,均得到预期大小的片断,证明RS DNA与质粒pB1121已成功连接,植物表达载体pBI-RS构建正确.结论 成功扩增得到RS基因及成功构植物表达载体pBI-RS,为RS转基因生菜的研究奠定了基础.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.