良性前列腺增生开放手术同时行腹股沟无张力疝修补术26例报告

目的评价在良性前列腺增生(BPH)开放手术的同时行经腹股沟无张力疝修补术的疗效。方法26例伴有可复性腹股沟疝的BPH患者,采用补片修补,行经腹股沟无张力疝修补术,然后按常规方法行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术。结果26例患者均获随访,随访时间为6个月~10年,1例术后14个月出现腹股沟疝复发,复发率3.8%,其他25例未出现感染和腹股沟疝复发。结论在耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术同时行经腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术的手术方法简单,效果肯定,对老年患者更有意义。     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术同时行无张力疝修补术29例报告

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（transurethral resection of the prostate,TURP,联合transurethralelectrovaporization of the prostate,TUVP）同时行无张力疝修补术治疗前列腺增生并腹股沟疝的效果。方法29例前列腺增生合并腹股沟斜疝在硬膜外麻醉下TURP联合TUVP同时行无张力疝修补术。结果 无切口感染,无尿失禁,术后最大尿流率均〉20 ml/s,IPSS评分由术前均〉20分降至术后5～11分。随访6～24个月,平均15个月,无疝复发。结论 同期行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术和无张力疝修补术治疗前列腺增生合并腹股沟斜疝,安全可靠,避免两次手术和两次麻醉的打击,降低医疗费用,有临床推广意义。     

良性前列腺增生并发腹股沟疝同期手术的不同术式比较

目的 :探讨良性前列腺增生 (BPH)并发腹股沟疝的同期手术的最佳术式。方法 :对同期手术治疗的4 1例BPH并发腹股沟疝患者 ,经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)加疝修补术 2 1例 (第 1组 ) ;耻骨上V形切口行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术 (SPP)加疝修补术 6例 (第 2组 ) ;下腹部纵行切口行SPP加腹膜前疝修补术 10例 (第 3组 ) ;下腹部纵行切口行SPP加腹股沟斜切口疝修补术 4例 (第 4组 )。结果 :随访 2个月～ 5年 ,第 3组有 3例疝复发 ,其它各组未见疝复发。手术切口感染及其它手术并发症在各组中均未发生。术后住院时间第 1组明显低于其它各组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :在BPH并发腹股沟疝的同期手术中 ,疝修补术加TURP应为首选 ,如BPH需开放手术 ,采用耻骨上V形切口行SPP加疝修补术为简单有效的术式     

前列腺增生合并腹股沟斜疝的同期手术治疗(附21例报告)

1999年8月至2004年10月，我院采用经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TUVP）同期行腹股沟斜疝修补术，治疗良性前列腺增生合并腹股沟斜疝患者21例，效果满意，报告如下。     

高龄高危良性前列腺增生患者合并腹股沟疝的同期手术治疗体会

目的 探讨高龄高危良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并腹股沟疝的同期手术方法及其治疗效果并总结经验.方法 回顾性分析2006年8月至2011年10月收治的46例高龄高危良性前列腺增生合并腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,采用前列腺选择性绿激光汽化术(PVP)联合经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)处理增生的前列腺组织,选用聚丙烯单丝补片(美国巴德公司)进行腹股沟疝无张力修补术.结果 本组46例随访5～48个月,无一例疝复发,无切口感染、尿失禁、经尿道电切综合征及尿道狭窄.3例出现腹股沟区不适感,2例切口脂肪液化,6例轻度尿路刺激征,4例短暂排尿困难,上述并发症对症处理后治愈.结论 PVP联合TURP加无张力疝修补术处理高龄高危良性前列腺增生患者合并腹股沟疝,一期手术完成,创伤小,出血少,手术时间短,避免了二次麻醉风险和手术打击.     

经尿道前列腺气化术治疗前列腺增生症(附59例报告)

为寻求更安全而有效治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的方法，采用经尿道前列腺气化术（TUVP）治疗BPH59例。结果经尿流改道和充分术前准备后行TUVP，能安全有效地解除前列腺尿道的梗阻，59例排尿功能均恢复良好。3例于术后2年出现尿潴留症状。认为TUVP损伤小、安全性高、疗效确切且并发症少，尤其适用于有严重并发症的高危患者的治疗。     

选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术同期无张力腹股沟疝修补术50例体会

目的 探讨经尿道选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)结合无张力腹股沟疝修补术(Lichtenstein)治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)合并腹股沟疝的有效治疗方法.方法 采用PVP和Lichtenstein疝修补术治疗BPH并腹股沟疝患者50例,33例先行PVP术,再行Lichtenstein疝修补术,17例先行Lichtenstein疝修补术,再行PVP术.结果 所有患者均一次治疗成功,手术时间80～180min,平均90min,其中PVP术30～110min,平均60min,术后排尿困难明显改善,国际前列腺症状评分及最大尿流率、残余尿量较术前明显改善,术后无水中毒、尿失禁、伤口感染、疝复发发生.结论 PVP同期Lichtenstein腹股沟疝修补术是治疗BPH合并腹股沟疝的一种安全有效的方法,可减少麻醉及手术次数,减少住院时间.     

良性前列腺增生及其伴发疾病的同期治疗

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)及其伴发疾病一次性手术治疗方法。方法:对114例合并有腹股沟疝、尿道狭窄、膀胱肿瘤或膀胱结石的BPH患者在行经尿道前列腺电切/汽化术(TURP/TUVP)时,同期行腹股沟疝修补术、尿道内切开术、经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURB t)或膀胱取石术。结果:114例手术全部成功。随访3~60个月,TURP效果良好。30例腹股沟疝和39例膀胱结石均无复发。25例尿道狭窄1例术中血压明显下降,4例术后需继续尿道扩张。20例膀胱肿瘤未见前列腺窝种植转移,6例非原位复发者再次行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。结论:BPH合并腹股沟疝、尿道狭窄、膀胱肿瘤或膀胱结石可一期手术处理。     

经尿道前列腺气化术治疗前列腺增生症(附26例报告)

采用经尿道前列腺气化术（TUVP）治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）患者26例。结果26例患者手术均成功，手术时间为15～60min，灌洗液量为5000～9000ml；术中心电图、血压无改变；术中、术后患者均未输血。24例术后持续行膀胱点滴冲洗36～72h，冲洗液均清亮。术后随访14～21d，IPSS评分为11．24±1．16；随访21～108d，平均75d，无任何并发症。文中对TUVP的手术特点、适应证及注意事项进行了详细的讨论。认为TUVP治疗BPH近期效果好，其远期疗效有待进一步随访观察。     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术联合疝修补术治疗前列腺增生并腹股沟疝20例

我院从2004年4月至2007年6月对20例良性前列腺增生(BPH)并腹股沟疝患者在行经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TUVP)的同时行腹股沟疝修补术,效果满意.现报告如下:     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.