Pancreatic-type hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia secondary to ruptured ovarian cyst: a case report and review of the literature

Background: Although salivary-type hyperamylasemia is known to occur with ovarian pathologies such as salpingitis and adenocarcinoma, pancreatic-type hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia are considered to be highly specific for pancreatitis. Objectives: To discuss the interpretation of hyperamylasemia in the context of acute abdominal pain, implications for management, and to review the literature relating to non-pancreatic causes of hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia. Case Report: We present the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with an acute abdomen and a markedly elevated pancreatic-type amylase and lipase in whom acute pancreatitis was suspected. Further investigations showed that the underlying pathology was actually a ruptured ovarian cyst causing massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage and necessitating emergency laparotomy. Conclusions: This case represents an initial report of pancreatic-type hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia occurring with ovarian pathology and hemoperitoneum. Although these derangements may have been secondary to peritoneal irritation, this case raises the possibility that ovarian tissue is able to secrete large amounts of pancreatic-type amylase and lipase in addition to salivary-type amylase. Clinicians should be aware that simultaneous elevations of both enzymes are not necessarily pathognomic of acute pancreatitis.     

Ovarian cyst rupture causing hemoperitoneum: imaging features and the potential for misdiagnosis

Background: To describe the spectrum of imaging findings and clinical presentations produced after rupture and hemorrhage of an ovarian cyst. Methods: Imaging studies and hospital records of nine patients who were ultimately diagnosed with hemoperitoneum from a ruptured ovarian cyst were reviewed and categorized. Results: Hemoperitoneum from a ruptured ovarian cyst presented a range of imaging findings. Although the imaging findings were dominated by hemoperitoneum, at least a vestige of the cyst could be identified in seven patients. The diagnosis of hemoperitoneum from a ruptured ovarian cyst was favored in only four of nine patients after the initial imaging study. Conclusions: A ruptured ovarian cyst can produce massive hemoperitoneum, with clinical symptomatology and sonographic features that closely mimic those of other disorders, in particular ectopic pregnancy. Considering the likelihood of both clinical and radiologic misdiagnosis, the radiologist should consider and pursue the diagnosis of a ruptured hemorrhagic ovarian cyst in a woman of child-bearing age who presents with pelvic pain and a large amount of complicated intraperitoneal fluid. Received: 12 February 1998/Accepted: 6 May 1998     

Feasibility of laparoscopic management of acute haemoperitoneum secondary to ruptured ovarian cysts in a haemodynamically unstable patient

Abstract

Acute haemoperitoneum in patients with coagulation disorders or those under anticoagulation therapy is a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Since radiological imaging is often insufficient for establishing the origin of the bleeding, a laparoscopic approach can be considered before a laparotomy is performed in haemodynamically unstable patients. A 32-year-old woman receiving coumadin therapy presented with acute lower abdominal complaints. Due to suspicion of a tubo-ovarian abscess after the initial ultrasound, a conservative treatment was administered. A routine blood count after 12 hours showed a significant reduction in haemoglobin. During the CT scan, the patient developed unstable haemodynamics. Based on deteriorating coagulation parameters, mass transfusion and stabilization of the coagulation were performed but were not successful. Therefore an interventional laparoscopy was performed and a ruptured ovarian cyst was found to be the cause of bleeding. A ruptured ovarian cyst might be the cause of an acute abdomen and haemoperitoneum in young women. Therefore cyclus anamnesis and the exclusion of other obvious reasons for acute mass bleeding, i.e. ectopic pregnancy, can justify the laparoscopic approach after stabilization of the coagulation parameters. Long-term combined oral contraceptive therapy is indispensable for the prevention of these sorts of bleeding complications.     

腹腔镜手术治疗巨大卵巢囊肿

目的探讨卵巢巨大囊肿的腹腔镜手术方式。方法收集该院1997年1月-2003年10月5例在腹腔镜下行卵巢巨大囊肿手术患者的临床资料。分析其临床表现、术前诊断、手术方式。结果根据术前囊肿性质、彩色B超及肿瘤标记物检查，可初步判定卵巢囊肿的良恶性。腹腔镜术中先行穿刺放液以缩小囊肿体积．为腹腔镜手术创造条件。结论现代腹腔镜技术适用于任何体积的卵巢良性囊性肿瘤。     

不同手术方案对卵巢子宫内膜异位症囊肿患者卵巢储备功能的影响

目的探讨不同手术方案对卵巢子宫内膜异位症囊肿患者卵巢储备功能的影响。方法以该院2011年1月至2013年1月收治的90例卵巢内膜异位囊肿患者为研究对象,根据患者最终的手术方案,分为腹腔镜-电凝组（42例）、腹腔镜-缝合组（23例）和开腹手术组（25倒）,比较3组患者术后内分泌激素指标、超声检查指标和卵巢功能预测指标之间的差异。结果在内分泌指标的比较中,电凝组和缝合组在卵泡刺激素（FSH）、雌二醇（E2）和FSH／黄体生成素（LH）方面均优于开腹手术组,电凝组和缝合组之间未见明显差异。在超声检查中,缝合组在卵巢间质血流检查和卵巢形态学检查中,缝合组患者阻力指数、搏动指数、窦卵泡计数和卵巢直径均得到了比电凝组更积极的结果。而在新型卵巢功能评估指标的比较中,缝合组患者血清抑制素B及抗缪勒管激素水平高于电凝组。结论腹腔镜-缝合法比腹腔镜-电凝法和开腹手术对卵巢储备功能的影响更小。     

超声引导下穿刺治疗卵巢单纯性子宫内膜异位囊肿

目的 探讨在超声引导下经腹或经阴道对卵巢囊肿穿刺治疗的应用价值。方法 ２５例（２７个）卵巢囊性肿物（１４个子宫内膜异位囊肿和１３个单纯性囊肿）在超声引导下经腹或经阴道穿刺抽液,注入无水乙醇治疗,观察２年。结果 ２７个囊肿,消失２３个,１个明显养活减小,２个复发,１个巨大单纯性囊肿行穿刺术３天后手术。治疗总有效率２４／２７（８８.８９％）。结论 经腹或经阴道超声引导穿刺治疗卵巢囊性肿物是有效且相对安全的。     

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a potentially fatal complication of early pregnancy

We present the case of a patient who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) 48 h after successful in vitro fertilization with abdominal pain, hypotension, and free fluid on an ED-focused abdominal sonogram for trauma study. This presentation is typical of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS), a diagnosis that may be unfamiliar to many Emergency Physicians. With the increasing frequency of in vitro fertilization procedures, this disease process is becoming more common. Numerous complications can occur with OHSS, including third-space fluid accumulation, hemoconcentration, renal failure, and thromboembolic phenomena. Vigilance is required as these patients are at increased risk of ovarian torsion, ovarian rupture with internal hemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy, and infection. This case report provides an overview of clinical features and emergent management of OHSS.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床价值

目的探究彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床价值,以期为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法以2017年2月至2020年2月46例收治的疑似卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者作为研究对象,患者均接受CDFI以及病理检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果46例疑似卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者的麻花状绳状、血管蒂类型检出率为47.83%,盆腔游离液性暗区检出率为52.17%,囊肿直径≤8 cm的检出率为78.26%,囊壁厚度>0.85 cm检出率为50.00%,囊性肿块检出率为80.43%。疑似卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者经CDFI检查的卵巢黏液性腺囊瘤、卵巢浆液囊腺瘤、卵巢囊性畸胎瘤、卵巢黄体囊肿、卵巢巧克力囊肿、单纯卵巢囊肿检出率与病理诊断结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CDFI诊断卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的灵敏度为90.91%,特异度为100.00%,准确度为91.30%。结论CDFI应用在卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者的诊断中,有着较高的灵敏度、特异度、准确度,可较好地检出疾病,且可鉴别诊断疾病的具体类型,为患者疾病的确诊以及治疗方案的制定提供参考依据。     

Free echogenic pelvic fluid: correlation with hemoperitoneum.

Echogenic fluid is an important extrauterine finding of ectopic pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine how accurately echogenic fluid correlates with hemoperitoneum at surgery. Transvaginal sonography was performed in 831 consecutive patients referred to rule out ectopic pregnancy over a 36 month period. Scans were retrospectively evaluated for the presence or absence and echogenicity of free pelvic fluid. Subsequently, 185 patients had a laparotomy or laparoscopy and had documentation of the presence or absence of hemoperitoneum. On transvaginal sonography 125 patients had echogenic fluid, 30 patients had anechoic fluid, and 30 patients had no fluid. Of the 125 patients with echogenic fluid, 122 (98%) patients had hemoperitoneum; none of the patients with anechoic fluid or no detected fluid had hemoperitoneum (0%). Echogenic fluid had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value of 98%, and an accuracy of 98% for detecting hemoperitoneum. This study demonstrates that echogenic fluid detected by transvaginal ultrasonography accurately correlates with hemoperitoneum detected at surgery in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy.     

Torsion of a giant omental cyst mimicking ascites

We report a case of omental cyst in an 11-month-old infant. The cyst occupied nearly the whole abdomen and mimicked massive ascites on sonography. The correct preoperative diagnosis was achieved through the use of CT, and partial torsion of a huge omental cyst was found at surgery. The diagnostic role of sonography and CT in ascites of unknown etiology is emphasized.     

Sonographic appearance of ruptured ovarian cyst in the neonatal period

Rupture is a rare complication of ovarian cysts diagnosed during the prenatal period. We present a case that focuses on the postnatal sonographic appearance of rupture of an ovarian cyst after vaginal delivery. Histopathologic correlation is provided. The main sonographic features include complicated ascites and a collapsed cystic structure in the abdomen. Ruptured ovarian cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained ascites in a newborn girl.     

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome as a Growing Diagnostic Problem in Emergency Department Settings: A Case Report

Background

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common complication of an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, which is usually clinically insignificant. However, without monitoring, it can progress into a life-threatening condition. With the increasing popularity of IVF technology, patients with OHSS may begin visiting emergency departments (EDs) more frequently.

Retrorectal dermoid cyst in a male adult: case report

We describe a 48-year-old male patient who presented with rectal fullness and pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic studies revealed a noncalcified, unilocular, cystic mass lesion with well-defined borders. On MRI nondependent fat spheres were detected inside the cyst. The same pattern has been described in dermoid cyst of the ovary. We suggest that this MRI pattern is specific to dermoid cysts.     

妇科急腹症时腹腔镜手术的应用

目的：探讨妇科急腹症时应用腹腔镜手术的价值。方法：对1992年6月-2000年12月间的638例妇科急腹症患者。应用腹腔镜手术情况进行回顾分析。结果：638例妇科急腹症患者均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术。无术中术后并发症且在短期内得到恢复。结论：妇科急腹症时应用腹腔镜技术有诊断治疗双重意义。值得推荐应用。     

Spontaneously ruptured hepatic cyst treated with laparoscopic deroofing and cystobiliary communication closure: A case report

The rupture of a nonparasitic hepatic cyst with biliary communication is rare. We report the case of a patient with a hepatic cyst with biliary communication that spontaneously ruptured and was successfully treated by laparoscopic deroofing and closure of the communication. A 61‐year‐old woman presented at our hospital with a chief complaint of right upper abdominal pain. Enhanced abdominal CT showed a collapsed hepatic cyst and fluid collection. Drip infusion CT cholangiography showed contrast medium pooling in the collapsed cyst. Therefore, hepatic cyst rupture with biliary communication was diagnosed, and laparoscopic deroofing and closure of the communication were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 6. In cases of hepatic cyst rupture, even in the presence of biliary communication, laparoscopic deroofing and closure of the communication should be recommended as the first‐choice treatment.     

Laparoscopic management of recurrent rupture of an adnexal mass in the second trimester of pregnancy: A case report

We present the case of a patient who developed an acute abdomen after recurrent rupture of an ovarian cyst in the first trimester of pregnancy. After the third rupture and recurrence of the cyst, we performed laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy at 13 weeks of gestation. She went on to deliver a healthy neonate via elective cesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recurrent rupturing ovarian cyst during pregnancy. Our patient's case suggests that idiopathic recurrent rupture of an ovarian cyst can occur during early pregnancy. Careful follow‐up and timely surgical intervention for recurrent rupture of an ovarian cyst are needed in order to reduce the risk of pregnancy loss.     

Intracystic hemorrhage in a non-endometriotic mullerian vaginal cyst

The commonest type of simple vaginal cyst is the Mullerian cyst. These are typically lined by columnar epithelium and contain serous or mucinous fluid. If blood is found in the cyst, the source is usually due to the presence of endometrial elements in the cyst wall. The cyst is then termed an endometriotic cyst. In this case report, we have described a woman with a symptomatic 3 cm upper vaginal cyst who underwent surgical excision of the cyst. The cyst cavity was found to be full of old dark blood and mucous, however the wall contained no endometrial tissue and was lined by columnar epithelium which stained positive for mucous with mucicarmine. No cause for the intracystic hemorrhage was identified. We conclude that intracystic hemorrhage can occur in a simple Mullerian vaginal cyst in the absence of endometrial components.     

87例腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥出术的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥出术的操作要领及其临床应用价值。方法对87例卵巢囊肿进行腹腔镜下剥出手术,严格把握操作要领。根据囊肿或肿瘤的性质、大小不同而采取不尽相同的操作方法,单侧剥出者68例,双侧剥出者19例。结果87例患者均未发生明显并发症,无一例中转开腹。结论腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥出术创伤小,术后恢复快并发症少,集诊断与治疗为一体,临床应用价值比较肯定。     

CT引导下卵巢囊肿穿刺硬化治疗的探讨

目的总结CT引导下穿刺硬化剂治疗卵巢囊肿的方法及治疗效果。方法22例卵巢囊肿在CT定位下经皮穿刺抽吸,行无水乙醇反复冲洗法硬化剂治疗,其中单纯囊肿18例,巧克力囊肿4例,用18～22G穿刺针抽吸,注入99.7%无水乙醇。抽出囊液量为30～500ml,注射量为抽出量的25%～30%。术后每隔3个月复查,随访其疗效。结果22例病人囊肿均穿刺成功,随访3个月到1年,复查见16例囊肿消失,6例囊肿缩小50%以上(包括4例巧克力囊肿),有效率100%,无严重并发症。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺硬化剂治疗卵巢囊肿是一种安全,有效的治疗方法,具有较高的临床实用价值。     

Ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst with anaphylactic shock and pneumothorax

Hydatid cyst is a disease caused by a parasitic tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus, and most commonly involves liver and lung. Ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst can present a diagnostic challenge, and radiograph can be inconclusive. Anaphylactic reaction is a rare complication of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst. A 22-year-old male came to our emergency department in shock with symptoms of shortness of breath and altered mental status from the previous day. Radiograph showed a thin-walled circular translucent area in the right upper lung field, which was misdiagnosed as pneumothorax, and an intercostal chest tube was inserted. After 5 days, repeat radiograph revealed a cavity with an air/fluid level. The chest tube was removed and contrast-enhanced computed tomogram showed a cavity with water-lily sign, which suggests ruptured hydatid cyst. Immunoglobin-G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Echinococcus was positive. The patient responded well to treatment with crystalloid infusion, supplemental oxygen, and albendazole, and then underwent surgery. Anaphylactic reaction due to rupture of a hydatid cyst is rare, but hydatid disease should be suspected in patients from areas where Echinococcus is endemic.