子宫动脉栓塞术治疗特殊类型异位妊娠临床价值探讨

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术在治疗特殊类型异位妊娠中的临床价值。方法:对17例诊断明确的特殊类型异位妊娠患者(宫颈妊娠4例、剖宫产后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠13例)行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,术后1～3天行刮宫或清宫等手术治疗。结果:17例患者共成功栓塞34根子宫动脉,栓塞后均行刮宫或清宫术,术中平均出血40ml,胚胎组织易于剥离。所有患者血β-HCG术后2.5周恢复正常。术后并发症主要为下腹部疼痛(17例),恶心、呕吐(5例),发热(4例)。结论:子宫动脉栓塞术可安全、有效阻断宫颈妊娠和剖宫产后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠这两种特殊类型异位妊娠孕囊的血供,降低刮宫或清宫术中及术后子宫大出血的可能性。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠相关问题探讨

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)辅助治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠(CSP)的临床效果及相关问题处理对策。方法:51例CSP病例,扩刮宫术(D&C)前采用明胶海绵进行UAE,术后观察终止妊娠术中出血量、术后并发症、血hCG下降情况、超声检测子宫异常妊娠局部情况及费用等。结果:38例UAE后行扩刮宫术(A组),10例行UAE+D&C术前已应用药物治疗(天花粉3例,氨甲喋呤7例)(B组)。3例患者直接扩刮宫术时因大出血行子宫腔填塞术,同时施行紧急UAE(C组)。血β-hCG恢复正常值时间、术中出血量A、B组间均无差异;A组住院时间和治疗总费用远低于B组,P<0.01。结论:终止剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠术前采用UAE辅助治疗,具有疗效确切、安全、住院时间短等特点,有条件的医院可选择先行UAE再刮宫治疗方案。     

剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的早期诊断与治疗

目的:探讨剖宫产术后疤痕妊娠(CSP)的早期诊断和最佳治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的15例CSP及1998年以来美国Medline收集的有关CSP的英文发表的病例报道29篇,共46例。结果:CSP的发生率1/1800-2216。有47．8％在妊娠早期表现为阴道少量出血及或下腹隐痛。28．3％在人工流产或刮宫术中或术后大出血或反复出血,重复超声检查方确诊。4．3％在妊娠3个月出现自发子宫破裂。1例为第1次诊为CSP,保守治疗成功,但于3个月后再次妊娠,于孕38周时,子宫破裂死亡。20例行单纯氨甲喋呤(methotrexate,MTX)治疗,总成功率为85％。21．7％行经腹子宫切开妊娠物取出术及疤痕修补术。34．8％行子宫动脉栓塞,栓塞后期待疗法或联合MTX或手术治疗均无1例大出血发生。结论:CSP发生率呈上升趋势。超声检查使其早期诊断成为可能。子宫动脉栓塞为首选,能迅速止血或预防出血。单纯MTX药物治疗可以有效终止妊娠,但潜在有子宫破裂的危险。手术切除妊娠组织及疤痕修补,有利于hCG恢复及再次妊娠。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗剖宫产后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠46例临床疗效分析

目的:探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗剖宫产后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠的价值。方法:对四川大学华西第二医院2008年3月至2010年3月剖宫产后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠行双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗的46例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:45例治疗有效,有效率97.8%(45/46)。36例患者介入治疗后行清宫术,35例术中和术后均无大出血,1例患者在栓塞治疗后22天因大出血切除子宫;另10例未行清宫术。所有患者血β-HCG平均1月降至正常,同时超声检查也恢复正常。术后并发症主要为发热(19例)和局部疼痛(41例)。结论:子宫动脉栓塞术是一种安全、有效治疗剖宫产后子宫瘢痕部位妊娠的方法。     

剖宫产术后子宫疤痕妊娠的诊治进展

剖宫产术后子宫疤痕妊娠是一种罕见的、发生机制不明的异常妊娠。早期诊断可以避免失血性休克、子宫破裂等严重并发症的发生。主要诊断方法是经阴道超声检查;而治疗方法主要有全身及局部药物治疗、刮宫术、局部病灶切除加修补术、子宫动脉栓塞术等,以达到终止妊娠、减少严重并发症的目的。     

不同途径彩色多普勒超声诊断剖宫产瘢痕妊娠44例比较分析

目的:探讨3种不同途径的彩色多普勒超声诊断方法对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)诊断的准确性。方法:选择2009年1月至2013年12月,泰山医学院附属医院以及泰安市中心医院共收治经临床以及术后病理证实的CSP患者44例,根据彩色多普勒超声的不同途径分为经腹组(13例)、经阴道组(17例)、经腹联合经阴道组(14例),比较3组的诊断准确率和误诊率,以及误诊导致的误治情况。结果:1经腹组诊断准确8例(61.5%),误诊5例(38.5%);经阴道组诊断准确13例(76.5%),误诊4例(23.5%),经腹联合经阴道组诊断准确13例(92.9%),误诊1例(7.1%)。210例误诊患者中,经腹组误诊为稽留流产的3例患者以及经阴道组误诊为稽留流产的1例患者口服戊酸雌二醇后行负压吸引术时发生大出血,其中3例术后给予纱条填塞宫腔压迫方止血,另1例因出血难以控制中转开腹行局部病灶切除术加子宫修补术。经腹组误诊为宫颈妊娠的2例患者,经阴道组误诊为宫颈妊娠的3例患者以及经腹部联合阴道组误诊为宫颈妊娠的1例患者均行子宫动脉栓塞术并动脉内注射甲氨蝶呤,然后行负压吸引术,方治疗成功。结论:经腹联合经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查较经腹及经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查的诊断准确率高,而误诊率最低,推荐临床上选择经腹联合经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查作为诊断CSP检查方法。     

剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕妊娠的临床治疗研究

目的:探讨剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕妊娠的临床治疗方法方法:选取2009年2月至2010年11月于我院就诊的剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕妊娠患者16例,其中4例患者服用甲氨蝶呤(MTX)+米非司酮行药物治疗,5例患者行行子宫病灶切除术,6例患者行子宫动脉栓塞术后行清宫术,1例行子宫全切术结果:行药物治疗的4例患者中3例保守治疗成功,1例后行子宫病灶切除术,行手术治疗的患者均治愈出院结论:药物治疗、子宫病灶切除术、子宫动脉栓塞+清宫术、子宫全切术治疗子宫切口瘢痕妊娠均有一定疗效,根据患者病情,选择适当的治疗方法,能改善患者病情,提高治愈率。     

剖宫产后切口妊娠的临床诊治分析

目的:研究剖宫产后子宫切口妊娠的临床表现及治疗方法等特征,为临床医生早期诊断、早期处理本病提供依据。方法:对25例患者的病史、临床表现、诊断方法以及治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果:25例患者中有23例经阴道超声检查或彩色多普勒超声检查确诊;本病初诊误诊19例,误诊率76%,25例患者中保守治疗22例,21例痊愈,占95.45%;2例治疗失败而行全子宫切除术。结论:有剖宫产史的妇女因停经就诊时,要常规行阴道超声检查,对阴道超声怀疑切口妊娠的病例,有必要行彩色多普勒超声检查;彩色多普勒超声检查可作为诊断切口妊娠的主要方法;甲氨蝶呤加清宫术可作为治疗切口妊娠的主要方法,可有效地避免子宫切除。     

评价经阴道超声及磁共振成像联合数字减影血管造影技术在早期剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊治中的作用

目的:探讨经阴道超声(TVS)及磁共振成像(MRI)联合数字减影血管造影技术(DSA)在早期剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)诊治中的应用价值。方法:选择我院收治的临床拟诊CSP患者23例,停经时间41~49天,分别行TVS、MRI、DSA检查,所有患者行子宫动脉栓塞术,术后TVS随访。结果:1TVS明确诊断CSP 17例,不能明确诊断6例,其中3例于子宫下段见孕囊回声,不能明确孕囊与瘢痕的位置关系;3例包块周边环状血流信号不明显,不能除外难免流产孕囊滞留于瘢痕处。MRI检查23例均明确诊断。2所有患者行DSA下子宫动脉栓塞术,手术成功。术后3天TVS检查:2例孕囊自行排出,1例包块完全吸收,15例见包块缩小且周围血流信号明显减少,5例包块未见明显缩小但周围血流信号明显减少。314例于治疗后1周行刮宫手术,手术顺利,术中术后24小时出血量60~155 ml;6例经MRI诊断包块位于肌层的患者未行刮宫术,密切随访血β-HCG及TVS,包块于栓塞术后4~10周后完全吸收。结论:TVS是CSP的首选诊断方法及子宫动脉栓塞术后评价疗效的方法,当超声检查不能明确诊断时,MRI是必要的辅助手段。DSA下行子宫动脉栓塞术对于早期CSP是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠20例临床治疗分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的临床特点、早期诊断及治疗方法。方法对煤炭总医院2010年4月至2014年4月收治的20例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果超声确诊19例,1例B超可疑葡萄胎清宫后确诊瘢痕妊娠。4例单纯行清宫术;13例甲氨蝶呤+米非司酮治疗后行清宫术;1例清宫+米非司酮;2例阴道大出血患者行子宫动脉栓塞止血,其中1例行清宫术,另1例行清宫后结合MRI检查明确病灶与膀胱的关系,行开腹子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除术加子宫修补术。结论有剖宫产史的妇女因停经就诊时,要常规行超声检查,结合MRI检查可进一步明确诊断。子宫动脉栓塞可以迅速止血,药物加清宫可作为治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠的主要方法,必要时行子宫瘢痕病灶切除加子宫修补等治疗措施。     

Cesarean scar pregnancy: quantitative assessment of uterine neovascularization with 3-dimensional color power Doppler imaging and successful treatment with uterine artery embolization

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a 3-dimensional virtual organ computer-aided analysis imaging system for the monitoring of the quantification of changes of uterine neovascularization before and after successful treatment with uterine artery embolization in cesarean scar pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A case of cesarean scar pregnancy that was associated with extensive uterine neovascularization was diagnosed at 8 weeks of gestation with the 3-dimensional virtual organ computer-aided analysis imaging system. After appropriate counseling, a bilateral uterine arteries embolization procedure was performed with nonresorbable microspheres by interventional radiologists. RESULTS: The gestational cystic mass at the site of previous cesarean scar completely disappeared at the follow-up examination 3 months later. CONCLUSION: A 3-dimensional virtual organ computer-aided analysis imaging system can be used for the monitoring of the quantification of changes of uterine neovascularization before and after successful treatment with uterine artery embolization in cesarean scar pregnancy.     

甲氨蝶呤联合子宫动脉栓塞术后定点吸胚术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠51例临床分析

目的:探讨甲氨蝶呤(MTX)预处理联合子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)后超声引导下定点吸胚术治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的临床疗效和最佳给药方法。方法:回顾性分析首都医科大学附属朝阳医院2011年1月—2014年12月收治的采用MTX预处理联合UAE后超声引导下定点吸胚术治疗的51例CSP患者资料,按MTX不同给药方式分为3组。A组(23例):MTX全身用药后行UAE,然后行定点吸胚术;B组(11例):MTX子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞(UACE)后行定点吸胚术;C组(17例):MTX全身用药联合UACE,再行定点吸胚术。比较各组患者的基本信息、治疗前情况和术中情况,并评估治疗效果指标。结果:3组患者均一次性手术成功,无需腹腔镜手术等二次处理,无膀胱损伤、子宫穿孔和子宫切除等并发症发生。3组患者出血量、手术时间、血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚单位(β-hCG)转阴时间、包块吸收时间、手术成功率和并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。B组的住院时间和住院费用较另2组减少,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。孕囊或包块最大直径在Logistic回归模型中有统计学意义(OR=1.094,95%CI:1.012～1.183,P=0.024)。结论:MTX预处理联合UAE后定点吸胚术疗效确切、手术难度小、创伤小且花费少,可广泛用于治疗内生型和外生型CSP,推荐UACE作为术前预处理的首选方式,该方法对于病灶最大直径<4.3 cm的患者更安全。     

子宫动脉栓塞术在子宫瘢痕妊娠治疗中的利弊

子宫瘢痕妊娠是指既往有剖宫产史或宫腔操作史的女性，再次妊娠时胚胎组织种植于子宫瘢痕处，发病率呈逐年升高的趋势，对母婴两者的危害程度相对较高。随着子宫动脉栓塞术（uterine artery embolism，UAE）在治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠方面的广泛应用，展现出减少出血、保留子宫、降低死亡率等显著优势的同时，逐渐显露出一些严重不良的并发症，如疼痛、闭经、宫腔粘连和生殖功能降低等。目前的治疗效果仍不理想，通过阐明UAE在子宫瘢痕妊娠治疗过程中的利弊，以期通过改善UAE技术达到更好的治疗效果。     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠两种保守性治疗方法疗效比较

目的 比较剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的两种保守治疗方法的疗效。方法 回顾性分析杭州师范大学附属医院2009年1月至2012年12月收治的51例CSP患者,根据治疗方法的不同分为两组：化疗组为甲氨蝶呤（MTX）治疗后行清宫术30例;介入组为子宫动脉MTX灌注加栓塞后清宫术21例。比较两组的治疗疗效、术中出血量、住院天数、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）转为正常的时间以及不良反应发生的情况。 结果 介入组保守治疗成功率（95.2%）高于化疗组（56.7%）（P＜0.05）,介入组住院时间[（11.8±2.7）d]明显短于化疗组[(23.2±5.2)d]（P＜0.05）,但介入组不良反应的发生率(71.4%)高于化疗组(13.3%)（P＜0.05）。介入组出血量[(23.5±7.1)mL]与化疗组[(20.1±6.9)mL]比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,介入组血HCG恢复正常的时间[(23.0±2.6)d]与化疗组[(23.8±3.0)d]比较差异也无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 MTX治疗后行清宫术不失为有效的治疗方法,而子宫动脉MTX灌注加栓塞后清宫术更快捷,疗效更明显。     

29例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊断及治疗方式的探讨

目的探讨子宫下段剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的临床发病特点、诊断标准及其治疗策略的选择,为临床合理诊治提供依据。方法收集2007年1月至2010年6月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院妇科病房收治的29例子宫下段剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者的临床资料,分析其临床发病特点、诊断及其治疗过程。结果子宫下段剖宫产瘢痕妊娠发病率为1.43/1000次妊娠。29例患者均有停经,27例(93.10%)患者有不同程度的阴道出血,其中19例(65.52%)患者出血总量超过500ml,5例(17.24%)患者因失血过多致失血性休克,26例(89.66%)患者血β-hCG(14.03～200000U/L)水平升高。29例均由盆腔三维彩色多普勒超声检测诊断,诊断准确率100%。治疗方法中,药物治疗23例(成功3例,成功率10.34%),清宫术7例,双侧髂内动脉栓塞或结扎21例,剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病灶切除术18例。治疗后监测血β-hCG水平恢复正常时间为2～7周,平均(4.01±0.23)周,无严重不良反应。结论子宫下段剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的治疗方法多样化,其中甲氨蝶呤药物联合双侧髂内动脉结扎和剖宫产瘢痕妊娠病灶切除手术方法出血较少且疗效显著。应争取早期确诊,并及时选择合理的治疗方法。     

剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕妊娠不同治疗方法的研究

目的:比较剖宫产术后切口瘢痕妊娠不同治疗方法的有效性。方法:90例切口瘢痕妊娠分为3组:甲氨蝶呤(MTX)组30例、穿刺组30例、介入组30例。用化学发光法检测各组血β-hCG值,B超监测切口瘢痕血流指数,比较各组治疗后血β-hCG、切口瘢痕血流指数、血细胞的变化情况,以及各组的住院时间和转经时间。结果:①介入组血β-hCG下降最快,治疗1周后比原基础值下降80%,而以后则下降缓慢。其次是穿刺组,MTX组血β-hCG下降最慢。②介入组治疗后1～2周,切口瘢痕血流指数明显小于术前。③各组治疗前平均血红蛋白为116.4±8.74g/L、白细胞为6.56±1.99×109/L;治疗后2周平均血红蛋白为113.4±11.6g/L、白细胞为7.35±2.77×109/L,各组血细胞的变化均无明显差异(P>0.05)。④各组住院时间:MTX组38.4±8.4d、穿刺组33.5±4.0d、介入组16.4±7.9d,3组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。⑤转经时间:MTX组60.0±9.6d、穿刺组50.7±6.5d、介入组36.7±16.7d,3组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:子宫动脉栓塞术加刮宫术的介入方法明显比单纯MTX或孕囊穿刺术的效果好,缩短了住院时间,月经恢复也较快,子宫动脉栓塞术加刮宫术是目前值得推广应用的技术。     

Pregnancy outcomes after treatment for fibromyomata: uterine artery embolization versus laparoscopic myomectomy

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare pregnancy outcomes in women with fibromyomata who were treated with uterine artery embolization to the outcomes in women who were treated with laparoscopic myomectomy. STUDY DESIGN: We compiled data from 53 pregnancies after uterine artery embolization and 139 pregnancies after laparoscopic myomectomy. We calculated and compared rates for spontaneous abortion, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, small for gestational age, and malpresentation. RESULTS: Pregnancies after uterine artery embolization had higher rates of preterm delivery (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.4, 27.7) and malpresentation (odds ratio, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.0, 20.5) than did pregnancies after laparoscopic myomectomy. The risks of postpartum hemorrhage (odds ratio, 6.3; 95% CI, 0.6, 71.8) and spontaneous abortion (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8, 3.9) after uterine artery embolization were similarly higher than the risks after laparoscopic myomectomy; however, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Pregnancies in women with fibromyomata who were treated by uterine artery embolization, compared with pregnancies after laparoscopic myomectomy, were at increased risk for preterm delivery and malpresentation.     

剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠止血方法的临床分析

目的:探讨剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)出血的止血方法及其适应证。方法:对95例CSP出血患者依据止血方法不同分为4组,A组采用纱条填塞压迫宫腔下段及切口处止血;B组采用Foley导管压迫宫腔下段及切口处止血;C组采用经腹或腹腔镜下病灶切除术止血;D组采用子宫动脉栓塞术(uterine artery embolization,UAE)止血。回顾性分析其临床资料。结果:患者治疗前估计出血量、停经天数、治疗前血β-hCG值、超声显示孕囊或胚胎组织物3径线之和的平均数,超声显示妊娠物距浆膜面的组织厚度4组间的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后的出血量和治疗前后血红蛋白(Hb)的变化值,4组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:4种止血方法在治疗中均成功止血,临床工作中依据患者病情的不同需要,可以独立应用,也可以同时或交叉应用,并结合以往的临床经验,对患者采取个性化的治疗,可达到保留患者的生育能力、减少出血等并发症效果。     

The obstetrical history in patients with Pfannenstiel scar endometriomas--an analysis of 81 patients

INTRODUCTION: The participation of immune tolerance during pregnancy was suggested to be an important factor predisposing to the implantation of decidual cells after cesarean section in Pfannenstiel scar. Delivery at term is related to the termination of immune tolerance to fetal antigens that is maintained throughout pregnancy. Substantial proportion of cesarean section deliveries is performed before the onset of true term labor. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical symptoms of spontaneous beginning of labor in pregnant women in whom cesarean sections were performed and in whom Pfannenstiel scar endometriomas were observed during follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have retrospectively analyzed 81 patients following the surgical removal of scar endometrioma after cesarean section. Obstetrical histories of cesarean sections in the number of 5,370 preceding the occurrence of the scar endometrioma were analyzed. These data were collected in six different Gynecological and Obstetrical wards in Malopolska Province in Poland. Analysis of data was started by the retrospective evaluation of regular uterine contractions, uterine cervix ripening before cesarean section and the indications for surgery. RESULTS: In 67 women from the group of 81 patients cesarean sections were performed with unripe uterine cervix and without the presence of regular uterine contractions. Elective indications for cesarean sections were predominant in this group of women. The relative risk of scar endometriomas occurrence following cesarean sections performed before onset of labor in comparison to cesarean sections following spontaneous onset of labor was statistically significantly higher [RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.21-3.83; OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.22-3.89]. CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean section performed before spontaneous onset of labor may increase substantially the risk of occurrence of scar endometriomas.     

Subsequent pregnancy outcome after conservative treatment of a previous cesarean scar pregnancy

BACKGROUND: To assess pregnancy course and outcome after conservative treatment of a cesarean scar pregnancy. METHODS: During an 8-year period, 15 cases of cesarean scar pregnancies were diagnosed at our institution. Seven of the 14 patients for whom we successfully preserved the uterus became pregnant within 3 years after termination of the scar pregnancy. The year of diagnosis, conservative method and gestational age for these five patients were recorded. Delivery method, time interval between the scar pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy, and maternal and neonatal outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Seven pregnancies (eight live and one dead baby) were noted. The mean interval between the ectopic pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy was 13.3 months (range 0-34 months). One patient, who became pregnant 3 months after the scar pregnancy was found, suffered uterine rupture at 38.3 weeks' gestational age. Two patients with placental accrete, and one of them who continued the existing intrauterine twin pregnancy after transvaginal sono-guided aspiration of the scar pregnancy received a cesarean hysterectomy at 32 weeks of gestation. The remaining four pregnancies were uneventful, followed by early cesarean sections at 36 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results of this first series of seven subsequent pregnancies after conservative treatment of scar pregnancies are promising. An early cesarean section before over-extension of the uterus and spontaneous labor can help to prevent uterine rupture. Placenta accrete is another severe morbidity of these patients in addition to uterine rupture. Thus a cesarean hysterectomy may be the choice of treatment.