体外受精-胚胎移植周期中不同天数和发育阶段囊胚移植妊娠结局的比较

目的:寻找体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗中选择合适时期和高质量囊胚进行移植的依据。方法:回顾性分析行囊胚移植的4 237例患者的临床资料,其中新鲜单囊胚移植1 574例,冻融单囊胚移植854例,新鲜双囊胚移植135例,冻融双囊胚移植1 674例。根据囊胚发育天数和发育阶段分为第5日(D5)早期组、D5扩张组、第6日(D6)早期组和D6扩张组。比较各组临床妊娠率、种植率、妊娠结局和新生儿情况等各项指标。结果:①单囊胚移植:新鲜周期D5扩张组临床妊娠率和种植率显著高于其它组,其活产率显著高于D6早期组和D6扩张组,流产率明显低于D6扩张组(P0.05);冻融周期D5扩张组具有较高的复苏率、临床妊娠率和种植率显著高于D5早期组和D6早期组(P0.05);②双囊胚移植:D5移植2枚扩张期囊胚的种植率显著高于D5移植2枚早期囊胚,其他各组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);冻融周期D5扩张组移植2枚囊胚种植率最高,且临床妊娠率显著高于D5早期组,而流产率明显低于后者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于单囊胚移植和双囊胚移植,无论新鲜周期或冻融周期,D5扩张组囊胚妊娠结局最佳。     

新鲜周期单囊胚移植314例临床结局

目的 探讨新鲜周期单囊胚移植(single blastocyst transfer,SBT)的可行性。方法 回顾性分析314个新鲜周期行SBT患者的临床资料,从年龄、囊胚分级等方面比较分析临床结局。结果 妊娠组患者的年龄显著低于未妊娠组(P0.001);选择性SBT(elective SBT,eSBT)组的临床妊娠率显著高于非选择性SBT(non-elective SBT,non-eSBT)组(P0.05);年龄≤35岁的患者,eSBT组的临床妊娠率与双囊胚移植(double blastocyst transfer,DBT)组无统计学差异,但多胎妊娠率显著降低(P0.001);而35岁的患者,eSBT组的临床妊娠率低于DBT组(P0.05),组间的多胎妊娠率无统计学差异(P0.05);囊胚扩张和孵化的程度与临床妊娠率显著相关,优质囊胚可获得更好的妊娠结局。结论 妊娠结局与囊胚的质量及患者的年龄显著相关,对于年龄≤35岁,有优质囊胚的患者,可以进行SBT。     

卵巢过度刺激综合征高风险患者单囊胚移植的应用

目的:探讨在卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)高风险患者中移植单囊胚的妊娠结局。方法:回顾分析2009年8月至2011年8月在我中心助孕的患者,OHSS高风险患者中移植单囊胚者为囊胚组(136例)、移植D3天新鲜胚胎者为胚胎组(142例)、全部胚胎冷冻后择期行冻融胚胎移植者为冷冻组(155例),分析组间临床特征、超促排卵情况、胚胎质量、妊娠率、着床率、多胎率、中重度OHSS发生率。结果:3组间的临床特征、超排卵情况、胚胎形成情况均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。3组间着床率、临床妊娠率、多胎妊娠率、中重度OHSS发生率均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。单囊胚移植组的着床率(51.47%)高于其他两组,临床妊娠率(51.47%)高于冻融胚胎组,多胎率(1.43%)明显低于其他两组,中重度OHSS发生率(0.74%)低于胚胎移植组,与冻融胚胎组无明显差异。结论:单囊胚移植在保证较高妊娠率的同时显著降低了多胎妊娠率,但并未增高OHSS发生率。     

不同发育天数冻融单囊胚移植的临床结局比较

目的:研究D5和D6天冷冻胚胎冻融单囊胚移植的临床结局,探讨不同发育天数囊胚的发育潜能,为进一步改进囊胚冷冻方案提供依据。方法:回顾分析922例复苏周期单囊胚移植患者的资料,根据冷冻时间不同,分为D5冷冻组(n=563)和D6冷冻组(n=359),待患者子宫内膜达到8~12mm时,复苏5h后移植。结果:D5冻冻组的生化妊娠率(63.23%)和临床妊娠率(56.48%)均显著高于D6冷冻组(50.97%和44.85%)(P≤0.01)。结论:D5冻融单囊胚移植相较于D6冻融单囊胚移植更有利于胚胎着床,获得更高的临床妊娠率。     

不同发育天数囊胚冻融移植后妊娠结局分析

目的比较不同发育天数冻融囊胚移植后的妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析1 176例行冻融囊胚移植患者的临床资料,其中植入前遗传学诊断(preimplantation genetic diagnosis,PGD)周期135例,比较第5日单囊胚移植(single embryo transfer,SET)组、双囊胚移植(double embryo transfer,DET)组与第6日SET组和DET组的妊娠结局。结果同是优质囊胚级别的条件下,第5日DET组的生化妊娠率(56.91%)、临床妊娠率(53.25%)以及多胎妊娠率(1.20%)显著高于其他组(P0.05);第5日DET组与SET组的胚胎着床率无统计学差异(P0.05),但均显著高于第6日DET组和SET组(P0.05);同级别以及PGD周期中第5日和第6日SET组相比较,第5日组的生化妊娠率、胚胎着床率均显著高于第6日组(P0.05)。结论在同是优质囊胚的条件下,第5日SET、DET及经PGD诊断的SET妊娠结局均优于第6日。     

二次冻融胚胎临床结局的分析

目的:探讨胚胎经历二次冻融后移植对临床妊娠结局的可能影响。方法:回顾分析2012年6月至2014年12月在河南省人民医院(郑州大学人民医院)生殖医学研究所接受二次冻融周期复融囊胚移植的患者资料,随机选取同期进行常规单次冻融周期囊胚移植的患者作为对照组。比较两组患者的一般情况、种植率、临床妊娠率、异位妊娠率、流产率、多胎率、活产率、足月产率、新生儿情况等。结果:二次冻融组和对照组的临床妊娠率比较,差异有统计学意义(47.18%vs 71.83%,P=0.002);异位妊娠率、流产率、多胎率、足月产率比较,差异无统计学意义。出生婴儿未发现畸形。结论:二次冻融囊胚周期与单次冻融囊胚周期相比,临床妊娠率显著下降,认为多次冻融可能影响胚胎发育潜能。     

单囊胚移植在全胚冷冻患者中的临床应用

目的 探讨全胚冷冻后冻融胚胎移植（FET）周期第3天(D3)卵裂期胚胎,第5、6天双囊胚及单囊胚移植的临床效果分析。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月在河南省人民医院生殖医学研究所行体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）的不孕患者,以全胚玻璃化冷冻FET周期的患者为研究对象,根据患者的意愿分为D3胚胎移植组（A组,n=456）;双囊胚移植组（B组,n=106）;单囊胚移植组（C组,n=402）。比较3组之间基本资料、IVF治疗的妊娠结局。结果 与A组比较,B、C两组患者平均冷冻胚胎数、平均移植胚胎数少,移植周期率低,而种植率高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;C组平均移植胚胎数亦少于B组,而B组临床妊娠率、最初周期妊娠率高于A、C两组,C组多胎率低于A、B两组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;C组早期流产率显著性低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对于全胚冷冻患者,当D3可利用胚胎个数≥4时,囊胚培养后玻璃化冷冻,择期FET周期选择性单囊胚移植是目前最佳的冷冻策略和最有益的临床处理方案。     

卵裂期评分对优质囊胚移植妊娠结局的预测价值探讨

目的:探讨优质囊胚的卵裂期胚胎评分对囊胚移植妊娠结局的预测作用。方法:回顾性分析2012年10月至2015年10月于中山大学附属第六医院生殖医学研究中心行新鲜或解冻优质囊胚移植的108例周期资料,其中移植来源于优质卵裂期胚胎的优质囊胚为H-H组(59例),移植来源于非优质卵裂期胚胎的优质囊胚为P-H组(49例)。比较两组移植情况及妊娠结局,并采用Logistic回归分析临床妊娠结局的相关因素。结果:H-H组59例均为单囊胚移植;P-H组中有42例为单囊胚移植;7例移植2枚囊胚(1枚优质囊胚及1枚非优质囊胚);H-H组的临床妊娠率及胚胎种植率较P-H组高(57.63%vs 34.69%,P=0.017;57.63%vs 32.14%,P=0.004),且流产率较后者低(16.13%vs 47.06%,P=0.039)。Logistic回归分析提示优质囊胚的卵裂期评分与临床妊娠结局相关(OR 2.560,P=0.019),而其他混杂因素与临床妊娠结局的关联差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卵裂期评分较低的胚胎,即使发育至优质囊胚,移植后妊娠率和流产率并不乐观,或不适用于优质单囊胚移植策略。优质囊胚的卵裂期评分可作为胚胎发育潜能的预测因素,改进优质单囊胚移植策略的实际应用。     

新鲜周期选择性移植单个囊胚对降低多胎妊娠风险的作用

目的:探讨新鲜周期选择性移植单个囊胚(elective single blastocyst transfer,eSBT)对降低多胎妊娠风险的作用。方法:回顾性分析新鲜囊胚移植患者的病历资料,其中可供移植的囊胚数≥2个的患者中,选择性单个囊胚移植周期159个(eSBT组),双囊胚移植周期118个(double blastocysttransfer,DBT组),分析比较eSBT组与DBT组患者的一般情况、超促排卵情况、胚胎发育情况和妊娠结局。结果:①采用序贯囊胚培养法,共培养优质胚胎1 040枚,形成囊胚781枚,囊胚形成率75.09%。②患者一般情况、超促排卵和胚胎发育情况组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05),eSBT组与DBT组临床妊娠率(52.83%vs 57.63%)、流产率(4.76%vs 10.29%)未见明显差异(P>0.05),eSBT组种植率显著高于DBT组(54.09%vs 37.71%,P<0.01),多胎率显著低于DBT组(2.38%vs 30.88%,P<0.01)。③按年龄<30岁、30～34岁、35～38岁分段后,eSBT组各年龄段间临床妊娠率均无明显降低(P>0.05),多胎率均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:新鲜囊胚移植患者选择性单个囊胚移植能在保证较高临床妊娠率的同时,有效降低多胎妊娠的风险。     

输卵管积水患者冻融胚胎移植周期移植卵裂胚及囊胚妊娠结局的对比分析

目的:对比分析输卵管积水患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期中卵裂期胚胎及囊胚移植的妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年12月在空军军医大学唐都医院生殖医学中心合并输卵管积水患者行FET助孕的235个周期。根据移植不同时期胚胎,分为两组:卵裂胚组(n=132);囊胚组(n=103)。收集患者一般资料,包括女方年龄、男方年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、不孕类型、不孕年限、不孕因素、输卵管积水诊断方式及分布情况、FET周期子宫内膜准备方案、移植日子宫内膜厚度及形态、移植次数、移植胚胎数、辅助孵化(AH);比较两组临床妊娠率、种植率、异位妊娠率、流产率及活产率等差异。结果:两组患者一般情况差异无统计学意义。FET周期临床资料中,移植胚胎数(1.88±0.33个vs 1.04±0.19个,P0.05)及AH比率(30.30%vs 23.30%,P0.05)卵裂胚组均显著高于囊胚组;移植日子宫内膜形态两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。妊娠结局中,临床妊娠率(42.42%vs 47.57%,P0.05)、种植率(30.12%vs 46.73%,P0.05)及活产率(36.36%vs 42.72%,P0.05)囊胚组均显著高于卵裂胚组,而异位妊娠率(8.93%vs 4.08%,P0.05)囊胚组显著低于卵裂胚组,两组流产率差异无统计学意义。通过多元回归模型校正后,临床妊娠率(OR 1.66,95%CI 1.06～2.52,P0.05)、种植率(OR 1.75,95%CI 1.46～3.18,P0.05)、异位妊娠率(OR 0.40,95%CI 0.01～0.92,P0.05)及活产率(OR 1.87,95%CI 1.49～3.07,P0.05),两组间差异有统计学意义。结论:对于输卵管积水患者,相较于移植卵裂期胚胎,FET周期行囊胚移植临床妊娠率、种植率及活产率更高,异位妊娠率更低,妊娠结局更好。【     

Elective single embryo transfer: Comparison of blastocyst and cleavage-stage embryo transfer

Objective:   Blastocysts are reportedly suitable for preventing multiple pregnancies as a result of the high implantation rate per embryo. The present study compared clinical results for elective single embryo transfer (ET) between blastocysts and cleavage-stage embryos in order to ascertain the usefulness of blastocyst culturing in single ET.
Methods:   Between January 2002 and December 2004, conventional in vitro fertilization ET and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection was carried out for single ET in 86 cycles, to prevent multiple pregnancies (for medical reasons or because of patient wishes).
Results:   Among the 80 cycles in which a fresh embryo was transferred, pregnancy/implantation rates per ET were 35.3% for day 2/3 ET and 50.0% for day 5 ET, and pregnancy/implantation rates per oocyte retrieval were 35.3% for day 2/3 ET and 44.2% for day 5 ET. Ongoing pregnancy/delivery rates per oocyte retrieval were 32.4% for day 2/3 ET and 38.5% for day 5 ET. Monozygotic twinning occurred in one case of day 5 ET.
Conclusions:   Pregnancy rates per single ET tended to be higher for day 5 ET than for day 2/3 ET. However, no marked differences were identified in ongoing pregnancy/delivery rates per oocyte retrieval between groups. (Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4 : 197–201)     

Single fresh blastocyst transfer or single cryopreserved-thawed blastocyst transfer: which is preferable for infertile patients in IVF/ICSI cycles? A meta-analysis

Purposes: Nowadays, an increasing number of studies have proposed single embryo transfer (SET), especially single blastocyst transfer (SBT). To compare the clinical outcomes of single fresh blastocyst transfer (BT) and single cryopreserved-thawed BT in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from the start dates until February 2018. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and embryo implantation rate (IR). The secondary outcomes were multiple pregnancy rate (MPR), live birth rate (LBR), and miscarriage rate (MR). Using the Mantel–Haenszel random effects model to analyze summary risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity scores were assessed with the standard Cochrane’s Q test and I² statistic.

Results: In total, eight studies (two prospective studies, six retrospective studies) were included in our analysis. There was no statistically significant difference regarding clinical pregnancy (RR?=?1.18, 95% CI?=?0.91–1.55) and embryo implantation (RR?=?1.04, 95% CI?=?0.77–1.41). Regarding secondary outcomes, there was no significant difference regarding miscarriage (RR?=?0.79, 95% CI?=?0.60–1.03) and multiple pregnancy (RR?=?1.23, 95% CI?=?0.75–2.04). However, single fresh BT is associated with an increased live birth (RR?=?1.28, 95% CI?=?1.05–1.57) compared with single cryopreserved-thawed BT.

Conclusions: In summary, this meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that single cryopreserved BT might not be the best choice compared with single fresh BT in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles.     

Prospective evaluation of blastocyst stage transfer vs. zygote intrafallopian tube transfer in patients with repeated implantation failure

OBJECTIVE: To compare extended culture with blastocyst stage transfer and zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) in the management of IVF patients with repeated implantation failure. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized study. SETTING: An IVF unit at a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Sixty-four infertile patients with more than three previous failed IVF-ET attempts. INTERVENTION(S): Patients were allocated to undergo either blastocyst stage transfer (Group 1; n = 32) or ZIFT (Group 2; n = 32). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates. RESULT(S): Patient characteristics and response to stimulation were comparable for both groups. Totals of 84.3% and 97% of the patients underwent blastocyst transfer and ZIFT, respectively. Significantly more embryos were transferred through ZIFT (5.5+/-0.8) as compared with blastocyst transfer (2.3+/-1.4), and there were significantly more cycles with embryo cryopreservation in the ZIFT group as compared to the blastocyst transfer group (15/32 vs. 4/32, respectively). Implantation rate (13.6% vs. 1.4%), clinical pregnancy rate (40.6% vs. 3.1%), and live birth rates (38.7% vs. 0%) were all significantly higher in the ZIFT group as compared to the blastocyst transfer group, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): Zygote intrafallopian transfer is a powerful clinical tool in the management of patients with RIF. In contrast, blastocyst stage transfer fails to improve the outcome in this poor-prognosis group. The pathophysiology of RIF should be the subject of intense investigation to allow the introduction of appropriate therapeutic measures earlier in the course of treatment.     

Association between blastocyst morphology and outcome of single-blastocyst transfer

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of three individual blastocyst morphology parameters – expansion and hatching (EH) stage, inner cell mass (ICM) grade and trophectoderm grade – to predict outcome of a cycle with single-blastocyst transfer. The study was a secondary analysis of data prospectively collected in a large multicentre trial. A total of 618 intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients undergoing ovarian stimulation in a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist cycle with compulsory single-blastocyst transfer on day 5 were included. In the simple logistic regression analysis, all three blastocyst morphology parameters were statistically significantly (P < 0.005 for each) associated with positive human chorionic gonadotrophin, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates and live birth rates, while only the ICM grade was significantly (P = 0.033) associated with early pregnancy loss rate. Blastocyst EH stage was the only significant predictor of live birth (P = 0.002) in the multiple logistic regression. In conclusion, although all three blastocyst morphology parameters were related to treatment outcome of fresh single-blastocyst cycles, selection of high-quality blastocysts for transfer should consider first the EH stage. Transfer of a blastocyst with ICM grade A may reduce the risk of early pregnancy loss.Choosing the embryo(s) with the best implantation potential is essential for securing each couple the highest chance of achieving pregnancy after assisted reproduction. The selection of embryo(s) for transfer at the blastocyst stage is based on morphology parameters of expansion and hatching stage, inner cell mass grade and trophectoderm grade. The aim of this study was to assess the relative impact of each parameter in predicting the probability of a successful outcome. The study was a secondary analysis of data prospectively collected in a large multicentre trial. A total of 618 patients who underwent single-blastocyst transfer on day 5 were included. Statistical analysis showed that all three blastocyst morphology parameters were significantly associated with positive human chorionic gonadotrophin (βHCG), clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates and live birth rates. Only the inner cell mass grade was significantly associated with early pregnancy loss between the positive βHCG test and confirmation of ongoing pregnancy 10–11 weeks after transfer. The expansion and hatching stage was the only significant predictor of live birth in the multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, although all three blastocyst morphology parameters were related to treatment outcome of fresh single-blastocyst cycles, selection of high-quality blastocysts for transfer should consider first the expansion and hatching stage. Transfer of a blastocyst with inner cell mass grade A may reduce the risk of early pregnancy loss.