62例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤回顾性分析

目的探讨影响Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤预后的独立因素。方法回顾性分析62例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤的临床病理资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,通过Cox比例风险模型确立影响患者预后的独立因素。结果 62例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤患者术后3年和5年生存率分别为90.3%和82.3%。单因素分析显示性别、年龄、临床分期、病理分型、手术方式、淋巴结消除是影响Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤生存率的因素。多因素分析显示年龄、性别、临床分期、手术方式是影响Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤预后的独立因素。结论性别、年龄、临床分期、手术方式是影响Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤预后的独立因素,Mohs外科手术可改善Ⅰ、Ⅱ期皮肤恶性黑素瘤患者的预后。     

1 126例结肠癌患者的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨结肠癌患者临床病理特征及其与预后的关系.方法 选择性别、年龄、血型、围手术期输血量、病程、肿瘤部位、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤大体类型、病理分级、组织学类型,转移淋巴结数目、肠壁浸润深度、远处转移、Dukes分期等14项临床病理指标,用单因素和多因素分析的方法研究其对1 126例结肠癌患者预后的影响.结果 单因素分析显示年龄、围手术期输血量、病程、肿瘤部位、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤大体类型、病理分级、组织学类型、转移淋巴结数目、肠壁浸润深度、远处转移、Dukes分期为影响预后的因素,COX回归模型分析显示,仅病理分级、组织学类型、远处转移、Dukes分期为结肠癌患者预后的独立影响因素.结论 病理分级、组织学类型、远处转移、Dukes分期为结肠癌患者预后的独立影响因素.     

1126例结肠癌患者的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 探讨结肠癌患者临床病理特征及其与预后的关系.方法 选择性别、年龄、血型、围手术期输血量、病程、肿瘤部位、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤大体类型、病理分级、组织学类型,转移淋巴结数目、肠壁浸润深度、远处转移、Dukes分期等14项临床病理指标,用单因素和多因素分析的方法研究其对1 126例结肠癌患者预后的影响.结果 单因素分析显示年龄、围手术期输血量、病程、肿瘤部位、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤大体类型、病理分级、组织学类型、转移淋巴结数目、肠壁浸润深度、远处转移、Dukes分期为影响预后的因素,COX回归模型分析显示,仅病理分级、组织学类型、远处转移、Dukes分期为结肠癌患者预后的独立影响因素.结论 病理分级、组织学类型、远处转移、Dukes分期为结肠癌患者预后的独立影响因素.     

若干分子标志物及临床特征与恶性黑色素瘤预后的多因素相关分析

目的评估若干分子标志物及临床特征对恶性黑色素瘤(MM)预后的影响。方法回顾性分析127例MM患者的临床资料;对127例MM标本以免疫组化法检测HMB45、S-100以及Vimentin蛋白的表达;COX比例风险回归模型对各临床病理指标进行单因素和多因素生存分析。结果 HMB45、S-100以及Vimentin在MM中的阳性表达率分别为89.8%、92.1%和78.0%;单因素分析提示影响MM预后的因素包括年龄、原发病灶是否溃疡、Clark分级、术后病灶切缘情况、AJCC分期、治疗方法及疗效、S-100蛋白(P<0.05);多因素分析发现年龄、术后切缘情况、Clark分级、S-100蛋白以及疗效是影响MM预后的独立因素。结论年龄、术后切缘情况、Clark分级、S-100蛋白与疗效是影响MM预后的独立危险因素,HMB45和Vimentin蛋白表达水平与MM预后不相关。     

基于SEER数据库的回顾性研究: 胃腺癌患者肝转移的影响因素及预后分析

目的 分析影响胃腺癌患者肝转移发生的因素及胃腺癌肝转移患者的预后情况。方法 通过SEER*Stat软件收集SEER数据库中2011~2015年的11485例胃腺癌患者,采用χ²检验和二元逻辑回归的方法比较肝转移组(n=1937)和无肝转移组(n=9548)各临床病理特征的差异,并通过Kaplan-Meier法对影响肝转移组预后的各临床病理因素进行单因素分析,通过Log-Rank法检验生存率的差异;最后应用COX模型进行多因素分析。结果 χ²检验中有显著差异的影响因素包括:种族(χ2=609.155,P=0.000)、性别(χ2=79.705,P=0.000)、原发部位(χ2=112.306,P=0.000)、组织学分级(χ2=110.457,P=0.000)、T分期(χ2=87.319,P=0.000)、N分期(χ2=55.926,P=0.000);二元逻辑回归结果显示:种族、性别、原发部位、组织学分级、T分期、N分期均分别为影响胃腺癌肝转移发生的独立因素;预后分析中,各临床病理因素的单因素生存分析结果显示:诊断年龄(χ2=20.292,P=0.000)、种族(χ2=15.639,P=0.000)、性别(χ2=6.694,P=0.008)、原发部位(χ2=102.097,P=0.000)、组织学分级(χ2=337.247,P=0.000)、T分期(χ2=72.237,P=0.016)、N分期(χ2=76.590,P=0.000)、原发灶手术(χ2=292.729,P=0.000)、淋巴结清扫数(χ2=57.330,P=0.000)对肝转移患者生存情况有显著影响;COX模型多因素分析显示,诊断年龄、组织学分级及原发灶手术为影响胃腺癌肝转移患者预后的独立影响因素。结论 种族、性别、原发部位、组织学分级、T分期、N分期分别为影响胃腺癌肝转移发生的独立因素;诊断年龄、组织学分级及原发灶手术分别为影响胃腺癌肝转移患者预后的独立影响因素。     

105例中晚期胃癌综合治疗的疗效及预后因素分析

目的：观察中晚期胃癌患者综合治疗疗效,探讨影响中晚期胃癌患者的预后因素。方法收集2012年1月-2013年1月经组织病理学证实的105例中晚期胃癌患者的临床资料,对影响其预后的因素进行单因素及Cox回归模型分析,并根据治疗模式分组,对综合治疗疗效进行评价。结果本组病例总的中位生存期为15．663个月,6个月生存率为72．0％,12个月生存率为60．0％。单因素分析显示患者的性别、年龄、辅助检查、肿瘤标志物CEA和肿瘤部位对患者预后的影响均无统计学意义（ P值均＞0．05）;病变分期、淋巴结转移数目、组织学分级、组织学分型及治疗方式与预后相关（ P值均＜0．05）。 COX比例风险模型显示患者的病变分期、治疗方式及组织学分型为影响预后的独立因素。 Log-rank检验分析治疗方式中综合治疗组优于单一治疗组,且组间差异有显著性意义。结论胃癌患者预后与病变分期、淋巴结转移数目、组织学分级、组织学分型及治疗方式等因素相关,其中病变分期、治疗方式是影响患者生存的独立预后因素。     

78例胃癌根治术后患者预后影响因素分析

目的：探讨行胃癌根治术患者的预后影响因素。方法选取行胃癌根治术且经术后病理学检查证实为进展期胃癌的患者78例,将其性别、年龄、Bommann分型、组织学类型、肿瘤大小、TNM分期等进行单因素分析及COX回归分析,明确胃癌根治术患者预后的影响因素。结果所有患者均获得满意随访,术后1年的生存率为83.33%（65/78）,术后3年的生存率为48.71%(38/78)。单因素分析结果提示胃癌根治术后患者预后影响因素包括Bommann分型、组织学类型、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、血管侵犯、淋巴结清扫程度、辅助化疗等（P<0.05）。COX回归分析提示,组织学分型、TNM分期、血管侵犯、肿瘤大小为影响胃癌根治术后预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论组织学类型、TNM分期、血管侵犯、肿瘤大小对胃癌根治术后预后具有较大的影响。     

纤维蛋白原与上皮性卵巢癌预后的关系

目的:探讨血浆纤维蛋白原水平与上皮性卵巢癌临床病理因素的关系并评估其作为预后判断指标的价值。方法:回顾性分析2000年1月至2005年7月本院收治并随访到的211例初治原发性上皮性卵巢癌的临床资料,研究血浆纤维蛋白原水平与临床病理因素及患者术后生存率的关系。应用Kaplan-Meier方法计算累积生存率,单因素与多因素COX回归分析术前血浆纤维蛋白原水平、临床病理因素与无瘤生存率及总生存率的关系。结果:上皮性卵巢癌患者的血浆纤维蛋白原水平为4.41±1.47 g/L,与手术病理分期及年龄密切相关(P<0.05);不同组织学分级及不同病理类型的血浆纤维蛋白原水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素COX回归模型显示血浆纤维蛋白原水平、手术病理分期与无瘤生存率及总生存率相关,病理类型、年龄、术前CA125值与二者均无关;组织学分级与总存活率相关,而与无瘤生存率无关。结论:术前血浆纤维蛋白原水平可作为上皮性卵巢癌的独立预后因子。     

老年胃癌患者预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响老年胃癌患者预后的因素.方法 分析我院2005-2009年收治的238例接受手术治疗的老年(≥60岁)胃癌患者,对性别、年龄、民族、合并症、肿瘤部位、Borrman分型、细胞的分化程度、手术方式、术后辅助治疗、肿瘤的浸润深度、临床分期、远处转移、肿瘤标记物癌胚抗原(CEA)水平等因素与预后的关系进行统计学分析,以Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存率分析,Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,运用COX回归模型进行多因素分析以评价影响老年胃癌患者生存的独立影响因素.结果 238例患者1年累计生存率为72.6%、3年累计生存率为25.4%、5年累计生存率为5.8%.单因素分析结果显示,民族、肿瘤浸润深度、远处转移、临床分期、手术方式、术后辅助治疗、CEA水平是患者预后的影响因素(P＜0.01);COX多因素回归分析结果显示,民族、肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、术后是否接受放化疗是影响老年胃癌患者预后的独立因素.结论 民族、肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤分期、术后辅助治疗是老年胃癌患者预后的独立影响因素.     

应用COX回归分析对食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后监测的临床研究

目的：初步探讨COX回归分析在食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后监测中的作用。方法选取住院的肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的患者82例,对其相关资料给予回顾性分析,同时纳入到COX回归模型给予多因素生存分析,筛选出影响患者预后的危险因素。结果单因素生存分析显示年龄、内镜下治疗以及血红蛋白等指标与食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后密切相关。多因素COX回归分析最终筛选出CTP分级及MELD-Na评分两个独立危险因素,RR值分别为4.919、2.227。结论影响食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者预后的独立危险因素为CTP分级及MELD-Na评分。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.