山东省眼库角膜供体的临床应用分析

目的 分析1997～2004年山东省眼库角膜供体的临床应用情况。设计 回顾性病例系列研究。研究对象 3475个角膜供体。方法 分析角膜供体应用于患者的年龄、区域、手术方式及疾病种类。主要指标术式及疾病种类。结果 接受角膜供体多为中年(44．7％)及青年(32．5％)患者。80．4％患者来自山东省。供体分别用于穿透性角膜移植术2376例，板层角膜移植术984例，角膜表面镜片术115例。应用于感染性角膜炎(49．4％)、圆锥角膜(13．8％)、角膜白斑(9．7％)、大泡性角膜病变(8．7％)等眼病。在感染性角膜炎中，真菌性角膜炎占39．0％，病毒性角膜炎占35．2％，细菌性角膜炎占21．9％。结论 感染性角膜炎是山东省眼库角膜供体应用最多的疾病，其次为圆锥角膜。角膜白斑与大泡性角膜病变分别居于第三、四位。     

1054例化脓性角膜炎的回顾性分析

目的探讨化脓性角膜炎的病原学和临床特征。方法对1999年1月至2004年12月间于山东省眼科研究所、青岛眼科医院诊治的1054例化脓性角膜炎住院患者的人口学特征、症状持续时间、疾病危险因素、就诊前接受的治疗及实验室检查结果等资料进行回顾性分析。结果化脓性角膜炎中真菌性角膜炎所占比例最高（61．9％）,41～50岁的中年患者（27．3％）和农民（82．9％）最多见。角膜损伤是最常见的发病危险因素。氢氧化钾湿片直接镜检法诊断真菌性角膜炎的阳性率为88．7％,而革兰染色镜检法检查细菌性角膜炎的阳性率仅为43．4％。分离到的真菌中镰刀菌属占73．3％,其次为曲霉菌属（12．1％）。分离到的细菌病原谱中,以铜绿假单胞菌居多（35．7％）,其次为表皮葡萄球菌（22．5％）。结论真菌性角膜炎在严重的化脓性角膜炎中最常见且呈现逐年递增的趋势。氢氧化钾湿片直接镜检法是一种快速、简便及有效的真菌性角膜炎诊断工具。     

【In Press】 Etiology and failure analysis of anterior lamellar keratoplasty

AIM: To analyze indications and reasons for failure of anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK). METHODS: The clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcome measures: included indications for ALK and reasons for failure of ALK. RESULTS: A total of 434 patients (462 eyes) were treated with ALK at Qindao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute from June 1, 2009 to May 31, 2016. The main indications were infectious keratitis (33.3%), keratoconus (23.6%), corneal dystrophy and degeneration(9.7%), Mooren''s ulcer(8.4%), corneal neoplasm(7.8%), viral keratitis(6.5%) and regrafting (3.7%). Fungal keratitis accounted for 73.4% in the infectious keratitis cases. ALKs were failed in 36 patients, with the major causes being recurrence of primary diseases (63.9%). The leading causes of graft failure was Mooren''s ulcer (36.1%), followed by infectious keratitis (30.6%). Recurrence of fungal keratitis accounted for 81.8% in the failed cases after ALK for infectious keratitis cases. CONCLUSION: Infectious keratitis and keratoconus are the main indications for ALK, of which fungal keratitis was the major cause of corneal infections. Recurrence of primary disease is the main reason of graft failure after ALK, in which the main primary diseases associated with graft failure are Mooren''s ulcer and fungal keratitis.     

角膜移植术后植片继发真菌感染的临床特征

目的探讨角膜移植术后植片继发真菌感染的原发病、发病时间、临床特征、主要致病菌及治疗方案的选择。方法回顾性系列病例研究。收集2005年10月至2016年1月间山东省眼科研究所青岛眼科医院收治的角膜移植术后植片发生真菌感染患者29例（34眼）,其中男25例（86%）,女4例（14%）。分析患者原发病、植片真菌感染与角膜移植间隔时间、发病月份、诱发因素、病灶特征、致病菌及治疗情况。数据采用配对秩和检验进行分析。结果发生角膜植片真菌感染的34眼中,25眼（74%）既往接受过穿透性角膜移植术（PKP）,9眼（26%）接受板层角膜移植术（LKP）。术前原发病大多为感染性角膜炎（24眼,70%）。植片发生真菌感染与角膜移植间隔时间为1~144个月,平均（39.5±43.0）个月,其中9眼（26%）发生于术后6个月内,3眼（9%）发生于6~12个月。植片真菌感染发生时间多在9-11月（17眼,50%）。27眼（79%）真菌培养结果阳性,致病菌主要为镰刀菌（9眼,33%）和链格孢霉菌（6眼,22%）。29眼（85%）真菌感染灶局限于角膜植片,5眼（15%）同时累及角膜植片和植床。22眼（65%）位于植片中央及旁中央区,其中15眼病灶直径＞4 mm,7眼≤4 mm;12眼（35%）位于植片周边区,病灶长径均＜4 mm。27眼选择药物联合手术治疗,4眼选择单纯药物治疗,3眼放弃治疗,自动出院。角膜移植术是最主要的手术治疗方式（16眼,59%）,其次是眼内容剜除术或眼球摘除术（6眼,22%）。结论角膜移植术后植片真菌感染多发生于秋季农忙季节。致病菌以镰刀菌和链格孢霉菌为主。角膜移植术是治疗植片继发真菌感染的主要手术方式。早期诊断并及时治疗,可最大限度地降低角膜植片真菌感染对视功能的影响。     

Fungal infections of the cornea--diagnostics and management

Fungal keratitis, an important cause of corneal infectious disease, is one of the most challenging types of microbial keratitis to diagnose, isolate the etiologic fungal organism and treat successfully. Aspergillus spp. are most commonly responsible for fungal keratitis worldwide. Most cases occur in hot, humid climates. Fungi invade the ocular surface only when it is compromised and gain access into the corneal stroma through a defect in the epithelial barrier. Pathogens multiply then, and cause inflammatory reaction together with tissue necrosis. Symptoms of fungal keratitis typically are not as acute as those of other forms of microbial keratitis. On examination, both signs seen in other forms of microbial keratitis and specific features of fungal keratitis are observed. In all cases with suspected fungal keratitis, corneal smears and cultures should be performed as soon as possible. Antifungal therapy should be restricted to those cases with fungus-positive laboratory results. The use of topical corticosteroids in the treatment of fungal keratitis is contraindicated. In about one-third of patients pharmacological therapy is not successful. In those cases, surgical intervention is essential. The main goal of surgical intervention is to control infection and maintain the integrity of the globe. The most commonly performed surgery in fungal keratitis is therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. The use of topical corticosteroids is contraindicated in early postoperative period.     

Indications for penetrating keratoplasty in north China

PURPOSE: To analyze leading indications for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in north China and changing trends in them. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent PKP at Shandong Eye Institute from January 1997 to December 2002. Infectious keratitis (fungal, bacterial, and acanthamoeba), herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), corneal scarring, keratoconus, bullous keratopathy, regrafting, corneal dystrophy and degeneration, and others were included in the indications for PKP. Initial diagnoses and causes of regrafting were recorded, as well as the related intraocular surgeries for bullous keratopathy. RESULTS: A total of 1702 patients (1702 eyes) were included in this study. The leading indications for PKP were infectious keratitis (31%), followed by HSK (18%), corneal scarring (16%), keratoconus (13%), bullous keratopathy (7%), regrafting (5%), and corneal dystrophy and degeneration (4%). Percentage of PKP for keratoconus and bullous keratopathy increased significantly during the 6 years, contrary to HSK and corneal scarring. Fungal infections accounted for 66% of infectious keratitis. Of 118 bullous keratopathy cases, 90 (76%) were associated with cataract surgery. The leading initial diagnoses of regrafting were corneal burns (25%), HSK (23%), and infectious keratitis (14%); the major causes included immune rejection (61%), graft infection (14%), and recurrence of HSK (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Infectious keratitis remains the most common indication for PKP in north China. Moreover, there is an increasing trend in the percentage of PKP for keratoconus and bullous keratopathy.     

Trends in the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Shandong,2005-2010

AIM:To identify the current indications and the trend shifts for penetrating keratoplasty(PKP) in Shandong.METHODS:The medical charts of all patients who underwent PKP at Shandong Eye Institute from June 1,2005 to May 31,2010 were analysed retrospectively.RESULTS:A total of 875 patients(875 eyes) received PKP in this 5-year period,accounting for 61.6% of all corneal transplantation surgeries.The leading indications for PKP were infectious keratitis(37.1%),HSK(19.1%),keratoconus(11.2%),bullous keratopathy(8.5%),regrafting(6.7%) and corneal scarring(4.8%).The percentage of PKP for keratoconus declined year by year,whereas the percentage of bullous keratopathy had a mild annual increase.Fungal infections accounted for 65.2% of the infectious keratitis cases,remaining the leading cause of corneal infection.In addition,54.1% of bullous keratopathy cases were associated with cataract surgery.The leading initial diagnoses associated with regrafting were infectious keratitis(38.9%),HSK(18.6%) and corneal burn(16.9%).The major causes of regrafting included graft endothelial dysfunction(39.0%),graft ulcer(28.8%) and primary disease recurrence(15.3%).CONCLUSION:Infectious keratitis remained the leading indication for PKP in Shandong,and fungal infections were still the major cause of corneal infections.There was an increasing trend in the percentage of PKP cases indicated for bullous keratopathy but a decline in the same for keratoconus.Even with a decline in the overall proportion among all corneal transplantation surgeries,PKP is still the major corneal transplant choice in Shandong.     

Trends in the indications for penetrating keratoplasty in Shandong, 2005-2010

AIM: To identify the current indications and the trend shifts for penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in Shandong. METHODS: The medical charts of all patients who underwent PKP at Shandong Eye Institute from June 1, 2005 to May 31, 2010 were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 875 patients (875 eyes) received PKP in this 5-year period, accounting for 61.6% of all corneal transplantation surgeries. The leading indications for PKP were infectious keratitis (37.1%), HSK (19.1%), keratoconus (11.2%), bullous keratopathy (8.5%), regrafting (6.7%) and corneal scarring (4.8%). The percentage of PKP for keratoconus declined year by year, whereas the percentage of bullous keratopathy had a mild annual increase. Fungal infections accounted for 65.2% of the infectious keratitis cases, remaining the leading cause of corneal infection. In addition, 54.1% of bullous keratopathy cases were associated with cataract surgery. The leading initial diagnoses associated with regrafting were infectious keratitis (38.9%), HSK (18.6%) and corneal burn (16.9%). The major causes of regrafting included graft endothelial dysfunction (39.0%), graft ulcer (28.8%) and primary disease recurrence (15.3%). CONCLUSION: Infectious keratitis remained the leading indication for PKP in Shandong, and fungal infections were still the major cause of corneal infections. There was an increasing trend in the percentage of PKP cases indicated for bullous keratopathy but a decline in the same for keratoconus. Even with a decline in the overall proportion among all corneal transplantation surgeries, PKP is still the major corneal transplant choice in Shandong.     

Therapeutic keratoplasty for advanced suppurative keratitis

PURPOSE: To determine indications, therapeutic success, and corneal transplantation techniques for advanced medically uncontrolled infectious keratitis. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS: A review of 92 consecutive patients (1991 to 2002) who underwent therapeutic keratoplasty for acute infectious keratitis performed at Singapore National Eye Centre. Causative organism(s) were identified and outcomes were evaluated in terms of infectious cure (therapeutic success), graft clarity, and visual acuity. RESULTS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58.7%) and Fusarium species (32.3%) were the predominant organisms for bacterial and fungal keratitis, respectively. Keratoplasty types included penetrating keratoplasty (PK; n = 80) and lamellar keratoplasty (n = 12). Mean graft diameter was 9.5 mm (range, 5.5 to 14 mm). Seventy-four patients (80.4%) achieved therapeutic success after one keratoplasty procedure, three patients were cured after a second keratoplasty. Life-table survival analysis computed the one-year therapeutic survival for bacterial and fungal keratitis as 76.6% and 72.4%, respectively (P = .76). The Kaplan-Meier one-year survival rate for PK optical clarity was 72%. Twenty-two patients underwent repeat keratoplasty for various reasons (optical, n = 8; recurrent primary infection, n = 7; perforation or subsequent new infections, n = 7). Of the 15 patients for whom therapy failed, 11 had fungal keratitis. Infection recurrence time was four days to one year. Most recurrences (n = 11) appeared within six weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic keratoplasty may treat severe, refractory infectious keratitis effectively. High cure rates are achievable, although infection recurrence despite prolonged treatment remains a significant problem in fungal keratitis.     

Indications of paediatric keratoplasty in north China

PURPOSE: To analyse indications of paediatric keratoplasty in north China and provide information for the prevention of corneal blindness. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in 371 children (410 eyes) aged 14 years or younger who underwent corneal transplantation at Shandong Eye Institute between 1994 and 2005. Data of preoperative diagnoses, aetiological factors and rural or urban backgrounds were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 259 boys and 112 girls, with a mean age of 7.8 +/- 4.3 years (range 2.5 months to 14 years). Of the 410 eyes, 99 eyes (24.2%) had mechanical trauma, and 93 (22.7%) had infectious keratitis. Congenital corneal opacity developed in 53 eyes (12.9%), chemical or thermal burn in 42 eyes (10.2%) and keratoconus in 37 eyes (9.0%). There were twice as many children from a rural background as those from urban background, and an even higher proportion in the category of infectious keratitis (4.8:1). Regraft was performed in 42 eyes, of which 17 had an original diagnosis of chemical or thermal burn. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical trauma and infectious keratitis are the most common indications of paediatric keratoplasty, as well as childhood corneal blindness, in north China. Regraft occurs more often in children with ocular burns.     

板层角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜炎的临床疗效分析

目的：探讨板层角膜移植术治疗药物难以控制的中、浅层真菌性角膜炎的手术适应证及时机,并对其临床效果进行分析。方法：对临床确诊为真菌性角膜炎（病灶均位于角膜中浅层）且经抗真菌药物治疗无效的患者68例（68只眼）行板层角膜移植术,观察术后角膜真菌复发率、角膜植片透明率及角膜植片免疫排斥反应等情况,并对术中取下的病变角膜组织行真菌培养、菌属鉴定及组织病理学检查。结果：68例患者中,64例治愈,成功率为94％;随访观察6－36个月,植片全部透明,矫正视力为0．2－1．0;4例复发,复发率为6％。59例角膜组织标本真菌培养阳性,其中镰刀菌属41例,曲霉菌属8例,念珠菌属4例,青霉菌属2例,其他丝状菌属4例。61例病理切片行高碘酸－Schiff染色可见菌丝,57例菌丝均未超出病变角膜切片的深度和边缘,仅4例复发者可见菌丝达角膜组织切片全层,其中曲霉菌属3例,镰刀菌属1例。结论：板层角膜移植术是一种对经抗真菌药物治疗无效及溃疡直径较大或偏中心的中、浅层真菌性角膜炎患者具有治疗和复明作用的有效术式。     

非外伤性角膜穿孔的原发病临床分析

目的 分析非外伤性角膜穿孔的原发病,为积极治疗原发病预防角膜穿孔的发生提供帮助.方法 ,对山东省眼科研究所1997年1月至2007年6月间377例非外伤性角膜穿孔住院患者(383只眼)的病历资料进行回顾性分析,观察角膜穿孔的原发病.结果 感染性角膜病是导致角膜穿孔最多见的原发病.其中,单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎(herpes simplex keratitis,HSK)最多(145例,37.9%),其次为真菌性角膜炎(95例,24.8%),再次为细菌性角膜炎(52例,13.6%).8只眼发生2次角膜穿孔,原发病分别为HSK(4例)、Mooren溃疡(2例)、坏死性角巩膜炎与细菌性角膜炎各1例.33只眼为角膜移植术后植片穿孔,植片穿孔的原因依次为植片自溶(10例,30.3%)、HSK复发(8例,24.3%)、植片细菌感染(6例,18.2%)、免疫排斥(4例,12.1%)、Mooren溃疡复发(4例,12.1%)与真菌性角膜炎复发(1例,3.0%).结论 感染性角膜病是导致角膜穿孔最多见的原发病.其中HSK与真菌性角膜炎分别居于首位与第2位.1只眼多次发生角膜穿孔的原发病中,HSK与Mooren溃疡常见.植片自溶与HSK复发是角膜移植术后角膜再次穿孔的常见原因.     

Detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus</Emphasis> keratitis in ocular infections by culture and molecular method

The incidence of fungal keratitis has increased in recent years. Since accurate and rapid diagnosis is important for the proper management of this infection, we evaluated the use of nested PCR to detect Aspergillus-specific DNA in corneal scrapings for the diagnosis of Aspergillus keratitis. From April 2005 to September 2008, patients with eye findings suspicious for fungal keratitis were enrolled for corneal sampling. After ocular examination, we carried out laboratory testing including direct microscopy and culture examination of corneal scrapings, nested PCR and histopathological examination of the corneal tissues obtained at surgery. Of the 57 infected eyes suspicious for fungal keratitis, 32 (56.14%) were reported as Aspergillus keratitis by PCR assay, from which 12 (37.5%) were positive in culture and direct smear for Aspergillus keratitis, and 20 (62.5%) had clinical signs of fungal keratitis (probable). All PCR-positive cases were judged to have fungal infections, based on their responses to the antifungal treatment. The use of molecular methods in high-risk patients can be helpful in diagnosis of fungal infections and can have important public health implications for both the treatment and prevention of suppurative corneal ulcerations. The significance of this study lies in the analysis of the proven cases in terms of both laboratory findings and responses to the treatment.     

Spectrum of fungal keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

PURPOSE: To report the spectrum of fungal keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 24 cases of culture-positive fungal keratitis treated from January 1991 to March 1999 at Wills Eye Hospital. Risk factors, fungal identification, antifungal treatment, and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 24 eyes (24 patients). Fourteen patients (58.3%) were female. The mean age was 59 years (range, 19-86 years). Predisposing factors included chronic ocular surface disease (41.7%), contact lens wear (29.2%), atopic disease (16.7%), topical steroid use (16.7%), and ocular trauma (8.3%). Early identification of fungal elements was achieved by staining of corneal scrapings in 18 cases (75%). Half of the cases (12 eyes) had corneal infections caused by yeast, and the other half by filamentous fungi. Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated organism (45.8%), followed by Fusarium sp (25%). Natamycin and amphotericin B were the topical antifungals most frequently used, while systemic treatment commonly used included fluconazole, ketoconazole, or itraconazole. Six patients (25%) had penetrating keratoplasty during the acute stage of infection. After a mean follow-up of nine months, 13 eyes (54.1%) had the best corrected visual acuity 20/100 or better. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to other studies from the northern United States, we found Fusarium sp the most commonly isolated filamentous fungus. In our series, C. albicans was the most frequent cause of fungal keratitis, and a past history of ocular trauma was uncommon.     

Evaluation of agent and host factors in progression of mycotic keratitis: A histologic and microbiologic study of 167 corneal buttons

PURPOSE: To evaluate the host and agent factors in the progression of mycotic keratitis through the microbiologic evaluation and histologic study of human corneal buttons obtained at the time of therapeutic keratoplasty. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative consecutive case series. MATERIALS: One hundred sixty-seven corneal buttons from 148 patients of microbiologically diagnosed and treated cases of mycotic keratitis who underwent therapeutic keratoplasty between January 1995 and May 1998. METHODS: Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, review of microbiologic results, histopathologic and microbiologic evaluation of the corneal buttons of mycotic keratitis MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Histologic evaluation of the buttons for morphologic changes, degree and distribution of inflammatory cells, presence or absence of fungal filaments, and their degree and distribution within the corneal buttons. RESULTS: The diagnosis of fungal infection was made on corneal scrapings in 36 cases; whereas in 131 (78%), the fungus was grown in cultures and identified as Aspergillus in 55 (42%), Fusarium in 42 (32%), unidentified hyaline fungi in 22 (17%), dematiaceous (unidentified) in 4 (3%), and others in 8 (6%). The mean interval between diagnosis and keratoplasty was 19 (+/-40) days. From the keratoplasty specimen, the fungus was identified at histologic examination in 127 of 167 (76%) buttons and grown by culture techniques in 76 of 115 (66%) buttons. The fungal species identified in the corneal button were Fusarium in 30 (39%); Aspergillus in 25 (33%); unidentified hyaline in 19 (25%), and others in 2 (3%). Fungus-positive corneal buttons had early surgery (mean, 15 days) compared with fungus-negative (39 days) corneal buttons (P = 0.0005), with 93% fungus positivity in the buttons removed within 2 weeks and 42% after 2 months. In the fungus-positive buttons, there was an inverse correlation between the degree, distribution of inflammatory cells, and fungal filaments (r = -0.255, P = 0.024; r = -0.199, P = 0.027), respectively. The factors necessitating an early keratoplasty were heavy fungal load, deeper penetration of fungus, and possibly insufficient inflammation to combat infection. A granulomatous reaction was noted in the posterior stroma and around the fragmented Descemet's membrane in 23 buttons (13.8%), independent of fungal species. Inflammation was unaffected by elimination of fungus and increasing interval between diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid progression of mycotic keratitis in the early phases is by agent factors such as heavy load and deeper penetration of the fungus, insufficient inflammatory response, and possibly relative ineffectiveness of antifungal agents. Progression in the later phase of mycotic keratitis need not necessarily be agent mediated; it could be either host-modulated, species-related, or drug resistance, thereby suggesting that ideal treatment regimens should include sensitivity-based antifungal therapy aided by in vivo monitoring of fungal filaments.     

真菌性角膜溃疡前房积脓培养结果的临床分析

目的 探讨真菌性角膜溃疡前房积脓的培养结果与真菌菌种、病程、病理和预后的关系。方法 随机选定拟行穿透角膜移植术的真菌性角膜溃疡且合并前房积脓的患者33例33眼，术中取前房积脓行真菌培养并鉴别菌种，病变角膜片同时做真菌培养和病理检查。结果 全部角膜片真菌培养均阳性。15眼前房积脓培养阳性，其中溃疡穿孔7眼中有6眼阳性。未穿孔26眼中有9眼前房积脓培养阳性。前房积脓培养阳性者12眼为镰刀菌，2眼为梨头霉属，1眼为曲霉菌。病理结果：菌丝穿透后弹力层10眼，8眼前房积脓培养阳性；菌丝未穿透后弹力层16眼，2眼前房积脓培养阳性。结论 真菌性角膜溃疡未合并穿孔者的前房积脓多数为无菌性积脓（65．38％），合并穿孔则前房积脓多为有菌性（85．71％），即使前房积脓为有菌性，通过手术绝大多数可以控制感染保存眼球。     

Contact lens-associated fusarium keratitis in Switzerland

BACKGROUND: Fusarium has been an exceptionally rare cause of infectious keratitis. A recent outbreak of Fusarium keratitis in contact lens wearers in North America and Asia has been associated with the multipurpose disinfection solution ReNu with MoistureLoc (Bausch&Lomb). We report a series of Fusarium keratitis in Swiss contact lens wearers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multicentre retrospective case review of patients with corneal ulceration and a positive microbiological identification of Fusarium species was undertaken. RESULTS: Between September 2005 and August 2007, six cases of Fusarium keratitis were identified. Patients were 39 to 63 years of age. All patients were using disposable soft contact lenses for at least two years. Four patients used daily wear disposable lenses. Two patients were wearing 1-monthly disposable lenses and used ReNu with MoistureLoc solution. Due to multiresistant Fusarium, enucleation was required in two cases and an emergency keratoplasty was performed in three cases. An optical keratoplasty was undertaken in one case that developed corneal scarring. Final visual acuity in patients with preserved eyes ranged from light perception to 8 / 20. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to ReNu with MoistureLoc is not the only risk factor for Fusarium keratitis. In addition to antifungal therapy, an early keratoplasty with excision of the infected tissue seems mandatory to improve prognosis.     

真菌性角膜炎板层角膜移植术后复发的临床研究

目的 探讨板层角膜移植术(LKP)治疗真菌性角膜炎术后真菌复发的特点、诊疗方法及危险因素.方法 采用非随机回顾性系列病例研究.收集1998年1月至2005年7月在山东省眼科研究所青岛眼科医院经LKP治疗确诊的真菌性角膜炎患者218例(218只眼),术前详细询问病史,术中选用大于病灶0.5mm的环钻,采用深板层剖切,个别病例加以术中镜检,术后观察真菌的复发特点,对复发者进行药物与手术治疗,并比较在不同菌属和术前给予糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗、以及有前房积脓或内皮斑等危险因素存在下行LKP术后的复发情况.结果 术后2周有17例(7.80%)真菌复发,其中15例在术后第1周;复发主要表现为局部刺激症状加重、植床中央或边缘出现菌丝浸润灶.17例复发病例均成功行穿透性角膜移植术(PKP)治愈.危险因素分析:曲霉菌属LKP术后复发率(19.23%)高于镰刀菌属(5.63%)(P=0.0323),术前应用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗的病例行LKP术后复发率(21.70%)较高(P=0.0219),术前前房积脓或内皮斑的病例LKP术后复发率(17.02%)较高(P=0.0134).结论 LKP治疗真菌性角膜炎的术后复发主要在术后1周内;曲霉菌属、术前经糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂治疗以及前房积脓或内皮斑等是其危险因素;术中灵活应用手术技巧等可能是降低复发率的有效途径.     

1999至2009年温州地区角膜移植手术的临床分析

目的 分析1999年9月至2009年12月在浙江省温州医学院附属眼视光医院施行角膜移植手术病例的病因以及手术方式的变化趋势.方法 调查研究.统计1999年9月至2009年12月在眼视光医院施行角膜移植手术患者的病因,并记录患者的年龄、性别、籍贯、诊断、手术方式等相关信息,把上述信息输入Excel表格中,进行描述性分析,计算百分比,结果用各种统计图表来表示.结果 这10年间行角膜移植手术患者的年龄分布呈正态性,平均为44.4岁,高峰在50～59岁.男性患者多于女性患者,男性患者在细菌件角膜病变和外伤中所占的百分比明显高于女性.近2/3患者来源于温州地区.共对651例患者(727眼)施行了角膜移植手术,其中439例(495眼)行穿透性角膜移植术,103例(123眼)行深板层角膜移植术,62例(62眼)行板层角膜移植术,40例(40眼)行穿透性角膜移植联合白内障摘除手术,7例(7眼)行其他类型角膜移植手术.最常见的病因为感染性角膜病变,168眼(23.1%),其中细菌性角膜溃疡86眼(11.8%),真菌性角膜溃疡82眼(11.3%).其他的有单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎165眼(22.7%),角膜白斑(包括先天性白斑以及感染愈合后遗留的白斑)95眼(13.1%),外伤(包括化学伤、热烧伤、爆炸伤以及外伤后角膜疤痕)64眼(8.8%),圆锥角膜58眼(8.0%),大泡性角膜病变(人工晶状体眼或无晶状体眼)57眼(7.8%),角结膜皮样瘤(包括Goldenharr综合征)43眼(5.9%)以及各种类型角膜营养不良和变性41眼(5.6%),24眼(3.3%)为再次移植.穿透性角膜移植手术量从2005年后有逐渐下降趋势,而板层和深板层角膜移植手术量有逐渐增加趋势.结论 感染性角膜病变是温州地区角膜移植最常见的病因,单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎是单病种中最多见的病因.本次研究结果和中国北部地区结果相似,和欧美国家结果有所不同.对于内皮功能正常的患者,深板层角膜移植术将逐渐取代穿透性角膜移植术.     

Therapeutic keratoplasty for infectious keratitis: a review of the literature.

PURPOSE: This article provides a review of the literature on various aspects of therapeutic keratoplasty, including indications, techniques, complications and outcome, and its application in cases of infectious keratitis. METHODS: Various articles on therapeutic keratoplasty (including English- and non-English-language publications) were analyzed. Selection of the articles was based on a Medline search for articles using the key words therapeutic keratoplasty, penetrating keratoplasty, therapeutic keratoplasty for infectious keratitis, non-healing corneal ulcer, microbial keratitis, and perforated corneal ulcer. Abstracts in English were used for non-English articles. RESULTS: Therapeutic keratoplasty has a definitive role in the management of progressive bacterial, fungal, Acanthamoeba, and viral keratitis refractory to medical treatment. Management of bacterial keratitis has higher functional success and anatomic cure rate compared with fungal, viral and Acanthamoeba keratitis. Therapeutic keratoplasty offers a cure rate of up to 100% in bacterial and fungal keratitis, whereas the recurrence of infection after Acanthamoeba keratitis is frequent. Visual outcome depends on various factors such as the causative agent, timing of surgery, degree of inflammation, type of donor material used, and size of the graft used. For example, larger grafts have a higher incidence of graft rejection and failure compared to smaller grafts. The primary aim of the procedure is to reestablish the integrity of the globe and to eliminate the infectious disease process. Visual rehabilitation is a secondary outcome. CONCLUSIONS: This review helps to elucidate the various aspects of therapeutic keratoplasty, including indications, preoperative assessment, surgical techniques, postoperative management, complications, and anatomic and functional outcome.