全程分期健康教育在产科护理实习生临床带教中的应用

实习生的临床带教是护理教育的重要环节，也是实习生成长的关键时期。产科作为护理实习生临床轮转实习的重要科室，由于其对专科知识要求较高，学生在此轮转实习的时间相对较短（一般2~5w），给临床带教带来了一定的困难。全程分期健康教育是从心理、生理、社会、文化、精神等方面为患者提供整体护理[1]。建立全程分期健康教育的方法，不仅满足孕产妇不同阶段的护理需要，提高孕产妇的满意度，更有利于调动护理人员的主观能动性。我院妇产科教研室结合教学大纲与专科临床特点，通过2学年的临床带教实践，对在产科轮转实习的护理实习生实施全程分期健康教育，取得了良好效果，现报道如下。     

带教护理专业实习学生的工作经验应用研析

目的 总结研究带教护理专业实习学生的经验,培养护理专业实习学生具有良好的实际操作能力和严谨的工作作风.方法 将多年来带教护理专业实习生的经验总结并用于带教,结合教学实习计划实施.结果 在2000年,未应用带教经验,护理专业实习生对科室带教满意率打分为80分,科室护士长对护理专业实习生综合能力和实习评价打分为80分,2007年,应用带教经验后,以上满意率和实习评价打分分别为96分和95分,说明带教护理专业实习生的经验具有价值,总结成文,可对将来带教护理专业实习生具有积极的能动作用.     

浅谈实习护士的带教工作

浅谈实习护士的带教工作陈一枝护生进入临床实习阶段是一个较大的转折，她们结束了在学校有规律的学习．转入医院开始全日临床实习，工作、生活，学习方式都发生了变化、因而必然会出现一些心理障碍。带教老师如何引导实习生尽快摆脱困境。达到护生顺利完成实习要求的目的...     

临床路径在消化内科护理带教中的应用效果

目的：探讨分析临床路径在消化内科护理带教中的应用效果。方法选取2012年9月~2013年9月于我院消化内科实习的80名护理实习生,根据随机化的原则分成观察组和对照组各40例,对照组采用传统护理带教方法带教,观察组采用临床路径式带教方法代教,教学结束后对比分析两组护理实习生的理论及实践能力、实习生对不同带教方式的满意程度。结果临床实习后出科考试中,观察组实习护生的理论知识成绩和实践技能成绩均显著高于对照组实习护生(P<0.05),观察组实习生对带教模式满意度显著高于对照组,(P<0.05)。结论临床路径式护理带教可丰富实习护生的理论知识,提升实践技能,提高实习护生对临床教学的满意程度,显著提高临床教学价值,值得在消化内科护理带教工作中借鉴应用。     

泌尿外科临床实习带教几点思考

泌尿外科临床实习是医学生外科系统实习内容中不可缺少的重要组成部分。采取什么样的带教模式使得实习生掌握泌尿外科临床基本技能及医生道德素养是泌尿外科临床实习带教老师重点关注和深入研究的课题之一。本文笔者对目前在泌尿外科临床实习阶段中普遍存在的问题、影响因素和近些年来自己在泌尿外科临床实习带教工作中的一些不成熟的想法和探索进行总结,望能跟广大临床带教医生进行交流和探讨,探求一种能够充分调动实习生积极性和提高泌尿外科临床实习教学质量的思路和解决方案。     

外科临床带教中的几点体会

在医学生的临床实习过程中，普通外科是一个主要科室，实习的时间相对较长，多数学员最感兴趣，操作的机会比较多。现时的教学模式在传统的灌输式的基础上有了很大的提高。作为带教老师，如何调动和引导发挥学员的主观能动性，使学员学到并掌握更多的知识，是临床带教值得总结和重视的。作者结合实际谈几点体会。     

骨科临床实习的带教体会

骨科是一门实践性很强的学科，需要带教老师根据骨科临床特点和要求，在目前现有的条件下，积极、灵活地把教学、操作、正确医患关系等问题融入到临床教学工作。现就骨科临床实习带教实践中的一些体会报告如下。     

心血管外科临床护理带教的体会

临床实习是护生成长为护士的重要阶段，是护生经历护理职业化的过程，是护生培养职业情感的关键时期，护理带教显得尤为重要，带教老师的素质直接影响着带教质量。心血管外科是我院重点科室，又是一个专业技术性强、急危重症患者较多的科室，监护室里有先进的监护设备和精密的仪器，心血管外科疾病在外科书上提及很少，在实习过程中一边学、一边用。     

对护生实习后期进行强化教学的探讨

护理实习生毕业实习是理论联系实际的重要教学环节，也是学生掌握专业知识和技能不可缺少的阶段，许多学生毕业后直接就业，实习后期的带教尤为重要。为保证临床护理教学工作的顺利实施，使护生更好地将理论知识应用于临床，完成实习计划，为走向工作岗位奠定良好的基础，我院护理部在临床带教后期（护生实习最后两个月）采取了以下强化教学措施，收到了良好的效果。具体内容介绍如下     

手术室护理带教体会

众所周知，实习是实习护士走向临床工作的桥梁，带教是培养高质量护理人才的重要环节。如何让实习护士通过实习并成为合格的护理人才，是我们护理工作者，特别是管理者和带教者认真思考的问题。手术室工作具有一定的特殊性，实习护士带教技术性强、标准要求高，在带教过程中虽然通过示教和演练，但遇到实际问题仍难以处理，实习护士们要在短短四周内，掌握手术室知识和技能，是不切合实际的。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.