离子色谱法测定饮水中一溴乙酸、二溴乙酸和溴酸盐

目的:建立简便快速梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定饮用水中一溴乙酸(MBAA)、二溴乙酸(DBAA)、溴酸盐(BrO3-)。方法:选用IonPac AS18阴离子分析柱,0～45 mmol/L KOH淋洗液,流速为1.0 ml/min,电导检测器检测。样品经0.45μm滤膜过滤后直接进样。结果:本法线性相关性好(r≥0.9990),精密度好(RSD5.0%),样品加标平均回收率为87.0%～101.0%,最低检出量0.006μg/ml～0.025μg/ml。结论:该法操作简单、快速、准确、灵敏、适用于大批水样分析。     

离子色谱法测定血清中5-羟基吲哚乙酸含量研究

目的:建立简便快速梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定血清中5-羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量。方法:选用IonPac AS11阴离子分析柱,0 mmol/L～25 mmol/L,KOH淋洗液,流速为1.0 ml/min,电导检测器检测,样品经10000 rpm/min高速离心后用0.25μm滤膜过滤后直接进样。结果:本法线性相关性好(r≥0.9994),精密度好(RSD<5.0%),样品加标平均回收率为87%～99%,最低检出量0.063μg/ml。结论:该法操作简单、快速、准确、灵敏、适用于大批血清样分析。     

离子色谱法测定尿中三氯乙酸

目的:建立尿中三氯乙酸(TCA)的简便快速离子色谱法。方法:用AS19阴离子分析柱1,0 mmol～35 mmol KOH淋洗液,流速为1.00 ml/min,电导检测器。样品经高速离心用0.25μm微孔滤膜过滤稀释后直接进样。结果:本法相关性好(r=0.9998),精密度高(RSD<5.0),样品平均加标回收率为97.0%～101.2%,检出限为0.06 mg/L。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏、实用,适用于应急样品和大批尿样分析。     

离子色谱法快速测定瓜果中乙烯利含量研究

目的:应用梯度淋洗离子色谱法快速测定瓜果中乙烯利含量.方法:选用IonpacASl8阴离子分析柱,0～48 mmol/L KOH淋洗液,流速为1.0 ml/min,电导检测器.用纯水萃取样品,经高速离心、过C10小柱、用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤后直接进样.结果:本法相关性好(r=0.9995),精密度高(RSD%＜5.0),样品加标平均回收率为86.0%～101%,最低检出量0.050 Ixg/g.结论:该法操作简单、快速、准确、灵敏,适用于大批样分析.     

高效液相色谱法测定面粉中的杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时快速检测食物中毒面粉样品中的杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵的分析方法。方法:样品用乙腈提取滤膜过滤后直接进样,以pH为4.50的0.010 mol/L醋酸铵 乙腈(43 57)为流动相,流速0.6 ml/min,经ODS-C18色谱柱(40℃)分离,紫外检测器或二极管阵列检测器在306 nm处同时检测。结果:分离测定过程在8 min内完成。杀鼠醚和杀鼠灵在0.05~20.0μg/ml浓度范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,以3倍信噪比计算两种鼠药的最低检测浓度为0.01μg/ml,样品加标平均回收率在95.0%~109.2%之间,相对标准偏差为1.0%~9.6%。结论:本方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,满足食物中毒应急检测需要。     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中天麻素含量

目的:建立保健食品中天麻素的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法:样品以甲醇提取,中性氧化铝柱净化,ZORBAXEclipse Plus C18(4.6×250 mm)柱分离,流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐溶液-水(7:3:90),流速:1.0 ml/min,紫外检测器检测,波长:223 nm。结果:天麻素在5~25μg/ml有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9995。检出限为0.04μg/ml,最低检出浓度为0.08 mg/kg。样品测定的精密度为2.8%~3.0%;样品加标回收率为95.6%~96.6%,平均回收率为96.0%。结论:本方法简便快速、检测灵敏度高,适用于保健食品中天麻素的测定。     

免试剂离子色谱法测定变质甘蔗中3-硝基丙酸

目的:建立变质甘蔗中3-硝基丙酸(3-NPA)的简便快速离子色谱法。方法:利用dionex1500型离子色谱仪,选用AS19阴离子分析柱,20 mmol KOH淋洗液,流速为1.00 ml/min,电导检测器。样品用纯水超声提取后,经高速离心0.2μm滤膜过滤后直接进样。结果:本法相关性好(r=0.9998),精密度高(RSD<3.0),样品平均加标回收率为96%～102%,定性检出限为0.03 mg/kg,定量检出限为0.08 mg/kg。结论:该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、选择性强,适用于变质甘蔗食物中毒分析。     

加热对食用植物油中短链脂肪酸含量的影响

目的建立气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)直接分析植物油中短链脂肪酸,研究食用植物油经高温加热后油脂短链脂肪酸的含量变化。方法经高温加热的正常食用植物油样品利用皂化、酸化、萃取的方法,提取短链脂肪酸,GCMS定性、定量分析。结果正己酸、正庚酸、辛酸在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.999 4、0.998 9、0.996 4。以峰面积对样品的浓度建立线性回归方程,检出限分别为2.73×10~(-3)μg/ml、4.07×10~(-3)μg/ml、2.33×10~(-2)μg/ml,定量限分别为9.11×10~(-3)μg/ml、1.36×10~(-2)μg/ml、7.76×10~(-2)μg/ml。结论本法操作简便、快速、准确、检出限低,可用于植物油中短链脂肪酸的检测。食用植物油中的短链脂肪酸的含量与其加热程度、次数密切相关。本法有望作为煎炸老油鉴别的特异方法,同时对地沟油的鉴别检测也有一定的借鉴作用。     

气相色谱-氮磷检测器测定牛奶及奶粉中三聚氰胺

目的:建立应用气相色谱-氮磷检测器测定牛奶及奶粉中三聚氰胺含量的方法。方法:样品用三氯乙酸提取,MCX阳离子固相萃取柱净化后,采用DB-1701毛细管柱和氮磷检测器进行检测。结果:方法线性范围在0.05μg/ml～5μg/ml,定量限为0.1 mg/kg(牛奶)和0.25 mg/kg(奶粉),相对标准偏差为2.1%～7.9%,回收率为86.4%～108%。结论:本方法不经衍生化处理直接测定三聚氰胺,简便、快速,灵敏度较高。     

高效液相色谱法测定辣椒粉中的碱性橙

目的:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定辣椒粉中的碱性橙。方法:称取样品于50 ml塑料离心管中,加入10 ml提取液,超声、离心后,取上清液过膜进样。采用XDB-C18色谱柱(5μm,4.6×250 mm),流动相为乙腈+乙酸铵(75+25),流速1.0 ml/min,二极管阵列检测器检测。结果:碱性橙在1.0μg/ml～50.0μg/ml范围内线性良好(r=0.9992),且峰形较好,回收率为93.4%,精密度RSD=0.61%,最低检出限为0.3μg/ml。结论:高效液相色谱法测定辣椒粉中的碱性橙,方法定性准确、灵敏度高、回收率和重现性好,操作快速,结果准确可靠。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

中国儿童营养面临的双重负担——营养不良和超重肥胖

  目的   研究2013年中国0～5岁儿童营养不良现况及分布特点。  方法   利用2013年中国0～5岁儿童和乳母营养健康状况监测数据,对32 862名0～5岁儿童进行分析,结果用2010年国家统计局的人口数据进行复杂加权计算。  结果   2013年中国0～5岁儿童低体重率为2.5 %,其中男童为2.6 %,女童为2.4 %;大城市、中小城市、普通农村、贫困农村分别为1.3 %、1.7 %、2.3 % 和5.1 %;低体重率在不同月龄组、四类水平地区上存在差异。中国0～5岁儿童生长迟缓率为8.1 %,其中男童为8.7 %,女童为7.4 %;大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村分别为2.7 %、4.4 %、7.5 % 和19.0 %;生长迟缓率在不同月龄组、城乡、四类水平地区存在差异。中国0～5岁儿童消瘦率为2.0 %,男童和女童均为2.0 %;大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村分别为2.4 %、1.4 %、2.2 % 和2.7 %;消瘦率在不同月龄组、城乡、四类水平地区存在差异。低体重率、生长迟缓率和消瘦率均表现为低收入水平家庭的儿童高于高收入家庭。  结论   中国0～5岁学龄前儿童营养不良率均存在城乡、不同收入水平、不同月龄组的差异,农村、特别是贫困农村地区儿童的营养不良状况依然需要关注。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...