非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效初步评价

随着手术技术及器械研制的进步 ,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCABG)已广泛应用于临床。与传统冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CCABG)比较 ,OPCABG术后桥血管通畅率无明显变化 ,术后心、脑、肺等常见并发症减少 ,死亡率低 ,ICU及总住院时间缩短 ,费用低 ,对高危患者更具安全性。是冠心病患者有效可靠的治疗手段     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术329例疗效分析

目的　分析 3 2 9例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的临床效果。方法2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 5月完成OPCAB手术 3 2 9例 ,男 2 50例 ,女 79例 ;平均年龄 (63 6± 9 1)岁。研究对象分为三组 :陈旧性心肌梗死 95例 (2 8 9% ) ,急性心肌梗死 54例 (16 4% ) ,单纯心绞痛 180例 (54 7% )。对各组手术的近期临床效果进行统计分析。结果　全部 3 2 9例采用OPCAB手术方式 ,无一例中转至体外循环。平均旁路移植 (3 0 9± 0 77)支。旁路材料选用乳内动脉 2 66例(80 9% ) ,桡动脉 159例 (48 3 % ) ;全动脉化 2 1例 (10 1% )。术中同时行激光打孔 2 2例 (6 69% ) ;非体外循环下行室壁瘤缝缩术 1例。应用主动脉内球囊反搏 2 7例 (8 2 % )。手术死亡 4例 ,病死率1 2 %。术后严重并发症 17例 (5 2 % )。除在主动脉内球囊反搏使用方面陈旧及急性心肌梗死组明显高于心绞痛组外 ,其余各指标无组间显著性差异。结论　OPCAB可同样安全有效地应用于心肌梗死及心绞痛患者     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的总结分析非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）在冠心病外科的治疗效果和临床经验。方法回顾性分析我院2003年1月～2011年6月共完成OPCAB患者217例临床资料。结果 2例术中转为体外循环下手术,其余215例均于非体外循环下完成。全组搭桥血管数为（3.14±1.52）支/例。术后早期死亡3例,6例应用主动脉内球囊反搏泵支持,术后发生呼吸衰竭6例,围手术期心肌梗死3例,肺动脉栓塞3例,肾功能衰竭2例,脑血管意外1例,二次开胸止血1例。结论 OPCAB的手术病死率和术后并发症的发生率低,临床治疗效果满意。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术46例的手术配合

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植入(OPCAB)是20世纪90年代中期发展的微创技术.OPCAB手术与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)相比较,具有创伤小,手术简单,避免了体外循环所带来的肺、脑、肾和血液的损害,心脏的缺血和再灌注损伤较轻,减少术后并发症和用血量,缩短了住院时间等特点[1].     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术185例临床报告

目的 总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（off pump coronary artery bypass grafting，OPCAB）185例临床经验。方法 185例病人接受OPCAB，采用左乳内动脉旁路者160例，且均与前降支吻合，其余旁路采用大隐静脉，术中采用超声血流检测仪测量旁路血管旁路的血流量、旁路血流的灌注指数（perfusion index，PI）及其波形，判断旁路通畅情况。结果 本组死亡1例，其余病人恢复顺利，心绞痛症状消失，心功能（纽约心脏协会分级）恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论 OPCAB是一种合理、安全的术式，临床效果满意。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中转体外循环后的临床转归

目的：总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）中转为体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植手术（ONCABG）对临床转归的影响,为合理选择术式,改善外科疗效提供依据.方法：自2010年4月至2013年5月,93例患者在我院接受OPCABG手术治疗过程中未能顺利实施,而中转为ONCABG手术.其中80例为紧急中转,13例为选择性中转.回顾分析中转手术病死率、严重并发症发生率、循环辅助手段应用情况、住院时间等指标,判断中转手术方式对疗效的影响.结果：与选择性中转对比,OP-CABG紧急中转为ONCABG,延长了呼吸机治疗时间[18（13.5,33.5） vs.40.5（19,120.3）h,P＜0.05]、呼吸机通气＞48 h患者的比例明显升高（7.7％ vs.46.3％,P＜0.05）,监护室时间增加[48 （21.5,49）vs.76（27,142.3）h,P＜0.05],住院时间延长[18（14.5,21.5） vs.8（11,23.8）d,P＜0.05],围术期心肌梗死发生率高（7.7％ vs.38.8％,P＜0.05）,增加了主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）（15.4％ vs.87.5％,P＜0.01）及体外人工肺支持系统（ECMO）使用率（零vs.26.3％,P＜0.05）,手术病死率增高显著（零vs.37.5％,P＜0.01）.结论：OPCABG术中紧急中转术式对临床转归有不良影响,应采取综合措施预防和避免.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后房颤相关因素分析

对312例非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)患者术后心房颤动(AF)的发生情况进行监测,将患者分为AF组和非AF组,对术前、术中和术后的相关因素进行分析,筛选出易致AF的有关因素.结果 OP-CAB术后AF的发生率为15.7%,高龄、高血压、急诊手术、血管桥数、术后早期没及时用β受体阻滞剂、血钾浓度是术后AF的危险因素.认为OPCAB术后AF的发生较普遍,围术期需进行风险评估,对高危患者进行干预,以减少术后AF的发生.     

体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的心肌保护

体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）是非体外循环下旁路移植术（OPCAB）的基础.如何做好体外循环下CABG的心肌保护尤其重要.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术分析

目的:总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的经验。方法:在非体外循环条件下对31例冠心病患者进行冠状动脉旁路移植术,观察手术效果、并发症及预后等情况。结果:全组均在非体外循环下完成手术,死亡 1例;余患者心绞痛症状全部缓解,心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,恢复正常生活。结论:非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥手术安全有效,在一些高危患者较之体外循环更显出其优势。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的疗效

目的 观察非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）治疗冠心病的疗效。方法 170例冠心病患者随机分为体外循环下CABG组（On-pump组,n=85例）和非体外循环不停跳CABG组（Off-pump组,n=85例）。观察两组患者氧合指数（OI）、肺泡-动脉氧差（AaDO2）、呼吸机辅助时间、正性肌力药物使用量及时间、术后24 h出血量、输血量及心肌酶值。结果 Off-pump组在出血量、输血量、辅助呼吸时间、呼吸指标均明显优于On-pump组,正性肌力药物使用时间及心肌酶值显著少于On-pump组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 采用非体外循环进行CABG治疗冠心病优于体外循环。     

No decrease in incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: With the introduction of beating heart surgery, there has been a renewed interest in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A small number of studies have reported markedly decreased incidences of postoperative AF in patients undergoing off-pump CABG. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to review the incidence of AF in patients undergoing off-pump CABG at Royal Melbourne Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of 80 patients who had elective first-time CABG off-pump over a 16-month period. These patients were matched with 80 patients who underwent CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Data on preoperative and operative variables were collected. Incidences of postoperative AF in both groups were recorded. RESULTS: The incidence of AF in the off-pump group was 27 of 80 patients (34%) and in the CPB group it was 25 of 80 patients (31%; NS). Increasing age was a significant risk factor for developing postoperative AF, and beta-blockade was identified as a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: Off-pump CABG does not decrease the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. A randomised prospective trial has been commenced at Royal Melbourne Hospital to further investigate postoperative outcomes of off-pump CABG.     

Early pharmacologic conversion of atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early amiodarone-based pharmacological cardioversion for postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) following off-pump coronary bypass grafting (OPCAB).MethodsA total of 507 patients who underwent OPCAB between 2015 and 2017 were categorized into POAF (n=94) and no-POAF (n=413) groups. Patients in the POAF group were treated according to the following institutional protocol: 150 mg loading dose of intravenous amiodarone, followed by oral administration with sequential maintenance doses at 600, 400, and 200 mg per day. If sinus rhythm was restored before discharge, patients were discharged without amiodarone or anticoagulants, except for dual antiplatelets.ResultsBefore discharge at index hospitalization, 97.8% of POAF patients had restored sinus rhythm. Independent risk factors for POAF were age, unstable angina, prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and left atrial diameter. The mean follow-up duration was 41.1±12.8 months. Freedom from overall mortality and composite events, including mortality, major bleeding requiring admission and cerebrovascular events, were similar between the 2 groups. Results were consistent after propensity-score matching.ConclusionsAmiodarone-based rapid pharmacological cardioversion of POAF resulted in a high sinus rhythm conversion rate (97.9%). Rate of late adverse cardiovascular events including stroke, were low even without anticoagulation. As optimal treatment and anticoagulation guidelines for POAF after OPCAB have not yet been established, amiodarone-based treatment protocols may be considered as a useful option.     

Concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass and cardiac valve surgery

Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in conjunction with other cardiac surgery is now a class I guideline recommendation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the concomitant surgical ablation of AF can be performed safely and effectively during valve and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) resulting in a return to sinus rhythm postoperatively and improved long‐term results. However, the surgical ablation of AF at the time of other cardiac surgery is performed less often than it should be, especially in patients undergoing CABG and aortic valve surgery. Randomized‐controlled trials designed to determine the effect of treating AF concomitantly with other cardiac surgical procedures have lacked long‐term follow up, but multiple, large observational studies have demonstrated an improved quality of life, a decrease in long‐term strokes, and improved late survival in patients who undergo AF ablation. However, the potential survival benefit of concomitant AF ablation was not addressed by either the Society of Thoracic Surgery or American Association for Thoracic Surgery guideline committees. Left atrial appendage closure is an important part of the surgical ablation of AF as it significantly reduces the long‐term risk of stroke following cardiac surgery and improves the success of AF treatment. In this study, we update the electrophysiology and surgical community on the recommended surgical techniques for AF ablation and its effect on perioperative morbidity, perioperative mortality, as well as its long‐term effects on stroke, quality of life, and survival.     

Coronary artery surgery: conventional coronary artery bypass grafting versus off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Coronary revascularization has become the principal treatment modality in patients with severe coronary artery disease. The broader application of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with multivessel disease and the recent introduction of drug-eluting stents have both lead to a decline in the number of patients referred for surgical revascularization. Conventional coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass is an excellent treatment, however less invasive surgical approaches such as off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting have appeared in the past few years. The exact role of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is still vaguely defined and being critically evaluated. Our aim is to provide an objective review of the recent literature in regard to surgical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: A critical review of all relevant clinical series from May 2003 to May 2005 was conducted. Current prospective data suggests that both techniques have similar rates of mortality, in regard to morbidity, multiple prospective studies suggest a decrease in stroke rates for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. The incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction does not appear to differ between techniques. When analyzed carefully, the results presented herein seem to indicate that both techniques provide similar rates for long-term patency and freedom from surgical reintervention. SUMMARY: Coronary artery bypass grafting and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting are both safe and beneficial in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. It appears that elderly patients with additional co-morbid risk factors may benefit most from off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. It has become increasingly apparent that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed safely in reference centers.     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术的麻醉管理

目的 :总结 2 8例非体外循环下多支冠状动脉搭桥术的麻醉管理。方法 :术前依据患者心脏功能及全身状况 ,给予营养心肌、扩冠、降压、利尿等治疗。采用静吸复合麻醉 ,气管插管控制呼吸 ,在非体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥术。结果 :手术期间 4例血压过低 ,2例 ST段显著抬高伴室性心律失常 ,改为体外循环辅助下手术 ,余 2 2例术中血流动力学平稳。术毕非体外循环组 2 2例 6～ 8h内拔管 ,明显少于体外循环组 （10～ 16h）。 2 8例预后良好 ,无麻醉并发症。结论 :维持血流动力学平稳和心肌氧供需平衡 ,是非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术麻醉的关键     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术早期疗效分析

目的:探讨体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCABG）早期疗效的差异。方法: 采集自2003年10月~2008年1月我院单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术5325例临床资料,分为CCABG组（343例）与OPCABG组（4 982例）。对两组患者各项术前因素、术中因素、手术死亡率及并发症进行比较。结果: OPCABG组实际手术死亡率（1.7％）明显低于CCABG组（6.7％）,P<0.01;术后二次开胸止血、肾功能不全等并发症的发生率及ICU停留时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后住院时间都低于CCABG组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。风险调整后CCABG组手术死亡率仍高于OPCABG组6个百分点,术后并发症的发生率均略高于OPCABG组（P<0.05）。结论: CCABG与OPCABG早期临床疗效均令人满意,后者更好一些。