红细胞膜脂肪酸成分、膜流动性改变与糖尿病视网膜病变的关系

目的探讨红细胞膜脂肪酸成分和膜流动性与糖尿病视网膜病变（ＤＲ）之间的关系。方法采用高效液相色谱法和荧光偏振技术测定２９例正常人和６３例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者红细胞膜脂肪酸成分和膜微粘度。结果ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞膜花生四烯酸（Ｃ２０∶４ｎ－６）含量及百分组成明显低于正常对照组，而膜微粘度则明显高于对照组，且在伴有ＤＲ组其膜微粘度又明显高于不伴有ＤＲ组。患者膜微粘度与膜软脂酸（Ｃ１６∶０）和硬脂酸（Ｃ１８∶０）百分组成呈明显正相关，而与花生四烯酸和廿二碳六烯酸（Ｃ２２∶６ｎ－３）呈明显负相关。结论ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞膜脂酸组成对其膜流动性降低有重要影响，而后者对ＮＩＤＤＭ微血管病变的发生和发展可能起重要作用。     

NIDDM病人红细胞变形能力与膜收缩蛋白关系的研究

检测了７２例ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）和红细胞膜收缩蛋白二聚体（ＳＰ－Ｄ）和四聚体（ＳＰ－Ｔ）相对含量的变化，以探讨膜收缩蛋白对ＥＤ的影响。结果显示，ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞滤过指数（ＩＦ）明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００Ｉ），有血管病变者增高更明显：ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞膜ＳＰ－Ｄ和ＳＰ－Ｄ／ＳＰ－Ｔ明显增高，ＳＰ－Ｔ明显减低，与对照组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），有血管病变者变化较无血管嵅”湔吒飨裕ǎ校迹埃埃埃保＃危桑模模筒∪撕煜赴桑朴耄樱校模樱校模樱校猿收喙兀ǎ校迹埃埃埃保耄樱校猿矢合喙兀ǎ校迹埃埃埃保Ｌ崾荆危桑模模筒∪耍牛慕档涂赡苡牒煜赴な账醯鞍滓斐Ｓ忻芮泄叵     

Diagnostic importance of an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the elderly

Summary The usefulness of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in elderly individuals has recently been questioned. ESR measurements were obtained on 100 elderly individuals using the Westergren method. In 4% of the patients screened the ESR was responsible for uncovering previously undiagnosed illnesses. Elevated ESR's, while more prevalent in the elderly than in younger individuals, have a similar pathological significance.     

慢性地方性氟中毒患者红细胞膜脂质的变化分析

目的 研究氟中毒患者红细胞膜脂质含量和组分及防氟改水后的变化。方法 研究对象为对氟中毒轻、重病区和改水5年的氟中毒患者；Pande等法测定红细胞膜中总脂，Takemura φ Miyazaki法测定总磷脂，Jak法测定总胆固醇，Shimo-Saki的改良法测定脂性荧光物质，薄层色谱法测定磷脂的主要组分。结果 重病区氟中毒患者红细胞膜中LSFP、PC明显高于轻病区和改水5年区，改水后PC显著降低（P〈0．0．5）。重病区患者总胆固醇的含量、胆固醇，磷脂的比值、SM均明显高于轻病区患者（P〈0．0．5），而与改水区无明显差异。但改水后总胆固醇的含量、胆固醇，磷脂的比值仍显著高于轻病区（P〈0．0．5）。结论 氟可引起红细胞膜脂质损伤，防氟改水可以使氟中毒患者红细胞膜中的脂质氧化有一定的改善。     

老年脑血管病患者红细胞膜流动性改变及影响因素的研究

本文作者应用荧光偏振法测定老年脑血管病患者红细胞膜流动性，观察血浆、红细胞膜过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量、血脂对红细胞膜流动性的影响。结果表明，老年脑血管病患者红细胞微粘度增加，膜流动性降低，与以照组比较有显著差异。相关分析结果表明，红细胞微粘度与血浆、红细胞膜ＬＰＯ呈正相关；与血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ无相关，提示在脑血管病患者，氧自由基是损伤红细胞膜流动性的因素之一，应用抗自由基药物有保护红     

微量元素锌对大鼠红细胞膜唾液酸含量的影响

对大鼠红细胞膜唾液酸含量进行了测定，并初步观察了微量元素锌和维生素Ｄ３（ＶＤ３）对大鼠红细胞膜唾液酸含量的影响。结果表明，锌对ＶＤ３所引起的红细胞膜唾液酸含量降低具有恢复作用，提示微量元素锌对红细胞膜具有明显的保护作用。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者红细胞膜流动性改变的研究

从血浆脂质的改变及红细胞膜蛋白非酶性糖化两方面，对糖尿病患者红细胞膜流动性的影响作了观察。结果表明糖尿病患者的红细胞膜流动性明显低于同龄健康人，但血浆脂持万分两组间并没有明显差别，而糖尿病患者的红细胞膜蛋白则显著增高，流动性与糖化蛋白之间呈显著的负相关。     

高血压病患者血浆内皮素、一氧化氮含量和红细胞变形能力的变化及其相互关系

目的：研究高血压病（ＥＨ）患者血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）的变化、发病机理及相互关系。方法对７例ＥＨ病人检测血浆ＥＴ、ＮＯ含量和红细胞滤过指数（ＥＦＩ）。结果ＥＨ患者血浆ＥＴ含量和ＥＦＩ升高,血浆ＮＯ含量降低;随着血压程度的升高和疾病的进展,ＥＴ含量和ＥＦＩ明显升高,而ＮＯ含量明显降低;ＥＨ患者血压与血浆ＥＴ含量和ＥＦＩ呈正相关,与ＮＯ含量呈负相关;ＥＴ含量与ＥＦＩ     

脑梗塞与红细胞胆固醇、血液超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化脂质水平关系探讨

检测１０９例脑梗塞患者和１００例健康对照者红细胞胆固醇（Ｅ－Ｃｈ）含量、血浆和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ）活性及血浆和红细胞过氧化脂质（Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ）含量的结果表明，患者组Ｅ－Ｃｈ、ＰＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ平均含量皆显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１），Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ平均活性皆显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）；患者病情随Ｅ－Ｃｈ含量升高而加重，呈直线相关；患者Ｅ－Ｃｈ含量随Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ活性下降而升高，随Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ含量上升而升高，均呈直线相关。提示脑梗塞患者红细胞膜内脂质代谢异常与体内氧自由基反应和脂质过氧化反应病理性加剧有一定程度的相关性。     

NIDDM病人红细胞变形能力与红细胞ATP酶活性和红细胞内离子浓度关系的研究

本文检测了４２例ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞变形能力（ＥＤ）和红细胞ＡＴＰ酶活性、红细胞内离子浓度的变化。结果显示ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞滤过指数（ＩＦ）较对照组明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）；红细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性变化不明显；红细胞内Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋浓度较对照组明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｍｇ２＋浓度较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。有血管病变者这些变化较无血管病变者更明显。ＮＩＤＤＭ病人红细胞ＩＦ与Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４６８，－０．４５８，Ｐ＜０．００１），与红细胞内Ｎａ＋、Ｃａ２＋浓度呈正相关（ｒ＝－０．４７３，０．４６６，Ｐ＜０．Ｄ０１），与Ｍｇ２＋浓度呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．４３６，Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Ⅱ型先天性红细胞生成异常性贫血患者红细胞膜超微结构和膜蛋白变化

目的 对1例先天性红细胞生成异常性贫血(CDA)进行确诊。方法 常规方法进行溶血相关试验;按国际血液学标准委员会推荐法测定红细胞酶活力;以4％～15％SDS-聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶行红细胞膜蛋白电泳定性定量分析;在透射电镜下观察红细胞膜超微结构。结果 (1)骨髓象示红系明显增生(占0．80),其中对称双核畸形晚幼红细胞占0、10。成熟红细胞淡染区扩大。(2)骨髓外铁强阳性,内铁0．98,血清铁蛋白1607μg/L,血糖27、5mmol／L。(3)Ham试验自身血清(-),正常人血清( )。(4)Hb电泳见H快迁移区带,H包涵体( )。(5)红细胞膜蛋白电泳显示带3蛋白迁移率增快(110％),区带蛋白1、3和4．1迁移率(％)有不同程度减少,分别为11．6(正常对照12、5～14．1)、20．0(21．2～24．3)和6、7(7、4～9．2)。(6)透射电镜结果显示,红细胞出现“双重膜”结构,在细胞膜外周形成开裂、甚至脱落。结论 该患者确诊为Ⅱ型CDA合并α型地中海贫血,继发铁末沉着症、糖尿病。     

Presence of cytosolic peroxiredoxin 2 in the erythrocyte membrane of patients with hereditary spherocytosis

We studied 82 Portuguese individuals, 57 with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and 25 unaffected controls. We performed standardized diagnosis tests, including electrophoretic membrane protein analysis to identify and quantify protein deficiencies underlying HS. Membrane bound hemoglobin (MBH) and band 3 profiles were determined as oxidative stress and aging markers. A protein of about 22 kDa, present in 21 of 57 HS patients, but not in controls, was identified as peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), by mass-spectroscopy and by immunoblotting. Human erythrocyte Prx2 is a peroxiredoxin with thiol-specific antioxidant activity. The presence of Prx2 in erythrocyte membranes was linked to higher levels of oxidative stress, as reflected by significantly increased MBH in those HS patients. No relation with HS clinical severity was observed and Prx2 was detected in all types of membrane protein abnormalities. Prx2 membrane linkage is associated with a higher oxidative stress susceptibility of HS erythrocytes.     

生长抑素对急性胰腺炎患者红细胞指数及微循环状态的影响

目的探讨生长抑素对急性胰腺炎患者红细胞指数及微循环状态的影响。方法选取2011年12月-2013年10月广东省普宁市普宁华侨医院内一区收治的80例急性胰腺炎患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组(常规急性胰腺炎治疗)40例和观察组(常规治疗加生长抑素)40例,对两组患者治疗前和治疗后第3天和第7天的红细胞指数及微循环状态相关指标进行统计与比较。结果观察组治疗后第3天和第7天的红细胞指数均低于对照组,胰腺血流指标及甲襞微循环等微循环状态相关指标也均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论生长抑素对急性胰腺炎患者红细胞指数及微循环状态的影响较大,对胰腺炎患者的疾病状态改善作用明显。     

迪化糖锭对NIDDM病人胰岛素受体和红细胞膜流动性的影响

采用迪化糖锭（Ｄｉａｆｏｒｍｉｎ）治疗２０例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）患者，观察该药对血糖、血浆胰岛素浓度、红细胞膜胰岛素受体和红细胞膜流动性的影响。结果显示：①患者的血糖和血浆胰岛素浓度较治疗前降低；②胰岛素受体结合位点数显著增加，红细胞膜流动性显著升高。提示用Ｄｉａｆｏｒｍｉｎ后，ＮＩＤＤＭ患者的胰岛素受体结合位点增加，红细胞膜流动性改善，同时该药也发挥了降血糖作用。     

Comparative analysis between dextran sulfate adsorption and direct adsorption of lipoproteins in their capability to reduce erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation in the peripheral blood

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (EAA) reduction of two low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheretic procedures, namely direct adsorption of lipoproteins (DALI) and dextran sulfate adsorption (DSA). A significant (P < 0.001) reduction of EAA was noted in six hypercholesterolemic patients who underwent a total of 40 apheretic sessions and no difference was noted in the degree of EAA reduction by the two techniques. Thus. being a real-time and point-of-care test, the erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation test can be applied in relevant situations of acute ischemia, where therapeutic LDL apheresis could improve the hemorheology of individuals with increased concentrations of cholesterol and inflammatory sensitive proteins.     

高血压病患者红细胞变形性改变和细胞膜ATP酶活性对其影响及卡托普利干预

目的 探讨高血压病患红细胞变形性（RCD）改变及细胞膜ATP酶活性对其影响,并观察血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂－卡托普利治疗后的变化。方法 采用粘度法、化学比色法测定了20例正常人、30例高血压病及30例高血压病并发脑梗死患的红细胞变形指数（DI）、红细胞膜Na^ ,K^ -ATP酶和Ca^2 -ATP酶活性。其中30例高血压病患接受卡托普利治疗,共24周。结果（1）高血压病组与正常对照组相比,DI值显升高,ATP酶活性降低;高血压病患DI与ATP酶活性呈负相关,DI与DBP呈正相关。（2）高血压病并发脑梗死组与高血压病组相比,DI显升高,ATP酶活性显降低;高血压病并发脑梗死病患,DI与ATP酶活性呈负相关。（3）卡托普利治疗后DI值显下降,ATP酶活性显升高。结论 （1）高血压病患RCD降低,并与细胞膜ATP酶活性降低及血压升高相关;（2）高血压病患并发脑梗死患RCD较高血压病患更低;（3）卡托普利治疗高血压病患在有效降压的同时,能显增加细胞膜ATP酶活性,增加RCD。     

Dependence of Mini-Nutritional Assessment scores with age and some hematological variables in elderly institutionalized patients

BACKGROUND: Nutritional imbalance is a serious problem in developing countries, especially for the older population, which makes simple and rapid instruments for nutritional evaluation very necessary in order to have a detailed picture of the undernutrition epidemiology in those places. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of elderly institutionalized patients by use of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) test and compare the MNA scores with some hematological variables. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in elderly institutionalized patients (153) of all nursing homes in the Brazilian city of Uberlandia, using the MNA questionnaire and quantitative analysis of erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin. The subjects were classified by gender, nutritional state and age range. The nutritional categories were compared by analysis of variance and the dependence between the considered variables was tested with the Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: 60% of the subjects were female. The average age was 74.6 +/- 9.5 and 78.5 +/- 9.5 years for male and female individuals, respectively. 18.3% of the patients presented undernutrition, 45.7% presented risk of undernutrition, and 36.0% were well nourished. These three nutritional categories showed statistically significant differences among the MNA scores, age and all the hematological parameters, for the sum of both genders, but not for the age, iron and transferrin values of the male individuals and hematocrit and hemoglobin values of the female patients. Significant differences between genders were not observed only for the MNA and transferrin values. MNA values presented positive correlations with erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and serum iron levels, and also a negative correlation with age, which was attributed to a worsening of the nutritional state with age. CONCLUSION: Based on the MNA, 64% of the elderly institutionalized patients of Uberlandia presented risk of undernutrition and undernutrition, and their nutritional state is aggravating with the age increase, which is consistent with the age-dependent decrease observed in some hematological variables. Since the low MNA scores were not necessarily associated to subnormal mean values of the hematological variables, we can conclude that the low MNA values are predicting situations that still did not manifest pathologically in those variables.     

疟原虫入侵红细胞的相关分子及其机制

疟原虫入侵宿主红细胞具有高度的种特异性,这些特异性的分子基础是疟原虫蛋白质与宿主红细胞表面蛋白质的相互作用.寻找参与疟原虫入侵红细胞的相关分子及其入侵机制是疟疾研究领域的热点.针对疟原虫不同种和虫株的实验研究并结合生物信息学分析结果表明:裂殖子表面蛋白、网织红细胞结合蛋白家族、红细胞结合蛋白家族以及动力蛋白等是参与疟原虫入侵红细胞的重要蛋白.该文对这方面的研究进展作了系统的综述,并阐述这些蛋白质在疟原虫入侵过程不同阶段中的作用.     

Permeability of the erythrocyte membrane for sodium in hypertension and symptomatic hypertension

Sodium permeability of erythrocyte membranes was examined, using the recording of maximum rates of sodium-lithium countertransport, in patients with essential hypertension of stages II and III by the WHO classification, renal arterial hypertension, Itsenko-Cushing disease, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome and in subjects with normal arterial pressure who made up a control group. Hypertensive patients demonstrated a more than 60% increase in erythrocyte membrane permeability, as compared to normotensive controls. In patients with pheochromocytoma, the permeability values were almost 40% as low as the control ones. No changes in sodium erythrocyte membrane permeability could be demonstrated in patients with renal hypertension, Itsenko-Cushing disease and Conn's syndrome. It is believed that the erythrocyte membrane permeability parameters can be used for the identification of essential hypertension in the differential diagnosis of hypertensions.     

增龄对大鼠心肌线粒体DNA氧化损伤的影响

目的　探讨增龄对大鼠心肌线粒体 DNA(mt DNA)缺失、线粒体呼吸链酶复合体及 ATP合成的影响。方法　 Wistar雄性大鼠分为 3组 :幼年组 (1月龄 )、青年组 (6月龄 )各 1 2只和老年组 (2 4月龄 ) 1 0只。心肌线粒体 DNA缺失、线粒体呼吸链酶复合体及腺苷三磷酸 (ATP)合成分别用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)、酶动力学和生物发光技术进行测定。结果　 3组大鼠均有不同程度 mt DNA缺失。老年组 mt DNA缺失 (2 .0 9± 1 .62 )较幼年组 mt DNA缺失 (0 .77± 1 .1 6)明显增高 (P<0 .0 5) ;较青年组 mt DNA缺失 (1 .54± 1 .1 7)也有升高的趋势 (P>0 .0 5)。老年组心线粒体呼吸链复合酶 活力 (2 347.2 1± 62 3.33)均较青年组 (3 859.1 2± 70 3.53)、幼年组 (4776.90± 548.63)明显降低 (P<0 .0 1 )。老年组心线粒体 ATP合成量 (1 96.95± 33.2 6)较青年组 (337.53± 62 .1 8)明显降低 (P<0 .0 1 )。心线粒体呼吸链复合酶 活力 3组间无明显性差异 (P>0 .0 5)。结论　大鼠线粒体 DNA氧化损伤与衰老有一定的相关性。