参莲颗粒抗突变和抑瘤作用研究

目的:研究参莲颗粒的抗突变和抑瘤作用。方法:以小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验和睾丸染色体畸变实验观察参莲颗粒的抗突变作用;并观察参莲颗粒对S180和H22移植性肿瘤的抑制作用。结果:参莲颗粒对环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生和丝裂霉素诱发的小鼠睾丸细胞染色体畸变均有显著的抑制效果;对S180和H22移植性肿瘤的生长有显著的抑制作用。结论:参莲颗粒对体细胞和生殖细胞的DNA损伤均有保护作用,对小鼠移植性肿瘤有较好的抑制作用。     

核桃楸树皮水提取物抗突变和抑瘤作用研究

目的 研究核桃楸树皮水提取物的抗突变和抑瘤作用.方法 以小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验,观察核桃楸树皮水提取物的抗突变作用;以S-180和H-22移植性肿瘤观察其抑瘤效果.结果 核桃楸树皮水提取物高、低剂量组和环磷酰胺阳性对照组的微核率分别为17.6‰、25.3.5‰、35.7‰;核桃楸树皮水提取物高、低...     

叶绿酸铜钠抗突变作用的实验研究

用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验探讨叶绿酸铜钠的抗突变作用。结果：叶绿酸铜钠能有效地抑制由环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠ＰＣＥ微核的发生;在睾丸染色体畸变试验中,表现为对环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变的抑制作用,由此表明,叶绿酸铜钠是一种有效的抗突变物质。     

邓老凉茶对小鼠致突变安全性评价

目的以小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验为指标,研究邓老凉茶对哺乳动物的致突变安全性。方法(1)小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验:邓老凉茶设10、5.0和2.5g/kg3个剂量组,另设溶剂对照及环磷酰胺阳性对照组(40mg/kg,ip.),对NIH小鼠连续两次灌胃给药,首次给药后30h检查各组小鼠的股骨骨髓多染红细胞微核发生率。(2)小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验:邓老凉茶设10、5.0和2.5g/kg3个剂量组以及溶剂对照、环磷酰胺阳性对照组(40mg/kg,ip.),对NIH小鼠连续灌胃给药5d,1次/d,首次给药后13d制备睾丸染色体标本,油镜下观察100个初级精母细胞中期分裂相,检查性染色体单价体、常染色体单价体、链状多价体、环状多价体和染色体结构畸变发生率以及畸变细胞率。结果及结论(1)小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验:邓老凉茶高、中、低剂量组的微核发生率分别为0.3‰、0.5‰和0.2‰,与溶剂对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),阳性对照组微核发生率为10.2‰,高于溶剂对照组(P<0.01);在本实验条件下邓老凉茶没有诱发小鼠骨髓微核的作用。(2)小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验:邓老凉茶高、中、低剂量组的畸变细胞率分别为4.2%、3.5%和3.7%,与溶剂对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),阳性对照组畸变细胞率为26.6%,高于溶剂对照组(P<0.01);在本实验条件下邓老凉茶没有诱发小鼠初级精母细胞睾丸染色体畸变的作用。     

婆罗门参提取液致突变的实验研究

目的婆罗门参提取液的致突变作用。方法小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验、Ames实验。结果婆罗门参提取液对小鼠骨髓细胞微核无明显的升高作用,小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验各实验组与阴性对照组比较无显著性差异,Ames实验结果为阴性。结论在本次实验条件下,婆罗门参提取液未显示有致突变作用。     

苦参碱脂质体的制备及抗肿瘤活性

目的:探讨增强苦参碱抗肿瘤作用方法.方法:用熔融法制备苦参碱脂质体;制备小鼠活体肿瘤模型,对比观察苦参碱及苦参碱脂质体抗肿瘤作用.结果:熔融法制备的脂质体外观圆整,粒径分布均匀,包封率理想,稳定性良好.苦参碱及苦参碱脂质体均有明显的抗小鼠S-180、H-22、EAC肿瘤的作用,且苦参碱脂质体作用大大强于苦参碱.结论:将苦参碱制备成脂质体剂型能显著增强苦参碱抗肿瘤作用,具有广阔的应用前景.     

苯妥英钠对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率及睾丸染色体畸变率的影响

目的：探讨苯妥英钠的致突变作用。方法：用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验。结果：高浓度苯妥英钠能引起小鼠ＰＣＥ微核的发生率升高；在睾丸染色体畸变试验中，表现为诱导的小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变率升高。结论：苯妥英钠可能具有致突变作用。     

女贞子提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用

目的:观察女贞子中含有熊果酸和齐墩果酸粗提物的抗肿瘤作用。方法:采用小鼠移植性肿瘤模型,观察了女贞子促取物(Extract of Nu Zhen Zi,ENZZ)对H_(22)肝癌、S_(180)肉瘤荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠的生命延长作用。结果:女贞子提取物对小鼠移植性肿瘤H_(22)有抑制,ENZZ 250 mg/kg,500 mg/kg,1000 mg/kg组平均抑瘤率分别为41.49％、48.32％、45.45％,对S_(180)肉瘤实体型有抑制作用,上述三个剂量的抑瘤率分别为37.50％、44.23％、46.15％;女贞子提取物对S_(180)肉瘤腹水型,H_(22)肝癌腹水型无生命延长作用。结论:女贞子提取物对移植性肿瘤H_(22)肝癌、S_(180)肉瘤有抑制作用。     

女贞子提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用

目的：观察女贞子中含有熊果酸和齐墩果酸粗提物的抗肿瘤作用。方法：采用小鼠移植性肿瘤模型，观察了女贞子提取物（Extract of Nu Zhen Zi,ENZZ）对H22肝癌、S180肉瘤荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用，对S180荷瘤小鼠的生命延长作用。结果：女贞子提取物对小鼠移植性肿瘤H22有抑制，ENZZ250mg/kg，500mg/kg，1000mg/kg组平均抑瘤率分别为41.49%、48.32%、45.45%，对S180肉瘤实体型有抑制作用，上述三个剂量的抑瘤率分别为37.50%、44.23%、46.15%；女贞子提取物对S180肉瘤腹水型，H22肝癌腹水型无生命延长作用。结论：女贞子提取物对移植性肿瘤H22肝癌、S180肉瘤有抑制作用。     

栎精的毒性和致突变作用

栎精是天然植物中提取的一种具有祛痰、止咳，并有一定的平喘作用小分子化合物。做为一种抗氧化剂，可以清除体内有害的化学物质氧自由基，使脑细胞少受氧自由基的损伤；同时研究表明栎精具有明显抗诱变作用。由于其自身结构上具有2个苯环的特点决定了栎精具有明显的抗突变作用又有明显的致突变性。本试验采用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验研究栎精的致突变作用。     

Chitosan Oligosaccharide inhibits203HgCl2-induced genotoxicity in mice: Micronuclei occurrence and chromosomal aberration

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of chitosan oligosaccharide and the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on mercury induced genotoxicity in mice using the micronuclei and chromosome aberration. The micronuclei test was performed by microscopic examination (x1,000, stained using a May-Grunwald solution) after administering 0.01, 0.1, and 1% (10 mg/mL) chitosan oligosaccharide for 7, 60, and 180 days ad libitum in mice. Total micronuclei of 1,000 polychromatic erythrocytes were recorded for each group. There was no difference between the untreated and experimental groups. The intake periods and concentrations of chitosan oligosaccharide did not affect the occurrence of micronuclei in bone marrow cells (P>0.05). The chromosomal aberration test was performed by microscopic examination (x1,000, stained using a 4% Giemsa solution) after administering the same concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide to mice, in F1, F2, F3 generations and parents. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was defined as [Ydr = (D+R)/total number of counted lymphocytes]. Similar to the micronuclei test, there was no difference between the untreated and treated groups. These results showed that the intake periods and concentrations of chitosan oligosaccharide did not affect chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells (P>0.05). To investigate the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on mercury-induced chromosome aberration, mice in each condition were supplied with 203HgCl2 and chitosan oligosaccharide ad libitum. Chitosan oligosaccharide significantly inhibited 203HgCl2-induced chromosome aberration in mice. Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that the chitosan oligosaccharide is a nontoxic material that could be used as a suppressor of heavy metal-induced genotoxicity.     

葛明胶囊的毒理学安全性评价

目的评价葛明胶囊的安全性。方法依据毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验和30d喂养试验。结果葛明胶囊经口毒性试验最大耐受剂量(MTD)>10g/kg,属实际无毒级;Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;30d喂养试验中各项指标均未见异常。结论葛明胶囊有较好的安全性。     

Effect of temperature on the frequency of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in cultured Chinese hamster cells

We previously reported that both hyperthermia and hypothermia induced micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells (Asanami and Shimono, 1997a, 1997b, 1999). To investigate the effects of temperature on chromosome aberration in vitro, we conducted chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests under hyper- and hypothermic conditions using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells. In the chromosome aberration test, we observed positive responses at 40 degrees C and 41 degrees C for 24 hr, and at 42 degrees C for 6 hr and over. In the micronucleus test, we observed positive responses at 31 degrees C, 33 degrees C, and 40 degrees C for 24 hr, and at 42 degrees C for 2 hr. The results suggest that in CHL cells, hypothermic conditions can induce micronuclei while hyperthermic conditions can induce both chromosome aberrations and micronuclei.     

聚乙二醇修饰降纤酶的遗传毒性评价

目的检测聚乙二醇修饰降纤酶的遗传毒性。方法应用鼠伤寒沙门菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)、体外培养CHO细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓微核试验检测聚乙二醇修饰降纤酶的遗传毒性。结果 Ames试验结果显示每平皿100、20、4、0.8、0.16 U各个剂量组,在加或不加S9代谢活化系统时对组氨酸缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门菌TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102及TA1535所诱发的回复突变菌落数均与溶剂对照的突变菌落数相近。体外培养CHO细胞染色体畸变试验结果显示2.5、5.0和10.0 U.mL-1各个剂量组在加S9代谢活化系统于24 h和不加S9代谢活化系统于24 h、48 h培养的CHO细胞染色体畸变率与溶剂对照组比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。小鼠骨髓微核试验显示425、850、1700 U.kg-1各个剂量组对ICR小鼠的微核诱发率与溶剂对照组比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论聚乙二醇修饰降纤酶对鼠伤寒沙门菌无致突变性,对哺乳动物培养细胞的染色体无致畸变作用,对ICR小鼠无诱发骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的效应。表明聚乙二醇修饰降纤酶在本实验条件下无遗传毒性。     

Genotoxic potential of diethylcarbamazine, an antifilarial drug

The mutagenic potential of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) was evaluated by metaphase chromosome analysis and the micronucleus test in bone marrow cells of mice. Both assay systems revealed clastogenicity, although not severe. The time-response study of metaphase chromosomes exhibited an early effect; at 72 h post-treatment the effect came down to the control level. The dose-response analysis showed significantly elevated frequencies of micronuclei (MN) for all the doses tested, but failed to show any influence of the dose on the induction of MN. Data on mitotic index (MI) indicated a lack of cell cycle inhibition. The decrease in aberration frequency with the lapse of time can be probably attributed to the elimination of the drug and its metabolites from the body.     

The Genotoxicity of DNA Intercalating Drug 8-Methoxy pyrimido [4′,5′:4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinoline-4(3H)-one

8-Methoxypyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinoline-4(3H)-one (MPTQ) is known to have antitumor and cytotoxic activities on various types of tumors. This compound showed a strong clastogenic effect on bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice treated in vivo (17.5–35 mg/kg body weight). MPTQ induced micronuclei formation (MN) at doses of 17.5, 23.3, and 35 mg/kg. Dose and time-yield effect of MPTQ was studied in the case of chromosome aberration assay. MPTQ induced a statistically significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei induction. The drug induced significant abnormal sperms even in the sperm shape abnormality assay. Based on the data reported in the literature, we have tried to establish the relationship between the clastogenic effect observed and process of MPTQ intercalation into DNA and the formation of protein-associated DNA-strand breaks probably promoted by topoisomerase enzymes.     

The genotoxicity of DNA intercalating drug 8-methoxy pyrimido [4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinoline-4(3H)-one

8-methoxypyrimido[4',5':4,5]thieno(2,3-b)quinoline-4(3H)-one (MPTQ) is known to have antitumor and cytotoxic activities on various types of tumors. This compound showed a strong clastogenic effect on bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice treated in vivo (17.5-35 mg/kg body weight). MPTQ induced micronuclei formation (MN) at doses of 17.5, 23.3, and 35 mg/kg. Dose and time-yield effect of MPTQ was studied in the case of chromosome aberration assay. MPTQ induced a statistically significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei induction. The drug induced significant abnormal sperms even in the sperm shape abnormality assay. Based on the data reported in the literature, we have tried to establish the relationship between the clastogenic effect observed and process of MPTQ intercalation into DNA and the formation of protein-associated DNA-strand breaks probably promoted by topoisomerase enzymes.     

乙双吗啉的致突变作用

目的:研究乙双吗啉的遗传毒性.方法:乙双吗啉5,10和15 mg·kg~(-1),腹腔注射观察诱发的小鼠骨髓染色体/染色单体畸变;应用Ames试验观察对测试菌株TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102的诱变作用.结果:乙双吗啉显著诱发小鼠骨髓染色体/染色单体畸变,其诱发的畸变细胞率(ACF)显著增加(P<0.01);在不加S9条件下,乙双吗啉对TA98,TA102有一定的诱发回复突变的作用.结论:乙双吗啉是一种遗传毒物质.     

E838对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体的辐射防护作用

目的探讨E838对γ射线照射小鼠骨髓细胞染色体损伤的防护作用。方法将615小鼠,随机分为对照组、辐射对照组、E838组、炔雌三醇(EE3)组。E838组和EE3组分别腹腔注射E838和EE3,另两组给予等体积茶油,第3次给药24 h后进行剂量为1.5 Gy的137Csγ射线全身照射,观察其骨髓细胞染色体畸变率。结果 E838组、EE3组骨髓细胞染色体畸变与辐射对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),E838组畸变细胞与EE3组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 E838可降低辐射诱发的骨髓细胞染色畸变细胞数,对骨髓细胞染色体具有一定的辐射防护作用。