老西门社区独居老年人慢性病现患状况分析与对策探讨

目的了解本社区独居老年人慢性病患病状况，为开展有效健康干预提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法对社区中418名≥60岁的独居老人作慢性病患病情况的问卷调查。结果独居老年人的慢性病患病率高，心血管病、骨质疏松症等疾病顺位靠前，92．82％的老人同时患有1至数种慢性疾病。结论要重视独居老年人慢性病的防治和管理，以降低患病率，提高独居老年人生活与生命质量。     

干休所独居老人常见心理问题及保健对策探讨

目的分析目前干休所独居老人心理健康保健情况,为提升和完善卫生保健水平提供依据和办法。方法采用调查问卷,群体抽取衡阳地区3个干休所的147位老人(含18位独居老人)进行测试。结果独居老人平均年龄78.89岁,独居老人中88.89%长期存在失眠、抑郁、焦虑等不同程度的心理问题,人均发生2.06种心理问题,生活质量受到严重影响,目前的心理卫生保健水平已经不能适应独居老人的迫切需求。结论干休所开始出现独居老人群体,其心理问题突出易发;应充分调动各方资源参与服务、完善干休所保障服务措施、大胆探索老年保健服务新路子加以应对。     

以俱乐部形式降低独居老年人抑郁情绪效果评价

目的降低独居老年人抑郁情绪。方法在社区以俱乐部形式，对具有抑郁情绪的35名≥65岁独居老年人定期开展心理健康干预活动，实施6个月后，以SDS抑郁自评量表进行评估。结果研究对象在俱乐部心理健康干预前后的SDS量表得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论以俱乐部形式降低独居老年人抑郁情绪效果明显。     

社区独居老年人意外伤害研究进展

随着人口老龄化进程的加快,独居老人的数量越来越多。本文阐述了独居老人存在的主要问题,同时由于独居老人没有人照顾和陪伴,使得他们成为意外伤害的高发人群,并提出了意外伤害的干预措施。     

社区独居老人防治意外伤害知晓率干预效果分析

上海是一个老龄化城市。截止2008年末，上海全市户籍人口1391．04万人。60岁及以上老年人口300．57万人，占总人口的21．6％。“纯老家庭”老年人总数86．38万人，其中80岁及以上老年人24．26万人，单身独居老年人18．80万人。意外伤害是影响老年人健康的原因之一。上海市意外伤害死亡率排在心脑血管疾病、肿瘤疾病、呼吸道疾病之后，位列第四，其中，老年人摔倒占了一半左右。     

关于对独居老年人开展社区综合性康复适宜技术的评估和分析

目的探索社区综合性康复适宜技术对独居老年人的作用。方法以问卷形式调查黄浦区老西门街道418名≥60岁独居老人对于社区综合性康复适宜技术干预的认可率和满意率。结果干预后，社区独居老人对综合性康复适宜技术的认可率以及对本中心,综合服务的满意率均高于干预前，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论社区各层面应重视综合性康复适宜技术的持续推广应用，提高独居老人的生活质量。     

80岁以上独居老人居家致跌环境干预效果评估

目的通过对社区老年人居家环境的安全性评估,促进居家致跌危险环境改造,降低老年人跌倒的发生。方法在上海市某社区选取全部80岁以上独居老人家庭,2009年8月进行入户评估调查,观察居家致跌危险环境,完成《评估表》,并且提出整改意见,首次入户后发放宣传资料、防滑垫,街道政府安装扶手和督促整改,2010年8月再次入户调查并进行效果评估。结果干预前跌倒发生人次率为22.87%,因跌倒住院人次率为4.62%。干预后跌倒发生人次率为4.62%,因跌倒住院发生人次率为0.49%,干预前后跌倒的发生率(χ2=41.304,P<0.05)和住院发生率(χ2=12.122,P<0.05)显著下降,差异均有统计学意义。干预后居家致跌环境也有了明显的改善。结论居家致跌环境因素增加了老人跌倒发生的风险,开展有针对性的居家危险环境评估并改造意义重大。     

社区照顾对独居老人健康水平的影响研究

目的：探究社区照顾对独居老人健康水平的影响。方法：采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）中独居老人的全样本,基于有序Probit模型分析不同社区照顾内容对独居老人健康水平的影响,并从性别和年龄两个角度进行异质性分析。结果：起居照料对独居老人各维度的健康水平均有显著正向影响,日常购物能显著提升独居老人的自评健康和心理健康水平,上门看病和情感慰藉只是对健康保持的影响较为显著。异质性分析发现,起居照料和日常购物对高龄独居老人自评健康和心理健康的影响更为显著,上门看病和情感慰藉更利于男性独居老人提高自评健康和心理健康水平。结论：建立独居老人档案,引入“日间照料中心”“跨代共居”等市场化手段,为独居老人打造居家与社区机构相结合的健康支持体系。     

上海某社区独居老人心理健康状况6年随访调查

目的为有效地开展社区独居老人的心理健康服务提供依据。方法每3年随访调查1次,每次调查采用二阶段分层随机抽样方法入户调查,调查工具自编一般情况问卷,心理健康筛查量表选用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)。结果 418名随访独居老人中,每月≤1次或无子女(亲友)探望者达27%,有5.0%的独居老人无子女或因各种原因无电话联系;2005年、2008年和2011年的随访发现,出现各种心理异常状况的比例分别为72.25%、46.89%和53.40%;采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)筛查阳性的比例分别为31.58%、22.01%和25.24%;抑郁自评量表(SDS)总分>53常模的独居老人分别占25.60%、11.72%和17.48%。结论独居老人由于子女离去而失去相应的社会支持和情感交流对象,缺少精神慰藉已成为独居老人心理健康的主要问题之一,如何关注独居老人心理健康问题是老年社会服务的重要课题,值得进一步研究。     

上海市花木社区独居老人心理健康及睡眠状况调查分析

随着上海市人口老龄化的迅速发展,老年人口比重的上升,老年人口中一个特殊的群体—独居老人群体的规模也在不断扩大,据统计上海市独居老人近19万人.独居老人由于其家庭功能受损,相对于与子女同住的老人而言,他们的生存境况不容乐观.目前的现状是给予老人生活、身体健康的关心照护较多,而忽视了老年心理状况的变化.本次调查旨在分析上海市花木社区独居老人心理健康及睡眠状况,探讨解决问题的方法和策略,提高独居老人的生活质量.     

Loneliness and social support of older people living alone in a county of Shanghai,China

China has an ageing population with the number of older people living alone increasing. Living alone may increase the risk of loneliness of older people, especially for those in China where collectivism and filial piety are emphasised. Social support may fill the need for social contacts, thereby alleviating loneliness. However, little is known about loneliness and social support of older people living alone in China. This study investigated loneliness and social support of older people living alone, by conducting a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey with a stratified random cluster sample of 521 community‐dwelling older people living alone in a county of Shanghai. Data were collected from November 2011 to March 2012. The instruments used included the UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3 and the Social Support Rate Scale. The participants reported a moderate level of loneliness. Their overall social support level was low compared with the Chinese norm. Children were the major source of objective and subjective support. Of the participants, 53.9% (n = 281) and 47.6% (n = 248) asked for help and confided when they were in trouble, but 84.1% (n = 438) never or rarely attended social activities. The level of loneliness and social support differed among the participants with different sociodemographic characteristics. There were negative correlations between loneliness and overall social support and its three dimensions. The findings suggest that there is a need to provide more social support to older people living alone to decrease their feelings of loneliness. Potential interventions include encouraging more frequent contacts from children, the development of one‐to‐one ‘befriending’ and group activity programmes together with identification of vulnerable subgroups.     

A transformative service research for healthy transition to adulthood of young people living alone in Korea

This study was conducted to explore phenomena related to the physical, psychological and social health vulnerabilities of young people who lived alone and to establish strategy for service implementation to facilitate their healthy transition to adulthood. In accordance with the double diamond process of service design, five workshops involving 12 participants and 9 experts were held from July to November 2018 in the D-district of Seoul, Korea. As a result, the participants were identified as a difficult group to engage in health management because of their features: unconcern for health, inevitable neglect for health or fixation of lifestyle far from health. They were also a special group that was undergoing a double transition: the transition to adulthood and from living with their parents to living alone. Therefore, the strategy for them was derived that had to be in an indirectly and incidentally effective for health through the settlement of independent life and habit formation by transitional care as part of a nudge effect. The findings of this study can provide a basis for health and social care strategies and policies concerning young people who live alone. A follow-up study is proposed, which will involve the actualisation and application of a program based on the intervention strategy derived from these findings.     

上海市闸北区社区独居老人居家致跌环境调查

目的通过对社区老年人居家环境进行安全性评估,促进居家致跌危险环境改造和降低老年人跌倒的发生提供依据。方法对上海市某社区2008年8月1日—2009年8月1日期间全部80岁以上独居老人共395户、481人进行居家致跌危险环境的入户评估和老年人跌倒情况回顾性调查。结果跌倒发生率为17.05%,发生次数发生率为24.32%,其中发生2次以上跌倒占32.93%,因跌倒住院占5.19%。居家致跌环境主要包括在地面或通道未使用防滑地砖(38.23%)、室内照明亮度不够(47.85%)、浴缸(淋浴房)未使用防滑垫(62.78%)和浴缸(淋浴房)旁未安装扶手(70.89%)等。结论独居老人是发生跌倒的高危人群,居家致跌环境因素增加了老人跌倒发生的风险,开展有针对性的居家危险环境评估其意义重大。     

Older people living alone in Shanghai: A questionnaire survey of their life experience

Globally the number of older people living alone is increasing. Little is known about the life experience of older people living alone in Mainland China. This study aimed to explore older people's experience regarding different components of their lives. A cross‐sectional survey of 387 older people aged 60 years and above and living alone in two communities in Shanghai was conducted from April to July 2015. A structured questionnaire including 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, Activity of Daily Living Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale version 3, Social Support Rate Scale and Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the health status, loneliness, social support, quality of life and demographic information. A total of 15.7% of the participants rated their health as poor with 56.8% reporting chronic diseases and 26.9% reporting being depressed. A total of 71.1% of the participants reported a high level of functional ability. However, 54.3% and 21.7% of the participants reported a moderately and moderately high level of loneliness respectively. The median of SSRS was 30 and the mean of Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire was 120.2, indicating a lower level of social support and quality of life. There were statistically significant differences in health, loneliness, social support and quality of life across the participants with different characteristics. Interventions to improve the health status, reduce loneliness, increase social support and maintain or improve quality of life of older people living alone in Shanghai could be developed and implemented. Potential interventions include providing frequent home care services, early detection of depression, encouraging more contacts from children and other family members, and providing support from other sources.     

我国独居老人自评健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的 了解影响我国独居老人自评健康状况的影响因素,为改善我国独居老人健康及生活质量提供参考依据。方法 通过自评问卷调查方法,采用2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据,了解独居老人健康状况,采用卡方检验以及多因素logistic 回归方法分析独居老人健康状况的影响因素。结果 1236名独居老年人中,自评健康较好的有551人,占比44.6%,较差的685人,占比55.4%;子女经常看望（OR =1.840,95%CI:1.080~3.135)、体育锻炼（OR =1.813,95%CI:1.385~2.372)、饮酒（OR =1.531,95%CI:1.061~2.209）、体检（OR =1.347,95%CI:1.033~1.756）、慢性病(OR =0.682,95%CI:0.532~0.875)、霉味(OR =0.533,95%CI:0.391~0.726)、睡眠6~9小时（OR =0.528,95%CI:0.393~0.710）、睡眠时间>9小时（OR =0.411,95%CI:0.283~0.597）与独居老人自评健康有关。结论 我国独居老人自评健康状况总体较差。应重视独居老人的子女关怀、生活行为方式、居住环境及慢性病状况等,更好地改善独居老人的健康状况。     

独居老年人心理健康状况与社会支持关系

目的了解独居老年人心理健康与社会支持的关系,为改善独居老年人的生活质量提供依据。方法用健康自评量表(SRHMS)对云南省昆明市18个社区中≥65岁的63名独居老年人和112名对照进行测评和比较。结果独居老年人心理健康和正向情绪得分分别为(5.78±1.68)和(6.62±2.29)分,明显低于对照(6.59±1.46)和(7.49±1.76)分(P0.01);角色活动/社会适应(6.13±1.72)分,社会资源/社会接触(5.51±2.24)分、社会支持(5.52±1.91)分,明显低于对照的(7.14±1.76),(6.79±1.81),(6.37±1.61)分(P0.01)。结论独居老年人的心理健康较差,社会支持亟待加强。     

南市区社区老年人群糖尿病三维监测与分析

[目的 ]　探讨社区老年人群糖尿病的防治对策。 [方法 ]　对上海南市区社区≥ 6 0岁的老年人群的糖尿病死亡、患病与糖尿病防治的KAP进行了三维监测、分析。 [结果 ]　 2 0年来社区老年人群糖尿病死亡率每 5年递增率达 36 .0 4% ,1996年老年人群死亡率高达 172 .71/ 10万 ,患病率为 2 1.94% ,女性高于男性 ,且随年龄增长 ,死亡率与患病率增高 ;老年人群对糖尿病防治的KAP正确率均较低 ,并受到年龄、文化程度等因素的影响。 [结论 ]　与以往单项监测相比 ,“三维”监测可改变以往单项监测的不足 ,为社区老年人群糖尿病预防干预提供更全面的信息与依据。