^99Tc^m—标记EGF受体单抗肺癌放免显像的实验研究

目的 研究^99Tc^m-标记表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）单克隆抗体（MAb)egf/r3在裸鼠体内的肺癌放射免疫显像（RII）。方法 ^99Tc^m标记的还原型抗体egf/r3尾静脉注入荷瘤裸鼠,于不同时间行系列显像,采用感兴趣区法计算各时相T／NT值。于注射药后30h处死动物、计算抗体的生物分布、T／NT及NT／B值。结果 标记率为99％、胶体放射性为3．87％,放射性比活度为348MBq/mg。注药后3h瘤块显像,15－25h达浓聚高峰,T／NT比值最高达4．59。除肝、脾及肾外,其他脏器放射性分布均较低。结论 ^99Tc^m-egf/r3显像时间早,T／NT比值高,图像清晰。     

脂质体介导的99Tcm-反义寡聚核苷酸在荷瘤裸鼠体内分布及显像研究

目的：研究脂质体介导的^99Tc^m-反义寡聚核苷酸在荷瘤裸鼠体内的分布及反义显像诊断结肠癌的可能性,为反义显像和反义治疗的临床应用提供实验依据。方法：制作荷瘤裸鼠模型,每只小鼠尾静脉注射约0.30MBq脂质体包裹的^99Tc^m-反义寡聚核苷酸,于不同时间眼眶静脉采血后处死小, 测定不同组织中及标准源的放射性计数。荷瘤裸鼠尾静脉注入脂质体介导的^99Tc^m-反义寡聚核苷酸（30－90mg),于注射后不同时间显像,观察其在肿瘤组织的浓聚情况,并以脂质体介导的^99Tc^m标记的正义和无义寡聚核苷酸为对照。结果：胃、网状内皮系统和肿瘤组织放射性浓聚较高,其次为心和血,余组织中放射性分布较少。肿瘤组织中放射性在2h时达到高峰,以后迅速降低。在2h时,脂质体介导的^99Tc^m-反义寡聚核苷酸能清晰显示肿瘤部位,而对照组则不能。结论：脂质体介导的^99Tc^m-反义寡聚核苷酸可用于结肠癌的诊断,但临床应用前还需进行大量的研究。     

99Tcm标记双半胱氨酸-脱氧葡萄糖的小鼠实验研究

目的研究^99Tc^m标记双半胱氨酸一脱氧葡萄糖(EGDG)在正常小鼠及荷S180肉瘤小鼠体内的分布规律。方法正常小鼠及荷S180肉瘤小鼠各铝只，分8组，实验前禁食。尾静脉注射^99Tc^m-EC-DG后计算不同时间在小鼠体内的分布及肿瘤与血液、肌肉、肺、肝的放射性比值。同时，取荷瘤小鼠5只，在注射后不同时间进行显像，计算T／NT比值。结果肿瘤组织与血液、肌肉、肺的放射性比值随时间延长逐渐上升，在4h都超过1．0。显像示随时间延长瘤体周围组织放射性逐渐下降，瘤体在4h时显影清晰。结论^99Tc^m-EC-DG可用于肿瘤的葡萄糖代谢显像。     

99 Tcm-抗人粒细胞单克隆抗体对兔炎症的放射免疫显像

目的评价99Tcm-抗人粒细胞单克隆抗体(McAb) SZ-102在实验性炎症家兔放射免疫显像中的价值.方法以2-亚氨基噻吩盐酸盐(2-IT)修饰SZ-102,99Tcm-葡庚糖酸钠(GH)配体交换法标记SZ-102.兔左下肢炎症模型经耳缘静脉注入99Tcm-SZ-102,行SPECT显像,99Tcm标记非特异性鼠IgG作阴性对照.显像完毕处死动物,测定99Tcm-SZ-102离体炎症肌肉/血液和对侧正常肌肉/血液放射性比值.结果 99Tcm-SZ-102对家兔炎症部位显影清晰,其最佳显像时间为注射后2～4 h,而99Tcm标记非特异性鼠IgG对家兔炎症部位未能显影.血液半清除时间99Tcm-SZ-102 T1/2α为(0.10±0.04) h,T1/2β为(3.19±0.41) h.99Tcm-SZ-102显像离体炎症肌肉/血液和对侧正常肌肉/血液放射性比值分别为0.22±0.02和0.02±0.01.结论 99Tcm-SZ-102具有活体内炎症定位导向能力,显像时间短,对隐匿性炎症或肿瘤感染病灶的诊断有潜在的临床价值.     

^99Tc^m-精氨酸-谷氨酸-苏氨酸在荷人肺癌H1299裸鼠体内分布和显像

目的通过研究^99Tc^m-精氨酸-谷氨酸-苏氨酸（RET）在荷人肺癌H1299裸鼠体内的分布及显像,探讨其用于肺癌显像的可行性。方法采用^99Tc^m-直接法标记RET,再行^99Tc^m-RET与NSCLC细胞H1299的结合实验。荷人肺癌H1299裸鼠尾静脉注射^99Tc^m-RET后,行不同时间（15、30min,1、2．4、8、24、48h组各4只鼠）体内分布实验,分别测定组织放射性摄取（％ID／g）;另取荷瘤鼠3只,注射4．81MBq^99Tc^m-RET后于0．5、1、2、4．5、5、6h行γ显像。结果^99Tc^m-直接标记RET的标记率为（93．15±2．02）％,与H1299细胞的最高结合率为（3．56±0．37）％。荷瘤裸鼠尾静脉注射^99Tc^m-RET后4h肿瘤放射性摄取达（4．96±1．05）％ID／g,肝脏、脾脏有较多放射性摄取[（15．89±1．84）％ID／g和（10．83±1．66）％ID／g];而心脏和血液的放射性摄取较少,相应的T／NT分别为5．70±0．21和12．40±0．11。注射^99Tc^m-RET后4．5～6．0h肿瘤显影清晰。结论^99Tc^m-RET具有亲肺癌的特性,有可能成为一种亲肺癌显像剂。     

荷瘤裸鼠整合素αv β3受体显像的实验研究

目的探讨99Tcm标记精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸（RGD）小分子多肽（GY11）作为肿瘤显像剂的可能性.方法利用SnCl2直接还原法进行GY11的^99Tcm标记.建立荷人黑色素瘤A375、肺癌H460和宫颈癌HeLa BALB/c裸鼠肿瘤模型,分别进行体内分布和肿瘤显像研究.结果GY11的^99Tcm标记率为80%.黑色素瘤A375荷瘤裸鼠体内分布显示,^99Tcm-GY11主要经肾脏快速从血液中清除,注射后2 h肿瘤摄取量为3.13%ID/g,肿瘤/血和肿瘤/骨骼肌比值随时间的推移而增加,注射后1和6 h比值分别为3.0、4.3和8.1、15.1.对于黑色素瘤A375和肺癌H460荷瘤裸鼠,^99Tcm-GY11静脉注射后2 h肿瘤均能清楚显示,24 h后显像更清晰;2 h后宫颈癌HeLa肿瘤能显影,但6 h后肿瘤放射性基本清除.结论^99Tcm-GY11有望成为肿瘤αvβ3受体显像剂.     

脂质体介导的99Tcm-反义寡聚核苷酸在荷瘤裸鼠体内分布及显像研究

目的研究脂质体介导的99Tcm-反义寡聚核苷酸在荷瘤裸鼠体内的分布及反义显像诊断结肠癌的可能性,为反义显像和反义治疗的临床应用提供实验依据.方法制作荷瘤裸鼠模型,每只小鼠尾静脉注射约0.30MBq脂质体包裹的99Tcm-反义寡聚核苷酸,于不同时间眼眶静脉采血后处死小鼠,测定不同组织中及标准源的放射性计数.荷瘤裸鼠尾静脉注入脂质体介导的99Tcm-反义寡聚核苷酸(30～90mg),于注射后不同时间显像,观察其在肿瘤组织的浓聚情况,并以脂质体介导的99Tcm标记的正义和无义寡聚核苷酸为对照.结果胃、网状内皮系统和肿瘤组织放射性浓聚较高,其次为心和血,余组织中放射性分布较少.肿瘤组织中放射性在2h时达到高峰,以后迅速降低.在2h时,脂质体介导的99Tcm-反义寡聚核苷酸能清晰显示肿瘤部位,而对照组则不能.结论脂质体介导的99Tcm-反义寡聚核苷酸可用于结肠癌的诊断,但临床应用前还需进行大量的研究.     

心脏肾上腺素能神经的PET应用

目的研究188Re-奥曲肽在荷瘤裸鼠体内的分布,为进一步肿瘤靶向治疗奠定基础。方法16只荷人H460非小细胞肺癌的BALB／c裸鼠分为4组,经尾静脉注射188Re-奥曲肽 18．5MBq(O．2ml)．于注射后2h,4h,24h,48h每个时间点处死一组裸鼠,取血液、肿瘤组织及主要脏器测量其放射性计数率值,经放射性衰变校正后计算每克组织的百分注射剂量率(％ID／g),观察标记物在动物体内的生物学分布。另2只荷瘤裸鼠同样尾静脉注射相同剂量的188Re-奥曲肽,于注射后相同时间点行SPECT扫描,利用感兴趣区技术对肿瘤／非瘤组织放射性比值(T／NT)进行半定量分析。结果188Re-奥曲肽标记率达(95．3±1．8)％,188Re-奥曲肽在荷瘤裸鼠体内主要分布于肿瘤组织、肝脏、肾脏及肠道,肿瘤部位在4h摄取达到高峰9．8％ID/g,此时SPECT在肿瘤部位有明显的放射性核素浓聚,T／NT在尾静脉药物注射后24h达到高值为7．1。结论 188Re-奥曲肽在BALB／c荷瘤裸鼠体内对人非小细胞肺癌具有靶向定位作用,其在肿瘤部位的分布具有较高的T／NT,188Re．奥曲肽有望用于表达生长抑素受体肿瘤的核素靶向治疗。     

131I-Herceptin在昆明小鼠及荷人卵巢癌裸鼠模型中的生物分布和显像

目的 研究131 I标记抗人表皮生长因子受体-2蛋白(HER-2/neu)单克隆抗体Herceptin在正常昆明小鼠和荷人卵巢癌裸鼠体内的生物分布及荷人卵巢癌裸鼠的放射免疫显像特点.方法 (1)Iodogen法131I标记Herceptin,测定其标记率、放化纯、稳定性及免疫活性.(2)流式细胞仪和免疫组织化学法分别检测人卵巢癌SKOV-3、HO-8910细胞株及瘤组织HER-2/neu表达情况.(3)计算131I-Herceptin经昆明小鼠尾静脉注射后5,15,30 min和1,2,4,12,24,48,72 h及荷瘤裸鼠尾静脉注射后4,12,24和48h的每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID/g)和肿瘤/非肿瘤组织放射性(T/NT)比值.(4)行131I-Herceptin荷卵巢癌裸鼠模型显像,观察注射后1,2,4,8,12,24,48,72,96和120h显像情况并确定最佳显像时间.结果 (1)131I-Herceptin标记率为89.8%,放化纯为98.4%,24 h后仍大于80%,标记物免疫活性较好.(2)SKOV-3细胞株HER-2/neu高表达,表达率92.67%;而HO-8910细胞株表达很低,表达率仅9.59%.(3)131I-Herceptin在昆明小鼠体内主要经肝、脾及肾代谢,血液快相半排期为0.27 h,慢相半排期为51.96h.在荷人SKOV-3移植瘤部位,24 h时放射性摄取值达到18.08%ID/g,显著高于其他脏器组织;T/NT比值随时间延长逐渐增高,72 h时肿瘤/脑放射性比值高达27.27.(4)SKOV-3荷瘤裸鼠在尾静脉注射131I-Herceptin后2 h即可见移植瘤放射性浓聚,48 h后与周围组织对比更为明显,至120 h时仍见移植瘤部位放射性明显浓聚,与对侧感兴趣区比值高达11.44.而HO-8910荷瘤裸鼠各时间点移植瘤几乎未见放射性浓聚.结论 131I-Herceptin对荷人SKOV-3移植瘤具有良好的靶向作用,有望用于高表达HER-2/neu的人卵巢癌患者放射免疫显像及其复发转移灶的靶向治疗.     

131I-Herceptin在昆明小鼠及荷人卵巢癌裸鼠模型中的生物分布和显像

目的 研究131 I标记抗人表皮生长因子受体-2蛋白(HER-2/neu)单克隆抗体Herceptin在正常昆明小鼠和荷人卵巢癌裸鼠体内的生物分布及荷人卵巢癌裸鼠的放射免疫显像特点.方法 (1)Iodogen法131I标记Herceptin,测定其标记率、放化纯、稳定性及免疫活性.(2)流式细胞仪和免疫组织化学法分别检测人卵巢癌SKOV-3、HO-8910细胞株及瘤组织HER-2/neu表达情况.(3)计算131I-Herceptin经昆明小鼠尾静脉注射后5,15,30 min和1,2,4,12,24,48,72 h及荷瘤裸鼠尾静脉注射后4,12,24和48h的每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID/g)和肿瘤/非肿瘤组织放射性(T/NT)比值.(4)行131I-Herceptin荷卵巢癌裸鼠模型显像,观察注射后1,2,4,8,12,24,48,72,96和120h显像情况并确定最佳显像时间.结果 (1)131I-Herceptin标记率为89.8%,放化纯为98.4%,24 h后仍大于80%,标记物免疫活性较好.(2)SKOV-3细胞株HER-2/neu高表达,表达率92.67%;而HO-8910细胞株表达很低,表达率仅9.59%.(3)131I-Herceptin在昆明小鼠体内主要经肝、脾及肾代谢,血液快相半排期为0.27 h,慢相半排期为51.96h.在荷人SKOV-3移植瘤部位,24 h时放射性摄取值达到18.08%ID/g,显著高于其他脏器组织;T/NT比值随时间延长逐渐增高,72 h时肿瘤/脑放射性比值高达27.27.(4)SKOV-3荷瘤裸鼠在尾静脉注射131I-Herceptin后2 h即可见移植瘤放射性浓聚,48 h后与周围组织对比更为明显,至120 h时仍见移植瘤部位放射性明显浓聚,与对侧感兴趣区比值高达11.44.而HO-8910荷瘤裸鼠各时间点移植瘤几乎未见放射性浓聚.结论 131I-Herceptin对荷人SKOV-3移植瘤具有良好的靶向作用,有望用于高表达HER-2/neu的人卵巢癌患者放射免疫显像及其复发转移灶的靶向治疗.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.