中国人肝癌分泌型卷曲相关蛋白1基因遗传的不稳定性

目的 研究8号染色体上D8S532位点的杂合性缺失(LOH)和微卫星不稳定性(MSI)对分泌型卷曲相关蛋白1基因(sFRP1)蛋白表达的影响,阐明 sFRP1 基因遗传不稳定性与肝癌进展的关系,为揭示sFRP1 基因作用机制和肿瘤发生发展机制提供实验依据. 方法 采用石蜡包埋组织抽提DNA,聚合酶链-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)分析,常规银染检测D8S532位点的LOH和MSI,采用Envision免疫组织化学染色,Leica-Qwin计算机图像分析系统采图和Image-Pro P1uS(IPP)Version5.0专业图像分析软件分析蛋白表达. 结果 在36例肝癌中,D8S532位点LOH和MSI检出率分别为11.11%(4/36)和8.33%(3/36),D8S532位点MSI发生率在60岁以上年龄组(≥60) 26.67%(4/15),高于60岁以下年龄组(<60)0.00%(0/21, P <0.05).相比较于正常组织,86.11%(31/36)的sFRP1蛋白有不同程度表达下降,在肝癌组织中,sFRP1表达阳性率为52.78%(19/36),蛋白表达阴性组LOH阳性率为23.53%(4/17),明显高于蛋白阳性组的0.00%(0/19)( P <0.05). 结论 在中国人肝癌发生进展中,sFRP1蛋白表达下降甚至缺失是普遍现象, sFRP1 基因的遗传不稳定性可能是导致该抑癌基因突变、肿瘤发生的一个机制,LOH在sFRP1表达缺失的过程中起了重要作用.     

中国南方汉族和苗族人群hPARP1基因遗传多态性

目的检测人类聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1[poly（ADP-ribose）polymerase 1，PARP1]基因的基因型和基因频率在中国南方汉族和苗族人群中的分布。方法收集187名中国南方汉族和210名苗族人的血液DNA，用PCR法扩增hPARP1基因4个外显子，并进行单链构象多态性分析。结果用PCR成功扩增出第12、13、16、17外显子，片段长度分别为253bp、313bp、175bp、362bp，在187名中国南方汉族和210名苗族人群中，分别有3人和9人检测出hPARP1基因第12、13、16和17外显子上各有1种基因突变，分别为Phe548Ser、Ala683Ser、Asp798Tyr、His808Arg。结论中国南方汉族和苗族人群中hPARP1基因第12、13、16和17外显子上存在突变型等位基因。     

人胚胎长骨中骨形态发生蛋白的免疫组化研究

目的：探讨骨形态发生蛋白与人胚胎骨发生及发育的关系。方法：用免疫组化技术和图像分析系统研究了第9－24周人胚胎股骨中骨形态发生蛋白的分布规律及胎龄性变化。结果：第9周胚胎股骨为软骨锥形,雏形的软骨膜,软骨基质及其两端的软骨细胞骨形态发生蛋白呈阳性反应,第10－24周胚胎股骨中,骨形态发生蛋白阳性反应主要见于成骨细胞,骨膜内层细胞,新生骨细胞及骨基质中,破骨细胞及骨髓细胞骨形态发生蛋白也呈阳性反应,骺软骨为阴性,但其内的软骨管为阳性反应,图象分析测定表明：人胚胎股骨内成骨细胞及骨小梁的平均灰度值随胎龄增加而逐渐下降,同一股骨内不同部位的骨小梁和成骨细胞的平均灰度值有所不同,结论：骨形态发生蛋白与胚胎骨的发生及发育密切相关。     

骨形态发生蛋白-7及其受体的信号转导

骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)是BMP家族中的一员,具有高效的骨诱导活性,属于转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)超家族成员。BMP-7受体属于转化生长因子β(TGF-β)受体超家族的成员,是一种膜蛋白受体。BMP-7首先与Ⅱ型跨膜丝/苏氨酸激酶受体(ActRⅡ、ⅡB)结合,受体的蛋白激酶活性被激活,再与Ⅰ型受体(主要是ALK2)结合,形成异源二聚体,催化Ⅰ型受体GS区的丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基磷酸化。Ⅰ型受体被激活后,作用于Smad1、Smad5或Smad8的C端SSXS模体,使其磷酸化,再与Smad4形成复合物,进入核内与多种转录因子相互作用发挥基因调控作用。     

骨形态发生蛋白2，7治疗骨不连的效果评价

文题释义：骨形态发生蛋白：具有成骨活性,可通过不同的信号通路促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。 骨不连：骨损伤和骨折后超过9个月,连续超过3个月观察未见进一步愈合的倾向。 背景：自体骨移植辅以坚强固定被认为是治疗骨不连的金标准,目前临床上使用骨形态发生蛋白2,7对骨不连进行治疗的案例较多。 目的：从基因水平描述骨形态发生蛋白的成骨通路,对临床上骨形态发生蛋白治疗骨不连的案例进行分析,同时对比骨形态发生蛋白2,7对骨不连的治疗效果,并对二者效果进行评价及分析。方法：由第一作者用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库和PubMed数据库,中文检索词为“骨形态发生蛋白、骨不连、信号通路、外固定架、内固定、植骨、感染性骨不连、骨缺损、成骨细胞、骨分化”,英文检索词为“BMP,nonunion,pathway,External fixator,ORIF,bone graft,infected nonunion,bone defect,osteoblast,osteoporosis”,最终纳入文献59篇。 结果与结论：①通过对文献的分析,认为骨形态发生蛋白的基因水平通路可以为其临床应用提供治疗思路;②在对于骨不连的治疗上,骨形态发生蛋白2,7是有效的,但目前缺乏使用骨形态发生蛋白治疗骨不连的规范及标准,例如使用量及适应证;③从总体治疗效果及对感染性骨不连的治疗效果两方面,对比骨形态发生蛋白2,7,认为骨形态发生蛋白2的效果优于骨形态发生蛋白7,尤其是在感染性骨不连的治疗中。 ORCID: 0000-0002-6610-7252(从凯) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7对NIH3T3细胞生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨重组人骨形态发生蛋白-7(rhBMP-7)对NIH3T3增殖和骨向分化的影响。方法:向培养的成纤维细胞NIH3T3中加入不同浓度的rhBMP-7,观察NIH3T3增殖、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和骨钙素(OCN)含量的变化。结果:rh-BMP-7在一定浓度范围内可以明显促进NIH3T3细胞增殖、提高ALP活性与OCN水平。结论:rhBMP-7可以刺激NIH3T3细胞增殖,诱导NIH3T3细胞向成骨细胞表型分化。     

人骨形态发生蛋白-2完整成熟肽基因的克隆

目的：克隆人骨形态发生蛋白－２（ｈＢＭＰ－２）完整肽基因。方法：依据Ｇｅｎｂａｎｋ中ｈＢＭＰ－２的序 化学合成两条引物,从人胎儿骨组织中提取得到的总ＲＮＡ中,通过反转录聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）得到ｈＢＭＰ－２完整成熟肽基因。将所得的基因片段插入克隆载体ｐＵＣ－１９并转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９,提取重组质粒,酶切并测序。结果：ＤＮＡ琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示：ＰＣＲ产物为一长约４００ｂｐ的带,阳性克隆质粒     

骨形态发生蛋白-7的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白 7是转化生长因子 β (TGF β)超家族中的一员 ,最初因其能促进造骨细胞的分化和诱导异位骨的形成而得名。随着研究的深入 ,发现BMP 7的生物学功能不仅限于其诱导成骨活性 ,而且涉及全身许多器官的发育和形成 ,在骨、肾、肾上腺、膀胱和脑组织以及某些骨肉瘤细胞中都有表达。在许多肾脏疾病模型中 ,可以阻止肾小管间隙纤维化保护肾脏功能。     

骨不连断端及周围组织骨形态发生蛋白2与核心蛋白多糖的表达

背景：骨形态发生蛋白2和核心蛋白多糖两种因子均具有促进成骨的活性,并有相关报道两者在促进成骨方面相互促进。 目的：了解骨不连骨折区不同部位组织骨形态发生蛋白2、核心蛋白多糖的表达情况。 方法：11例骨不连患者,骨折持续时间平均11个月。在手术中分类获取骨折端及其周围的组织,包括骨断端、髓腔内容物和贴骨瘢痕,采用免疫组化染色、Real-time PCR检测不同部位组织中骨形态发生蛋白2、核心蛋白多糖的表达。 结果与结论：贴骨瘢痕组织骨形态发生蛋白2的表达最高,与骨断端和髓腔内容物组织比较,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);骨断端组织核心蛋白多糖的表达最高,与髓腔内容物和贴骨瘢痕组织比较,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果可见骨不连接区组织的抗纤维化和成骨能力的低下,与骨形态发生蛋白2和核心蛋白多糖不能同时高表达有关,因此骨不连区联合注射促成骨因子骨形态发生蛋白2和核心蛋白多糖不但可以促进骨诱导能力的提高,还有可能增强陈旧瘢痕的转化,从而使骨不连的治疗效果更好。     

宫颈癌基因组HLA-Ⅰ类基因微卫星不稳定和杂合性缺失的研究

目的　探讨人白细胞抗原 Ⅰ类基因在宫颈癌中微卫星不稳定和杂合性缺失的情况 ,并构建宫颈癌基因组在该区域的精细缺失图谱。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 单链长度多态性 银染技术 ,对 3 0例宫颈癌活检标本进行杂合性缺失和微卫星不稳定的检测。结果　在 3 0例宫颈癌活检组织中 ,有 2 3例( 76.7% )存在有 1个或多个位点的杂合性缺失 ,微卫星位点C3 2 11的杂合性缺失频率最高 ,可达5 0 % ( 15 /3 0 )。微卫星不稳定的发生率为 66.7% ( 2 0 /3 0 ) ,其中位点D6S2 5 8发生微卫星不稳定频率最高 ,达 40 % ( 12 /3 0 )。结论　人白细胞抗原 Ⅰ类基因的微卫星不稳定和杂合性缺失在宫颈癌的发生和发展过程中起着重要作用 ,同时发现位点C12 5～C3 2 11之间是宫颈癌患者的一个最小的共同缺失区域 ,该区域可能存在有与宫颈癌相关的抑癌基因。     

喉癌p16区域的杂合性丢失和微卫星序列不稳定性分析

目的 缩小喉癌抑癌基因的寻找范围,探讨Ｐ１６基因在喉癌发生中的作用。方法 选择Ｐ１６基因附近５个微卫星多态标记对６０例喉癌进行杂合性丢失和微卫星序列不稳定性分析。结果 ５个标记在喉癌中杂合性丢失频率均不高,最高仅达２３．１％,但２个标记的微卫星序列不稳定性的频率较高,其中示记微卫星序列恶性循环频率高达４６．１％。结论 提示Ｐ１６基因在喉癌的发生中不以缺失为主,在Ｄ９Ｓ１７５２附近可能存在参与喉癌演     

Contribution of microdissection for the detection of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer

The determination ofmicrosatellite instability (MSI) is an important step in the identification of familial colorectal cancer such as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. It could also be of interest in the therapeutic management of sporadic cancer. International criteria for the determination of MSI have been published, recommending the use of microdissection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of contaminant normal DNA in tumor samples for MSI assessment in colorectal cancer using a microdissection technique. We performed a comparative analysis of the microsatellite status between total DNA (DNA extracted from whole tumor samples) and microdissected DNA in 3 different regions from 23 cases of colorectal cancer. Six microsatellites were amplified using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed 9 cases with MSI and 14 cases without instability, with similar results between total DNA and microdissected DNA. Moreover, within a same tumor, the MSI phenotype was observed regardless of the region analyzed. Thus, this work shows the reproducibility of the MSI phenotype throughout a tumor. However, we observed a regional heterogeneity of the MSI profile, consisting of variations in the number and the size of unstable alleles within different regions. This result reflects the genetic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer with MSI. In the 14 cases without instability, we observed an increase of more than 60% in the loss of heterozygosity detection rate after microdissection. Thus, this work confirms the contribution of microdissection for loss of heterozygosity assessment.     

Breast cancer in an MSH2 gene mutation carrier

A 49-year-old woman presented with breast cancer. She is a member of a family with the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome for which a 2-base pair deletion in exon 11 of the mismatch repair gene MSH2 (c1705_1706 delGA) had been identified. Breast cancer is rare in the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome. Microsatellite analysis of the tumor showed a microsatellite instable pattern for markers Bat25, Bat26, and Bat40, and no changes for markers D2S123 and D5S346, a so-called microsatellite instability-high pattern. Immunohistochemical staining for the mismatch repair enzymes MSH2 and MSH6 was negative, whereas the tumor cells were positive for MLH1, a pattern suggestive for biallelic MSH2 gene inactivation. We tested the tumor for loss of heterozygosity of the MSH2 gene and found loss of the wild-type MSH2 allele. These data strongly suggest that the MSH2 gene was involved in the development of this breast tumor.     

骨形成蛋白3在肝门部胆管癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨肝门部胆管癌组织中骨形成蛋白3(BMP3)的表达情况及其临床意义。方法:收集30例肝门部胆管癌的临床标本,应用real-time PCR和Western blot检测BMP3 mRNA和蛋白在癌组织和癌旁组织的相对表达情况。收集103例肝门部胆管癌石蜡标本,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织中BMP3蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理的关系。结果:全组30例肝门部胆管癌组织中,22例癌组织BMP3蛋白和mRNA的表达水平较癌旁组织明显下降。免疫组织化学方法显示103例肝门部胆管癌组织中,87例阴性,16例弱阳性,BMP3蛋白的表达与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤的分化程度密切相关(P0.05)。结论:肝门部胆管癌组织中BMP3基因处于抑制状态,其表达的下调可能与肝门部胆管癌的发生、发展密切相关。     

Modulation of bone morphogenic protein signaling in T-cells for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract

Immunotherapy is becoming an increasingly attractive therapeutic alternative for conventional cancer therapy. In recent years Foxp3⁺ regulatory T-cells (T_R) were identified as the major obstacle to effective cancer immunotherapy. The abundance of these cells in peripheral blood is increased in patients with multiple types of cancer and their prevalence among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlated with poor clinical prognosis. In contrast, removal or inactivation of T_R cells led to enhanced anti-tumor immune response and better efficacy of cancer vaccines. This study reports that Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptor 1α (BMPR1α, Alk-3) is expressed by activated effector CD4⁺ and T_R cells and modulates functions of both cell types. Bone Morphogenic Proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of cytokines that also include TGFβ and activins. BMPs play crucial roles in embryonic development, tissue differentiation and homeostasis, and development of cancer. It was demonstrated that BMPs and activins synergize with TGFβ to regulate thymic T-cell development, maintain T_R cells, and control peripheral tolerance. Inactivation of BMPR1α in T-cells results in impaired thymic and peripheral generation of T_R cells. BMPR1α-deficient activated T-cells produced a higher level of interferon (IFN)-γ than BMPR1α-sufficient T-cells. Moreover, transplanted B16 melanoma tumors grew smaller in mice lacking expression of BMPR1α in T-cells and tumors had few infiltrating T_R cells and a higher proportion of CD8⁺ T-cells than wild-type mice.     

Genetic alterations of the Cdx2 gene in gastric cancer

Gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are generally considered precancerous lesions of the stomach; Cdx2 plays an important role in intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinogenesis. To elucidate the potential etiological role of the Cdx2 gene in gastric carcinogenesis, we analyzed genetic mutations and allelic loss in the Cdx2 gene of 95 sporadic gastric cancers. We found two somatic missense mutations in the Cdx2 gene, P63L in exon 1 and E204K in exon 2, encoding the caudal-like protein activation region (codon 13-180) and the homeobox domain (codon 188-243) of the gene, in the gastric cancers. In addition, 9 (25.0%) of 36 informative cases showed allelic loss at D13S220 and/or D13S260. In 11 cases with a genetic alteration, Cdx2 nuclear staining was observed only in 8 cases of gastric mucosa with intestinal metaplasia. Loss or reduced expression of the Cdx2 gene in cancer cells was found in two cases with a somatic mutation and in three cases with LOH. Interestingly, all of the cases were intestinal-type gastric cancers. Thus, these results suggest that genetic alterations of the Cdx2 gene may contribute to the loss of Cdx2 expression and to the development of gastric cancer, especially in the intestinal-type.     

Somatic frameshift mutations of bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 gene in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability

Mounting evidence exists that perturbation of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in cancer development, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. However, somatic mutations of the genes encoding BMP and BMP receptors have not yet been discovered in human cancer tissues. By analyzing a public database, we found that BMP receptor 2 (BMPR2) and BMP1 genes had mononucleotide repeats in their coding sequences that could be mutation targets in cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). In this study, we analyzed the mutation of BMPR2 and BMP1 genes in gastric (GC) and colorectal cancers (CRC) with MSI [31 GC with high MSI (MSI-H), 13 GC with low MSI (MSI-L), 38 CRC with MSI-H and 15 CRC with MSI-L] by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. Overall, we found seven frameshift mutations in the BMPR2 gene, but not in the BMP1 gene. The mutations were an identical deletion mutation of one base in the repeats (c.1748delA) that would result in premature stops of the amino acid synthesis (p.Asn583ThrfsX44). The BMPR2 mutations were detected in 6.5% of GC and 13.2% of CRC with MSI-H. All the cancers with the BMPR2 mutation showed loss of BMPR2 expression. Our data indicate that frameshift mutation of BMPR2 gene occurs in GC and CRC with MSI-H, and suggest that the BMPR2 mutation might contribute to cancer pathogenesis by inactivating BMPR2-mediated BMP signaling.     

Gastric cancer with high-level microsatellite instability: target gene mutations, clinicopathologic features, and long-term survival

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, and although the incidence has decreased in Western countries, specific high-risk areas are present in Italy. Gastric cancer with high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) represents a well-defined subset of carcinomas showing distinctive clinicopathologic features. We examined clinicopathologic associations and long-term survival in a series of 159 gastric cancer cases from a high-risk population in Tuscany (central Italy). MSI-H was associated with antral location of the tumor (P = .001), intestinal type according to Lauren classification (P = .002), expanding type according to Ming classification (P = .0001), and mucinous histologic type according to the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer classification (P = .002). In addition, MSI-H was strongly associated with a higher survival at 15 years (P = .01) and with loss of hMLH1 expression, evaluated by immunohistochemistry (P = .001). Multivariate analyses showed a significant association between the absence of hMLH1 reactivity and the expanding tumor type (P = .002). We also investigated the MSI-H-related genetic changes by analyzing coding repeats within target genes involved in pathways that control cell growth (TGFbetaRII, IGFIIR, RIZ, TCF4, DP2), apoptosis (BAX, BCL10, FAS, CASPASE5, APAF1), and DNA repair genes (hMSH6, hMSH3, MED1, RAD50, BLM, ATR, BRCA2, MRE11). Gastric cancer cases with MSI-H were found to accumulate heterozygous mutations affecting multiple molecular pathways and multiple genes within each pathway. Intriguingly, in this subset, TGFbetaRII mutations appeared to be inversely related to BLM mutations (P = .006), whereas RAD50 mutation carriers showed significantly reduced survival (P = .03).