妊娠早期及中孕早期与晚期夫妇焦虑抑郁情绪比较

目的了解早孕期／中孕早期和晚期孕妇及其丈夫的心理健康状况,为开展孕期心理保健提供思路O方法对2010年6月至2011年6月期问在北京妇产医院产科门诊孕早期和中孕早期（8～16周）孕妇及其丈夫263对（早期组）和晚孕期（1〉28周）196对夫妇（晚期组）进行问卷调查和焦虑抑郁量表（HAD）测定。结果对于孕妇而言,晚孕组在焦虑和抑郁水平上都高于早期组,有显著性差异（t值分别为2．06和3．53,均P〈0．05）;对于丈夫而言,早期组和晚孕组在焦虑水平上没有显著差异（t=1．86,P〉0．05）,在抑郁水平上,晚孕组显著高于早期组（t=2．44,P〈0．05）。早期组孕妇的焦虑和抑郁水平均显著高于丈夫（t值分别为2．08和2．17,均P〈0．05）,晚孕组孕妇抑郁水平高于丈夫,有显著性差异（t=3．71,P〈0．05）。孕妇和其丈夫之间在焦虑和抑郁水平上都存在显著相关（尺值分别为0．405和0．371,均P〈0．01）。结论晚孕期孕妇在焦虑和抑郁水平上都高于早期组,孕妇和其丈夫之间在焦虑和抑郁水平上都存在显著相关。     

输卵管间质部妊娠的早期诊断与价值及治疗进展

异位妊娠也称宫外孕,发病率约2%,是孕产妇死亡原因之一。其中95%为输卵管妊娠,典型的临床表现为停经后腹痛伴阴道出血。输卵管间质部妊娠是一种特殊类型的异位妊娠,临床表现与其他类型异位妊娠无明显差异,但症状出现时间较晚,所以易被忽视,发现后往往孕周偏大,一旦破裂容易出现致命性大出血,后果非常凶险,所以早期诊断及治疗输卵管间质部妊娠对孕产妇的预后至关重要。     

Successful life navigation by former participants in a group for pregnant and parenting teens

Background: Teen motherhood has negative consequences for mother and child. The Mothers of Mount Sinai (MOMS) Program is a group that assembles weekly and is for pregnant/parenting teens to help them become competent parents, provide job training, and encourage education and reproductive health.

Methods: Former MOMS participants were recruited to complete a survey if they were over 18, and they participated in a summer job training component between 1995 and 2006. The survey included questions about participants' lives at start of MOMS and currently, including education, finances, and pregnancies.

Results: Thirty-one of 77 eligible former participants completed the survey, with mean elapsed time of 10.7 years since starting MOMS. Fifty-eight percent had graduated high school, 81% had graduated high school or obtained a GED, 55% had attended some college, and 13% had graduated college. Twenty-six women (84%) are currently employed with median income in the range of $20,000–35,000. Currently, more women are financially self-sufficient (45%) compared to when they started MOMS (7%) (McNemar chi square p?=?0.000). Eighteen women (58%) received cash assistance when they started MOMS; currently only one does, p?=?0.000. Twenty-three women (74%) did not become pregnant again before 20; only one had 2nd child during her teen years.

Conclusion: Active MOMS participants were shown to have made great advances in education, employment, finances, and delayed 2nd births. These participants were a highly motivated group, which could contribute to a bias in the positive program effect.     

Prevalence and correlates of ambivalence towards pregnancy among nonpregnant women

BACKGROUND: Ambivalence towards pregnancy is rarely acknowledged in policy discussions. METHODS: We surveyed 441 nonpregnant women who consecutively presented to two urgent care clinics in California about their current intentions to conceive using a five-point scale. We examined the association between ambivalence towards pregnancy, sociodemographic characteristics and use of contraception. RESULTS: Almost one third of women (29.0%; 95% CI=25-33%) expressed ambivalence about their intentions to become pregnant. In multivariable modeling, being older than 30, being nonwhite and having a personal or religious objection to abortion were significantly associated with ambivalence towards pregnancy. Compared with women who stated they were trying to avoid pregnancy, women who expressed ambivalence were significantly less likely to have used a barrier or hormonal form of contraception at last intercourse (OR=0.36, 95% CI=0.23-0.57) and more likely to use the natural family planning (NFP) method (OR=3.31, 95% CI=1.39-7.90) or withdrawal (OR=1.61, 95% CI=0.98-2.65). CONCLUSION: Ambivalence towards pregnancy is common and is associated with use of less effective contraceptive methods.     

孕期细菌性阴道病与不良妊娠结局关系的探讨

目的通过对孕妇进行细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis,BV)筛查及治疗,探讨孕期BV与不良妊娠结局的关系。方法选取150例妊娠合并BV给予治疗的患者为A组;选取年龄、孕周与之匹配因故未治疗的81例妊娠合并BV的患者为B组;选取同期行围产监测的150例正常孕妇为C组,比较3组不良妊娠结局及宫内感染率。结果 B组中流产、早产、胎膜早破、产褥感染、新生儿窒息、新生儿感染的发生率均高于A、C组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论孕期BV可导致不良妊娠结局,治疗后可降低宫内感染率,减少妊娠不良结局的发生。     

The Importance of Local Data in Unintended Pregnancy Prevention Programming

Objective: Lack of local data on pregnancy intendedness poses a serious problem for those responsible for regional program development and evaluation. This article demonstrates how the Boulder County Health Department addressed this problem by conducting its own assessment. The information gathered served as the basis for collaborative population-based programming and policy development aimed at decreasing unintended pregnancy in the county. Methods: A random-digit-dial telephone survey of 300 men and 300 women was conducted to estimate the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and establish groups at highest risk. Qualitative data regarding the psychosocial and contextual factors associated with unintended pregnancy were gathered in six focus groups conducted with 46 males and females aged 18–28 who had experienced an unintended pregnancy. Results: The prevention strategies identified by the focus group participants lead to the development of locally relevant interventions among specific high-risk populations identified in the telephone survey. Programmatic and policy initiatives included raising awareness among key service providers and the community at large, creative means of bringing information and resources to those at risk, strengthening the delivery of clinical services, and promoting school involvement in unintended pregnancy prevention. Conclusion: Maternal and child health authorities should encourage the collection and use of pregnancy intendedness data at the local level.     

3例少见异位妊娠的病例分析并文献回顾

目的:探讨少见异位妊娠发病相关因素、临床表现、鉴别及治疗方式。方法:回顾分析中日友好医院妇科收治的3例少见异位妊娠患者的病史、辅助检查及诊疗经过并文献复习。结果:各例术前均行手术探查,术中所见及术后病理确诊为少见异位妊娠,治疗后随访血绒毛膜促性腺激素均降至正常范围。结论:临床上对于急诊育龄期妇女均需警惕异位妊娠可能,尽早诊治,减少并发症的出现。     

The Relationship Between Birth Predictedness and Violence During Pregnancy Among Women in La Paz and El Alto,Bolivia

Objectives: The main objectives were to estimate the prevalence of predicted and unpredicted last births using a prospective approach and to estimate the prevalence of violence during the last pregnancy. In addition, the relationship between birth predictedness and violence during pregnancy was examined. Methods: The target population for this study was women who had participated in the 1994 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and lived in El Alto and La Paz Bolivia (n = 1308). In 1997, 816 women were located and re-interviewed. During this three-year interval, 127/816 women had given birth to their last child. Results: Of the last births that occurred during the three-year interval, 82% were unpredicted (18% were to women who stated in 1994 that they wanted to postpone childbirth for more than three years and 64% were to women who stated they wanted to wanted to forego childbearing entirely). Twenty-eight percent of women reported that they had experienced violence during their last pregnancy. No statistically significant relationship was found between birth predictedness and violence during their pregnancy. Conclusions: The majority of births that occurred in the three-year study interval were unpredicted. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy was alarmingly high among this sample of women. Further investigation on violence during pregnancy is needed and should be expanded to examine how violence during pregnancy impacts maternal and infant outcomes, which have remained poor in this country. In addition, the high rates of unpredicted births illustrate that work remains to be done in addressing womens ability to control their fertility.     

孕期微量元素变化与妊娠不良结局相关性研究

目的:探讨不同孕期微量元素变化及与妊娠不良结局相关性。方法:选择研究组:早期先兆流产组64例,晚期先兆流产组70例,胎膜早破组31例,早产组35例。另选对照组:早孕组72例,中孕组96例,晚孕组126例,未孕组47例,测各组Se、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn水平。结果:①与未孕组比较,早、中孕组血清Se含量差异无显著意义,晚孕组明显降低。与相应对照组相比,所有研究组血清Se含量均明显降低。②与未孕组比较,早、中孕组血清Mn含量差异无显著意义,晚孕组明显升高。与相应对照组比较,所有研究组血清Mn含量差异无显著意义。③与未孕组比较,早孕组血清Fe水平显著升高,晚孕组血清Fe水平显著减低。与相应对照组比较,早期先兆流产、晚期先兆流产组血清Fe显著降低。④与未孕组比较,早孕组、中孕组、晚孕组血清Cu显著升高。与相应对照组比较,早期先兆流产、晚期先兆流产组血清Cu显著降低。⑤与未孕组比较,早,中,晚孕组血清Zn显著下降。与相应对照组比较,所有研究组血清Zn含量差异无显著意义。结论:硒、铁、铜是关键性微量元素,在围产期严重缺乏可致流产、胎膜早破,孕妇应注意摄入含硒、铁、铜丰富的食物,避免流产的发生,尤其是补充硒更为重要。     

Tensions Between Employment and Pregnancy: A Workable Balance

This article proposes a theoretical framework for analyzing the balance between employment and pregnancy by examining the interaction of three types of concerns: the employment concerns of the woman, the health concerns of the woman and her child, and the woman's economic concerns. Existing empirical studies are used to show the relevance of such a framework to analyze the tensions between employment and pregnancy. Finally, policy implications with respect to the balance between employment and pregnancy are discussed.     

体外受精-胚胎移植术后异位妊娠35例临床分析

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)术后异位妊娠的发生率、高危因素、早期诊断方法。方法:对生殖中心2001～2007年接受IVF-ET术后异位妊娠资料进行回顾性分析。结果:同期IVF-ET后临床妊娠1082例,异位妊娠35例,发生率3.2%,其中宫内外同时妊娠9例,发生率0.8%。异位妊娠组输卵管因素,近距离移植胚胎率均显著高于宫内妊娠组。单纯宫外妊娠与宫内外同时妊娠比较,胚胎移植14天血β-HCG及移植4周后常规阴道B超确诊率,差异有统计学意义。结论:输卵管因素是IVF-ET后发生异位妊娠主要高危因素,同时与移植管顶端在宫腔内位置有关。宫内外同时妊娠首次B超漏诊率高。IVF-ET术前、术中适当处理,早诊断、早处理有助于降低危害。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗输卵管妊娠的临床对照研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗输卵管妊娠的优缺点及安全性。方法:选取输卵管妊娠患者共90例,其中腹腔镜手术53例(腹腔镜组),开腹手术37例(开腹组),观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后3天内平均体温、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、总住院时间、术中及术后并发症等情况。结果:开腹组术中出血量、术后平均体温、排气时间、下床时间、住院费用、住院时间等指标均大于(长于)腹腔镜组,但是手术时间腹腔镜组长于开腹组,各项指标两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜组2例患者术后血β-HCG水平不下降加用药物治疗后恢复正常范围。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠术后恢复快,手术微创,但是费用较高,整体临床疗效优于开腹手术。     

Changes in Intendedness During Pregnancy in a High-Risk Multiparous Population

Objectives: Our objectives were to determine whether pregnancy intendedness changes as the pregnancy progresses and, if so, in what direction. Methods: Intendedness questions similar to those used in the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth were administered in the second trimester of pregnancy (16–18 weeks) and again in the third trimester (30–32 weeks) to a population of 1223 low-income women who were medically at high risk. Information was also collected on characteristics identified in previous studies as being associated with intendedness. Changes in reported intendedness status were categorized as positive if the woman switched from unwanted to mistimed or intended or from mistimed to intended. Changes were categorized as negative if the woman switched from intended to mistimed or unwanted or from mistimed to unwanted. Results: Among the 436 women who reported an intended pregnancy at midpregnancy, 79.1% still reported the pregnancy as intended in late pregnancy, while 15.9% moved to mistimed and 6.4% to unwanted. Of the 601 women who reported a mistimed pregnancy in midpregnancy, 80.9% still reported it as mistimed in late pregnancy, with 13.9% switching to intended and 5.2% switching to unwanted. Of the 186 women who reported an unwanted pregnancy at midpregnancy, 62.9% remained unwanted, 30.7% switched to mistimed, and 6.4% switched to intended. Conclusions: This study indicates that intendedness is not fixed during pregnancy. Between the first and the second administration of the intendedness questions, 275 (22.5%) of the women changed their responses and the larger percentage (12.5%) changed them in a positive direction. These findings have both policy and clinical implications.     

足月妊娠羊水过少与妊娠结局的临床分析

目的 探讨足月妊娠羊水过少对母婴分娩结局及胎儿宫内发育情况的影响。方法:2012年1月至2014年1月选取本院妇产科收治的80例羊水过少的孕妇为观察组,另选取同期在本院分娩的80例正常孕妇为对照组,对比分析两组母婴并发症发生率及胎儿宫内发育情况。结果:观察组产妇剖宫产率、产程延长、胎盘钙化、产后出血、妊娠高血压、过期妊娠、胎粪II~III度污染发生率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水污染、吸入性肺炎、胎儿窘迫发生率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组胎儿阿氏评分、出生体重、身长、头围均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:羊水过少可增加母婴并发症发生率,威胁母婴生命安全。加强产妇产前检查,适时选择合适的分娩方式可降低羊水过少发生率,有利于确保母婴生命安全。     

Relationship Between Blood Lead Levels and Hematological Indices in Pregnant Women

Several studies have revealed a negative association between blood lead levels and hematological impairment. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between blood lead levels and hematological indices in 292 pregnant women from Durango, Mexico. Apparently healthy pregnant women, aged 14–41 years and at 3–41 weeks of gestation, were recruited between June 2007 and May 2008. Blood lead and hematological indices were measured. The mean blood lead was 2.79 ± 2.16 μg/dL, and lead levels ≥5 μg/dL were detected in 25 women (8.6%). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells count were significantly higher in pregnant women with a blood lead concentration of ≥5 μg/dL than the group with lower blood lead levels (p < .05). Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were not significantly related to lead levels. Hemoglobin and hematocrit showed a non-significant positive correlation with blood lead, but the correlation between red blood cell count and blood lead levels was statistically significant (r = 0.185, p = .002). The findings suggest that a positive association between blood lead and some hematological indices may occur at relatively low blood lead concentration (mean < 5 μg/dL).     

妊娠期妇女心理行为特征研究

目的:从社会心理角度调查376例孕产妇妊娠期心理卫生状况,为提高围产期保健质量提供科学依据。方法:采用围产心理行为问卷填表形式,由受评者自己按问卷要求,对妊娠期心理、行为进行自我评定,以是或否方式进行回答多项选择。结果:早孕期心理行为改变最大,其次为分娩期,晚孕期居第3位,中孕期情绪相对稳定。早孕期心理的变化主要受妊娠反应的影响,大多数人对妊娠态度是积极的,约1/3有幸福感、自豪感,1/5对丈夫的依赖增强。晚孕期考虑与分娩有关的问题对孕产妇心理情绪有影响。结论:妇产科工作者应掌握和熟悉孕产期妇女心理行为特征,以获得更好的工作效果。     

不同治疗方案对异位妊娠所保留输卵管形态及功能影响的研究

目的探讨药物保守治疗与腹腔镜保守性手术治疗对异位妊娠所保留输卵管形态及功能的影响。方法对北京市朝阳区妇幼保健院2013年1月至2015年6月间异位妊娠经药物保守治疗成功患者40例与腹腔镜保守性手术治疗20例的输卵管复通情况与再次妊娠情况及结局进行分析。治愈3个月后行子宫输卵管碘油造影检查,了解患侧输卵管通畅情况。结果药物保守治疗组患侧输卵管复通率为72.5%(29/40),而手术治疗组复通率为70.0%(14/20),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。药物保守治疗组40例中,16例于随访期内再次妊娠,2例为重复性异位妊娠,14例宫内妊娠,其中1例行辅助生殖技术,足月分娩8例;手术治疗组20例患者中,再次妊娠8例(其中3例行体外受精-胚胎移植术),1例为自然受孕后重复性异位妊娠,足月分娩5例。药物保守治疗组再次自然宫内妊娠率为32.5%(13/40),手术组自然宫内妊娠率20%(4/20),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。药物保守治疗组住院费用显著低于手术组,但住院时间明显长于手术组(P0.05)。结论传统中药方剂联合甲氨蝶呤药物治疗与腹腔镜保守性手术治疗有异曲同工的效果,临床实践中,如何选取具体治疗方法,还需要对满足两种保守治疗条件的患者进行具体分析,做到个体化治疗。     

Pregnancy, illness and the concept of career

This paper explores a neglected area of women's reproductive experience, namely major illness during pregnancy. It draws on a qualitative study of 15 women who had either a pre-existing illness or developed a major health problem during pregnancy, and explores in detail the accounts of four contrasting case histories. Analysis is framed by the concept of career. It is argued, however, that an understanding of the women's experiences requires that pregnancy and illness are treated as separate, but co-existent, career paths. Pregnancy and illness were more than a concatenation of contingencies for each other. Pregnancy and the subsequent birth were influenced by the preceding and envisaged course of the illness, and the experience of illness was partly configured by the events of pregnancy. The paper considers the conceptual implications of multiple career analysis, and argues that a multiple career analytic approach has relevance for an understanding of other areas of health care, such as the experience of patients suffering from two or more concurrent illnesses.     

早期未破裂型输卵管间质部妊娠的腹腔镜治疗探讨

目的探讨和分析腹腔镜妊娠包块切除及双层包埋缝合在治疗早期未破裂型输卵管间质部妊娠临床应用优势。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学附属安庆医院2015年2月至2018年3月经手术治疗的早期未破裂型输卵管间质部妊娠42例的临床资料,其中采用腹腔镜妊娠包块切除及双层包埋缝合治疗的19例为观察组,常规经腹切开治疗的23例为对照组,比较两组临床相关指标,评价手术疗效。结果观察组均腹腔镜完成妊娠包块切除及双层包埋缝合术,无1例中转开腹及发生术后并发症。观察组与对照组的手术时间[(60.2±11.5)min vs (86.3±13.2)min]、术中出血量[(123.5±13.6)mL vs (367.3±26.8)ml]、排气时间[(32.6±3.8)h vs (57.2±4.6)h]及术后人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG)转阴时间[(11.57±3.74)d vs(15.01±2.91)d]相比明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期未破裂型输卵管间质部妊娠采用腹腔镜妊娠包块切除及双层包埋缝合术在手术时间、术中出血量、排气时间、术后hCG转阴时间等方面有明显优势。