Plasma content of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in mice protected with zinc-metallothionein against acute alcohol intoxication

The malonic dialdehyde content in murine plasma decreases considerably after 1–24 h of acute alcohol intoxication (3 g/kg intraperitoneally). Zinc-metallothionein from rat liver administered in a dose of 2 mg/kg prior to alcohol normalizes the malonic dialdehyde level, whereas a mixture modeling zinc-metallothionein (albumin, cysteine, and zinc) does not change it. A 2- to 2.5-fold increase in the malonic dialdehyde content is observed in all cases after 3 days. It is assumed that the effect of zinc-metallothionein is associated with its ability, similarly to other thiol compounds, to stimulate the metabolism of ethanol and acetaldehyde and to reduce the toxicity of the latter by forming mixed compounds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 46–49, January, 1995 Presented by I. V. Domoradskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Binding of3H-diazepam in rat brain eleven months after termination of corazole kindling

Binding of³H-diazepam in rat cerebellum decreases by 14% (p<0.05) 11 months after termination of kindling and one day after injection of a test dose of corazole (30 mg/kg), while it increases by 19.5% after a single injection of a convulsive dose of corazole (50–75 mg/kg). No changes are found in the cortex. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 135–137, February, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the brain of rats exposed to acute emotional stress: Effect of interleukin-1β

Acute emotional stress is shown to raise the level of malonic dialdehyde in the hypothalamus of August rats. After intraventricular administration of interleukin-1β, the malonic dialdehyde level and the activity of antioxidant enzymes tended to rise selectively in the hypothalamus (but not in the sensorimotor cortex) of August, Wistar, and WAG rats. In the presence of this interleukin, acute emotional stress did not cause increases in lipid peroxidation products in the hypothalamus of August rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 244–247, September, 1995     

Relationship between hemoglobin affinity for oxygen and lipid peroxidation in fever

Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (P₅₀ parameter) and the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), Schiff's bases, and diene conjugates in the plasma and red cell mass were examined in mixed venous blood of rabbits with pyrogenal fever. Correlation regression analysis of the tested parameters showed that reduction of the actual affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is conducive to activation of free-radical processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 27–30, July, 1994 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Stimulation of the DNA replication and murine bone marrow cell proliferation with exogenous zinc-metallothionein

It is shown that zinc-metallothionein from rat liver increases 1.5-fold thein vitro incorporation of³H-thymidine in murine bone marrow cells. The same concentrations of zinc chloride and a mixture imitating zinc-metallothionein (zinc, cysteine, and albumin) inhibit DNA synthesis. In mice receiving an intraperitoneal injection of zinc-metallothionein 10–15 min before γ-irradiation, the incorporation of³H-thymidine and the content of nucleated cells in the bone marrow is 1.5- to 2-fold higher than those in unprotected animals, the number of endogenous splenic colonies in pretreated mice being 2.7-fold higher. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 505–508, November, 1996     

Experimental validation for a clinical study of GABA-positive substances in threatened abortion

The barouterography method revealed that intravenous phenibut in a dose of 50 mg/kg and phenazepam in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg have a suppressive effect on the contractile isometric (fetus-expelling) activity of the uterus in nonpregnant and pregnant rabbits. Phenibut (150 mg/kg) and phenazepam (3 mg/kg) do not have an adverse effect on fetal development in rats. Clinical trials of phenibut and phenazepam as gravidoprotectors in threatened abortions are recommended. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 35–37, July, 1994     

Ambiguity of the effect of high and low doses of amino-acid preparations on the immune response and phagocytosis in mice

It is shown that the effect of amino-acid preparations (levamine-70–70, cerebrolysin, and aviamine) is dose-dependent. Thus, levamine-70 and cerebrolysin at 65 mg/kg do not affect the immune response but stimulate phagocytosis. Aviamine at 65 mg/kg inhibits the immune response but stimulates phagocytosis and in a dose of 6.5×10⁻² mg/kg boosts both processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 500–501, May, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Use of zinc metallothioneine to protect mice from ionizing radiation

Injecting mice with exogenous zinc-metallothioneine from rat liver at 2 mg/kg 5–10 min before their total-body irradiation resulted in a significantly increased 30-day survival rate. The radioprotective effect of zinc-metallothioneine was not associated with the influence of its constituents, since a model mixture composed of these (albumin, cysteine, and zinc) failed to protect. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 139–141, August, 1994 Presented by B. B. Moroz, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ammonium succinate is an effective corrector of cerebral circulatory hypoxia

It is demonstrated that ammonium succinate is capable of increasing the survival of rats with acute brain ischemia. In transient brain ischemia therapeutic injection of ammonium succinate prevents the development of postischemic hypoperfusion and hypooxygenation of the brain. The antiischemic effect of ammonium succinate is due to a decrease of the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and to limitation of the accumulation of malonic dialdehyde, a secondary product of lipid peroxidation, in the brain. No vasotropic activity of ammonium succinate is revealed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 276–278, September, 1994 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Synthesis and properties of the immunotoxin CD5-ricin

Synthesis and properties of an immunotoxin produced by conjugating ricin with a novel monoclonal antibody (IgG3 of the ICO-104 class) are described. Cytolytic activity of the synthesized immunotoxin, determined by two independent methods and expressed in LD₅₀, is 0.3–0.6×10⁻⁷ M. Its specificity for target cells containing the CD5 antigen is shown. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 76–79, January, 1995 (Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Structural alterations of rat erythrocytes induced by phosphacol poisoning

Nembutal-anesthetized rats under conditions of artificial respiration received intramuscular injections of phosphacol in doses equal to 0.5, 5, and 50 LD₅₀. The lung ventilation per se induced blood changes typical of hyperventilation alkalosis. Poisoned animals showed the development of dose-dependent tissue acidosis. At a later stage of poisoning (2 hours) a high phosphacol dose induced decompensated acidosis, which caused the death of some animals. Electron microscopy revealed that the previously described rat erythrocyte deformation coincides in time with the changes of cytoskeleton content and depends on the dose of phosphacol but not on the blood pH. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 517–520, May, 1995 Presented by S. N. Golikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of naftidrofuryl on lipid peroxidation in serum and erythrocyte plasma membrane of patients with diabetes mellitus

Effect of naftidrofuryl, a blocker of serotonin 5S₂-receptors (Dusodril-retard), on the malonic dialdehyde content in the serum and erythrocyte membranes is studied in diabetics with and without angiopathies. A 40-day treatment with Dusodril-retard normalizes the serum content of malonic dialdehyde, an intermediate product of lipid peroxidation, and has no effect on the malonic dialdehyde content of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. A negative correlation is established between blood levels of total cholesterol, β lipoproteins, and malonic dialdehyde levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 9, pp. 338–341, September, 1996     

Reaction of mouse ovary to opioid receptor block during early postnatal ontogenesis

Prolonged administration of naloxone (5 mg/kg body weight) during the juvenile period stimulated ovarian folliculogenesis and pubescence in mice; the effect was absent in animals of other ages, when a single injection was given, or when the dose of preparation was decreased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 341–344, March, 1996 Presented by O. V. Volkova, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Delta sleep-inducing peptide and flunitrazepam acting jointly increase cardiac electrical stability

In experiments on rabbits under Nembutal anesthesia, intravenous injection of flunitrazepam in a single dose of 0.125 mg/kg in combination with delta sleep-inducing peptide in a single dose of 60 nmol/kg raised the threshold of ventricular fibrillation to a level that was significantly higher than that after injection of flunitrazepam alone in the same dose and comparable to that after injection of this benzodiazepine alone in twice as high a dose (0.25 mg/kg), but without the side effects (persistent hypotension and transient bradycardia) produced by the latter dose. It is concluded that the ability of jointly acting delta sleep-inducing peptide and flunitrazepam to increase the electrical stability of the heart may have practical relevance to the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias occurring under conditions of emotional stress and myocardial ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 342–345, April, 1995 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Evaluation of microsomal and mitochondrial oxidation in rat liver in tetracycline-induced hepatosis

A satistically significant decrease in the content of cytochromes P-450 and b₅ and in the activity of aniline hydroxylase and p-nitroanisole demethylase occurs in rat liver microsomes during the development of experimental acute fatty hepatosis develoing within a 24-h period after intraperitoneal administration of 125 mg/kg tetracycline hydrochloride. Under these experimental conditions tetracycline hydrochloride elicits only an insignificant disintegrating effect on oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 612–615, December, 1994     

A new method of stimulating uteroplacental blood flow,based on the regulation of venous circulation in the uterus

Experiments on pregnant rabbits infused with troxevasin showed that the rate of uteroplacental blood flow after infusion depended on the dose and the initial (preinfusion) rate of this blood flow. After the dose of 140 mg/kg, the blood flow rate increased if it was initially low and decreased if it was high. After a lower dose (70 mg/kg), the blood flow rate decreased to different degrees depending on the initial blood flow rate in the uterus. The findings suggest that the use of troxevasin to treat the fetus is indicated in cases of placental insufficiency. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 346–349, April, 1995 Presented by B. I. Tkachenko, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Rat model of acute tetracycline hepatosis and its dynamic predictors

It is demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of tetracycline hydrochloride in a dose of 125 mg/kg leads to the development of acute fatty hepatosis in rats within a 24-h period, by which time the maximum accumulation of lipids and triacylglycerides is observed in the liver. In addition, a direct dependence is established between the severity of fatty hepatosis and a decrease in the cytochrome P-450 content. The cytochrome P-450 content is a dynamic predictor of tetracycline fatty hepatosis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 603–605, December, 1994     

Early Resistance to experimental plague in animals immunized with recombinant plague vaccine

The protective properties of recombinantSalmonella minnesota R595/pFS1 strain soon after immunization (1–3 days) are studied in a model of experimental mouse plague. Unlike the commercial EV strainYersinia pestis vaccine produced at the Saratov Anti-Plague Institute (Mikrob Research-Manufacturing Conglomerate), the experimental recombinant p preparation affords a high level of protection from the 1st day postvaccination, and surpasses the commercial preparation in such parameters as LD₅₀, mean survival time, and percentage of survivors. By the 21st day the protective indexes of both preparations are comparable. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny,Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 54–57, January, 1995 Presented by A. A. Vorob'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Use of α-tocopherol emulsion for antioxidant protection of ischemic or stored kidneys

The ability of α-tocopherol in the form of an emulsion to augment the antioxidant reserve of kidneys during their ischemia or storage is explored. Over 10 min after an intravenous injection of the emulsion into rats or rabbits at 10 mg/kg body weight, the mean α-tocopherol concentration in the renal cortical layer rose from 6.7±0.2 to 7.4±0.2 μg/g (p<0.05); the injection also slowed the accumulation of malonic dialdehyde in cortical layer homogenates of intact and ischemic kidneys during ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation. In kidneys stored at 4°C in a preservative solution to which the α-tocopherol emulsion had been added (10 mg/liter), lipid peroxidation was found to be inhibited after 24 and 48 h of storage. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 499–502, May, 1996     

Dose-dependent influence of buprenorphine on the phospholipid composition of cat hepatocyte plasma membranes in hemorrhagic shock

It is established that buprenorphine (0.3 mg/kg) induces considerable alterations in the phospholipid composition of hepatocyte plasma membranes as a result of phosphatidylserine accumulation and a considerable loss of sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylserine. When administered in a dose of 0.03 mg/kg, buprenorphine facilitates normalization of the phosphoinositol turnover in hepatocyte plasma membranes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 164–165, August, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences