Influence of Anatomic Conditions on Efficacy and Safety of Combined Intermediate Cervical Plexus Block and Perivascular Infiltration of Internal Carotid Artery in Carotid Endarterectomy: A Prospective Observational Trial

Ultrasound-guided intermediate cervical plexus blockade with perivascular infiltration of the carotid artery bifurcation perivacular block (PVB) is a reliable technique for regional anesthesia in carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We investigated the effect of the carotid bifurcation level (CBL) on PVB efficacy and safety in patients undergoing CEA. This prospective observational cohort study included 447 consecutive CEA patients who received PVB over a 6-y period. Vascular and neurologic puncture-related complications were recorded. The CBL was localized at the low level (C4 and C5 vertebra, low-level [LL] group) in 381 (85.2%) patients and at the high level (C2 and C3 vertebra, high-level [HL] group) in 66 (14.8%) patients. Local anesthetic supplementation by surgeons was necessary in 64 (14.3%) patients in the LL group and 38 (59.4%) patients in the HL group (p < 0.001) and was associated with a higher rate of central neurologic complications in the HL group (p = 0.031). Therefore, the efficacy of the PVB may be influenced by the CBL.     

A comparison of superficial versus combined (superficial and deep) cervical plexus block for carotid endarterectomy: a prospective, randomized study. (University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI) Anesth Analg 2000;91:781–786.

Carotid endarterectomy may be preformed by using cervical plexus blockade with local anesthetic supplementation by the surgeon during surgery. Most practitioners use either a superficial cervical plexus block or a combined (superficial and deep) block, but it is unclear which offers the best operative conditions or greatest patient satisfaction. This study compared the 2 techniques in 40 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The patient randomly received either a superficial or a combined cervical plexus block. Bupivacaine 0.375% to a total dose of 1.4 mg/kg was used. The main outcome measure was the amount of supplemental lidocaine 1% used by the surgeon. Subsidiary outcome measures were postoperative pain score, sedative and analgesic requirements before and during surgery, and postoperative analgesic requirements. Median supplemental lidocaine requirements were 100 mg in the superficial block group and 115 mg in the combined block group. These differences were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the number of patients needing postoperative analgesia between the groups in the 24 h after surgery. The median time to first analgesia in the superficial block group was 150 min. more than in the combined block group, but this difference, although large, was not statistically significant. No significant differences were found between the anesthetic techniques studied. Comment by Alan Kaye, M.D. Carotid endarterectomy surgery can be performed with regional or general anesthesia. It is probable that a substantial majority of CEAs performed in North America are performed under general anesthesia. Debate over choice of regional versus general anesthesia persists because of various studies of risks and benefits. Each type of anesthesia has its own advantages and disadvantages, which must be considered when choosing the optimal anesthetic for patients. Regional anesthetic techniques available include local infiltration, superficial and deep cervical plexus block, a combination of these with or without contralateral superficial plexus, and cervical epidural anesthesia. This prospective, randomized, double‐blinded study compared superficial versus combined (superficial and deep) cervical plexus block in 40 patients. Outcomes were measured by supplemental local anesthetic used by the surgeon, postoperative pain scores, and sedative and analgesic requirements before, during, and postoperatively. The results showed no significant difference in either study group. Therefore, this small study suggests that superficial block should be preferred in as much that it is relatively easy to do and the potential side‐effects are far less than deep cervical block. Larger studies are warranted in this difficult population of patients.     

超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因的半数有效剂量

目的测定超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因的半数有效剂量。方法选择择期行手或前臂手术的40例患者(ASA分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级),采用超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞两点注射法注入0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因,盐酸罗哌卡因的剂量分别由低到高设为12、14、16、18和20 mL,初始剂量16 mL,间隔剂量为2 mL,注药30 min后切皮时,视觉模拟评分(VAS)>3分,改为全身麻醉以及下一例采用高一级剂量。若VAS≤3分,则下一例采用低一级剂量。采用Probit法计算超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因的半数有效剂量及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因的半数有效剂量为15.9 mL,95%CI为12.7~19.1 mL。结论正常成人超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因的半数有效剂量为15.9 mL。     

General anesthesia vs combined anesthesia during internal carotid artery surgery

Methods 50 patients underwent surgery on internal carotid artery. The first group of patients were performed combined anesthesia with Propofol , Phentanil and superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB). Second group were administrated Phentanil and Propofol. Monitoring: blood pressure, BIS, dose of anesthetic agents. Results of study indicated that combined method of anesthesia with SCPB provided better brain perfusion because of high level of MBP (mean blood pressure) at the time of occlusion of ICA and more stable hemodynamic indices. In addition second group of patient had longer period of recovery due to higher dose of Phentanil than the first group. CONCLUSION: Combined anesthesia with propofol, phentanil and CPB provides better analgesia and require less dose of opiodes anesthetics.     

三维虚拟穿刺仿真在颈部神经阻滞中的应用

背景:颈部神经阻滞麻醉易引起严重麻醉意外与并发症,目前在建立颈部神经三维可视化模型并对颈部神经节阻滞进行虚拟仿真方面还处在临床探索阶段。目的:寻求三维虚拟穿刺仿真在颈部神经阻滞中的应用方法。方法:取健康志愿者颈部连续CT动脉造影/MRI脊髓造影断面图像,Mimics软件对骨骼、肌肉、动静脉、甲状腺、喉软骨、脊髓等组织进行半自动分割和重建,医学计算机辅助设计模块对神经等细小解剖结构进行重建,三维化显示颈部神经及周围相关解剖结构,并进行颈部神经穿刺虚拟仿真,包括模拟颈浅丛阻滞,颈深丛阻滞和星状神经节阻滞。结果与结论:成功模拟颈浅丛阻滞,颈深丛阻滞和星状神经节阻滞,显示虚拟穿刺针和骨性结构、动静脉、肌肉、脊髓、颈丛深浅支和星状神经节等解剖结构的三维毗邻关系,并测量穿刺进针的安全角度,深度和最佳穿刺路径。说明三维虚拟穿刺仿真技术可以为颈部神经阻滞术提供直观的形态学参考。     

Noninvasive Investigation of Pericarotid Syndrome: Role of MR Angiography in the Diagnosis of Internal Carotid Dissection

A 52-year-old man presented with unilateral left periorbital and frontotemporal pain associated with a partial ipsilateral Horner's syndrome of the postganglionic type and representing a pericarotid syndrome. MRI demonstrated a perivascular subacute hematoma at the level of the cervical portion of the left internal carotid artery with a markedly reduced flow-void signal. MR angiography confirmed the narrowed lumen of the dissected cervical internal carotid artery. There was also a right-sided precavernous carotid aneurysm. Three months later the left-sided pain had subsided, with complete resolution of the hematoma and incomplete restoration of the left carotid lumen seen on MR angiography. Dissection of the carotid wall may cause the oculosympathetic paralysis by producing a lesion of the superior cervical ganglion, the internal carotid nerve, or the perivascular sympathetic plexus. Whereas in pericarotid syndrome the most common cause is cervical carotid dissection, Raeder's syndrome additionally involving parasellar cranial nerves, may be caused by any paracavernous/cavernous lesion, including neoplasms and intracranial carotid aneurysms. The clinical distinction is useful to determine the appropriate diagnostic investigation, in view of the different pathoanatomical localization and different disease spectrum. As demonstrated in the present case, the combination of MRI and MR angiography is a reliable noninvasive tool to investigate the differential diagnosis of pericarotid syndrome, accurately depicting occlusive, stenotic or aneurysmal lesions of the carotid artery. We suggest that intraarterial angiography is no longer necessary.     

超声引导下臂丛上干及颈浅丛神经阻滞结合全身麻醉对肩关节镜下肩袖损伤修复术患者麻醉药物用量及应激反应的影响

目的探讨超声引导下臂丛上干及颈浅丛神经阻滞结合全身麻醉对肩关节镜下肩袖损伤修复术患者麻醉药物用量及应激反应的影响。方法将89例行肩关节镜下肩袖损伤修复术患者根据麻醉方式不同分为对照组(44例)和观察组(45例)。对照组给予单纯全身麻醉,观察组给予超声引导下臂丛上干及颈浅丛神经阻滞结合全身麻醉。比较两组的麻醉药物用量及应激反应发生情况。结果观察组的舒芬太尼用量及七氟烷用量均少于对照组(P<0.05)。T1、T2、T3时,观察组的E、NE、DA水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下臂丛上干及颈浅丛神经阻滞结合全身麻醉应用于肩关节镜下肩袖损伤修复术患者中,有助于减少术中麻醉药物用量,也能减轻应激反应。     

Clinical Utility of Low‐Volume Ultrasound‐Guided Interscalene Blockade

Objective. The purpose of this series is to describe cases in which ultrasound guidance was used to allow patients to receive the benefits of regional anesthesia while safely circumventing traditional contraindications to interscalene blockade (ISB). Methods. Targeted low‐volume ISB was performed in 3 patients in whom this procedure would typically be contraindicated because of phrenic nerve blockade or risk of local anesthetic toxicity. A patient with severe respiratory dysfunction, a patient undergoing bilateral shoulder surgery, and a patient requiring awake fiberoptic intubation underwent low‐volume ultrasound‐guided ISB. The ultrasound technique involved the use a low local anesthetic volume, anatomic identification of the brachial plexus trunk, needle placement opposite the phrenic nerve position, and control over local anesthetic spread. Results. In both patients in whom diaphragmatic paralysis was a concern, postoperative respiratory parameters indicated successful regional analgesia without evidence of phrenic nerve blockade. In the patient requiring an additional regional anesthetic procedure, ISB was performed with a local anesthetic volume low enough to avoid exceeding toxic safety thresholds. Conclusions. Although further studies are warranted, we report on 3 cases in which ultrasound guidance was used to allow patients to receive the benefits of regional anesthesia while safely avoiding standard contraindications to ISB. Ultrasound technology may allow providers to perform low‐volume brachial plexus blockade while avoiding issues related to phrenic nerve blockade and systemic local anesthetic toxicity.     

罗比卡因与布比卡因用于连续臂丛阻滞术后镇痛的比较

目的:比较0.125%罗比卡因与0.125%布比卡因应用于上肢连续臂丛阻滞病人术后自控镇痛的效果。方法:45例拟行上肢择期手术病人随机分为R组、B组和N组,每组15例。术前均予肌间沟径路或腋路臂丛阻滞以及臂丛神经鞘内置管。术后R组与B组使用便携式病人自控镇痛泵,泵内液体分别为0.125%的罗比卡因和0.125%的布比卡因,N组为对照组,观察24h。记录3组患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分和镇痛药使用情况,记录R组与B组患者的运动阻滞、麻木感、局麻药用量、满意度、镇痛技术问题和并发症。结果:R组与B组在术后各个时间点的疼痛评分均较低,组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。N组疼痛评分在术后0h、3h时与R组和B组比较无明显差异(P>0.05);在术后6、12、18、24h均较高,与R组和B间差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。R组与B组镇痛满意度较高,组间无明显差异(P>0.05),运动阻滞、麻木感、补充用药、局麻药用量无统计学差异(P>0.05);技术问题与并发症两组发生率均低。结论:0.125%罗比卡因与0.125%布比卡因均可有效地用于上肢术后的连续臂丛阻滞病人自控镇痛,并且效果相似。     

超声引导下小儿肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的应用研究

目的 探讨小儿肌间沟臂丛神经的超声解剖学特点及超声引导下小儿肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的可行性和安全性.方法 36例拟行肱骨髁部骨折切开复位内固定术患儿,超声检查肌间沟内臂丛神经的分布,观察臂丛神经的声像图特点,测量神经干的直径与皮肤的距离,在超声引导下行肌间沟臂丛阻滞.结果 超声检查36例小儿肌间沟内臂丛神经均清晰显示,超声引导下以0.25%布比卡因行肌间沟臂丛阻滞麻醉有效率达100%.结论 臂丛神经超声解剖结构清晰,超声引导下小儿肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞安全可行.     

Supraclavicular block during elbow joint surgeries in children

The regional methods of analgesia are the "golden standard" of choice during trauma surgeries. The supraclavicular block of the bracheal plexus is the method of choice during the cubital joint surgeries. The purpose of the study is to improve the effectiveness of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia for surgical interventions on the cubital joint in children by developing and implementing the clinical practice of peripheral blockade of the brachial plexus by the supraclavicular access. The study included 40 children aged 5 to 12 years. The children rated as ASA I, came to the clinic on an emergency basis with cubital joint bones injuries. All the children were had surgeries on the cubital joint (closed and open repositions with osteosynthesis) with balanced regional anesthesia, the main analgesic component of which was supraclavicular brachial plexus block (by Kulenkampf-Fursaev technique). The supraclavicular block was performed in conditions of psychological comfort of the child. For the means of premedication age appropriate doses of seduxen or midazolam were intravenously administered. Intraoperative sedation was conducted by the re-introduction of benzodiazepines, and ketamine (up to 1 mg/kg/h). During the study period, the effective intraoperative analgesia, provided by supraclavicular blockade of peripheral nerves, was observed in 31 children. In 9 patients the blockade could be found to be incomplete at the second stage of the surgery (reposition). For this reason, it took the additional administration of tramal in a dose of 2 mg/kg and deepening of sedation with ketamine up to the dose of 2 mg/kg/h. The duration of effective postoperative analgesia due to long-acting local anesthetic (0.5% solution of naropin) was 8-9 hours. There were no complications registered as a result of supraclavicular. Thus, this study proves that the supraclavicular brachial plexus block provides effective intra and postoperative analgesia in trauma operations on the cubital joint in children.     

Analgesia and effectiveness of levobupivacaine compared with ropivacaine in patients undergoing an axillary brachial plexus block

A common anesthetic technique for the upper extremity is local brachial plexus anesthesia using levobupivacaine and ropivacaine. To our knowledge, no study has been performed measuring differences in analgesic efficacy and latency when these local anesthetics are used for brachial plexus anesthesia. We enrolled 54 adults, assessed as ASA class I or II, into this double-blind, prospective investigation to receive 40 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine or levobupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. Pain was assessed using a 0 to 10 verbal numeric rating scale (VNRS). Motor blockade was determined using a modified Bromage scale. Variables included analgesic duration, latency, and overall patient satisfaction. The ropivacaine group had significantly higher VNRS scores at the 8th (P= .001) and 10th (P = .003) postoperative hours. The duration of sensory analgesia was significantly longer in the levobupivacaine group (831 minutes) than in the ropivacaine group (642 minutes, P = .013). Return of motor activity was significantly faster in the ropivacaine group (778 minutes) than in the levobupivacaine group (1,047 minutes; P = .001). No other significant differences were noted between the groups. When considering levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for brachial plexus anesthesia, levobupivacaine should be considered when postoperative analgesia is a concern but not when an early return of motor activity is required.     

外周神经刺激器定位腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞在血管外科下肢手术中的应用

目的观察外周神经刺激器定位下的腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞应用于血管外科患者下肢手术的效果。方法20例血管外科拟行单侧下肢手术的患者,施行单侧腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞。腰丛阻滞为腰肌间隙入路,坐骨神经阻滞为臀区入路。采用神经刺激器定位技术,刺激器电流频率1 Hz,起始强度1 mA,麻醉总量为1%利多卡因30 mL、0.5%罗哌卡因30 mL。结果20例患者均阻滞完善,麻醉效果满意,术中生命体征平稳,血流动力学稳定。结论神经刺激器定位技术下腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞定位准确,客观指征明显,效果可靠,对患者各系统干扰小,对有严重合并症患者更为适用。     

罗哌卡因复合地佐辛对臂丛神经阻滞麻醉效果的影响

目的观察罗哌卡因复合地佐辛用于臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法对75例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级拟行上肢手术患者按随机数字表法分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组,每组25例。Ⅰ组患者采用0.4%罗哌卡因25mL肌间沟注射行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉;Ⅱ组患者采用0.4%罗哌卡因复合地佐辛10mg的混合液25mL肌间沟注射行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉;Ⅲ组患者先采用0.4%罗哌卡因25mL肌间沟注射行臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,然后静脉注射地佐辛10mg辅助麻醉。观察3组患者麻醉后血压[收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）]、平均动脉压（MBP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）和麻醉起效时间、感觉阻滞持续时间、镇痛持续时间及不良反应（恶心、呕吐和头昏、呼吸抑制、尿潴留、瘙痒）等情况。结果 3组患者麻醉后SBP、DBP、MBP、HR、SpO2值比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。Ⅱ组感觉阻滞持续时间和镇痛持续时间均明显长于Ⅰ、Ⅲ2组（均P〈0.05）。3组患者均未出现尿潴留、瘙痒及呼吸抑制。Ⅲ组患者恶心、呕吐及头昏发生率明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ2组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论采用0.4%罗哌卡因复合地佐辛10mg的混合液25mL行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞麻醉能明显增强臂丛神经感觉阻滞效果,延长镇痛时间,不良反应少,呼吸循环平稳。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因对超声引导腋路臂丛神经阻滞效果的影响

目的探讨不同浓度罗哌卡因对超声引导腋路臂丛神经阻滞效果的影响。方法 ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级拟择期行前臂或者手部手术的病人120例,在超声引导下行腋路臂丛神经阻滞,随机分为四组:A组给予0.25%的罗哌卡因,B组给予0.33%的罗哌卡因,C组给予0.4%的罗哌卡因,D组给予0.5%的罗哌卡因,每组30例,均给予罗哌卡因32 ml。记录臂丛神经阻滞起效时间、镇痛持续时间;评估臂丛神经阻滞效果;观察记录不良反应。结果随着罗哌卡因浓度的增高,起效时间逐渐缩短,镇痛维持时间逐渐延长,每两组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。四组阻滞效果差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组优秀率83.3%,优良率93.3%;B组优秀率90.0%,优良率96.7%;C组优秀率96.7%,优良率100%;D组优秀率100%。四组病人均未出现不良反应。结论超声引导下行腋路臂丛神经阻滞,0.25%~0.50%罗哌卡因都是可行的,从"较低的浓度达到100%阻滞成功率"的角度评价,0.4%罗哌卡因效果最好。     

Nerve guidance with versus without prepuncture ultrasound visualization for psoas compartment block and perineural catheter insertion: A randomized, prospective, blinded study

Lumbar plexus block may offer significant advantages in terms of postoperative analgesia, patient satisfaction, surgical outcome and patient rehabilitation. Ultrasound guidance has been used to describe psoas compartment block-related anatomy and to estimate transverse process depth before needle insertion and prediction of actual needle-to plexus intercept depth. The aim of this prospective randomized blinded study is to compare the Nerve-Stimulation Guidance with versus without the Pre-puncture Ultrasound Visualization in terms of onset time of the lumbar plexus sensory and motor block in patients undergoing total hip replacement.46 patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomly allocated to receive posterior lumbar plexus block (LPB) using nerve stimulation guidance with (group US, n = 23) or without pre-puncture ultrasound imaging (group NS, n = 23).Onset time of sensory and motor blocks was recorded every 5 min for the first 30 min starting from the injection of the local anesthetic injection. Readiness for surgery was defined as complete numbness to pinprick test in the region supplied by the lumbar plexus and Bromage’s score = 3.Need for additional local anesthetic boluses or general anesthesia, intraoperative opioid consumption and first postoperative 24 h local anesthetic and rescue Analgesics consumption were also recorded.The time required for the execution of the block was 3 (2–15) min in Group US and 5 (2–20) min in Group NS (p = 0.06). The mean time to readiness for surgery was 12 ± 5 in Group US and 19 ± 6 min in Group NS (p = 0.04) . 3 Patients in Group US (13%) and 4 patients in Group NS (17%) (p = 0.73) required general anesthesia due to failed block. Intraoperative opioid consumption was similar in the two groups. There were no differences in complications, postoperative local anesthetic and rescue analgesics consumption and pain scores.Nerve-Stimulation technique combined with Pre-puncture Ultrasound Visualization for continuous lumbar plexus blocks is comparable to Nerve-Stimulation technique in terms of percentage of block success, intraoperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain relief. Pre-puncture Ultrasound Visualization may reduce the time required for readiness to surgery.     

超声引导臀下和臀横纹下入路坐骨神经阻滞的比较

目的 比较臀下入路和臀横纹下入路超声引导坐骨神经阻滞的效果.方法 选择择期下肢手术患者148例,随机分为臀下入路和臀横纹下入路组,每组74例,在超声联合神经刺激器引导下行坐骨神经阻滞,局麻药为0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml,测定坐骨神经至皮肤距离深度,对比操作时间和调整穿刺方向次数,评价坐骨神经运动阻滞率及主要分支胫神经、腓浅神经、腓肠神经和股后皮神经感觉阻滞效果,记录麻醉相关并发症.根据手术麻醉需要所有病例同时以0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml行腰丛神经阻滞.结果 臀横纹下入路组穿刺时间和调整穿刺针方向次数少于臀下入路组,臀横纹下入路组注药15 min后脚踝运动阻滞率低于臀下入路组,两组间注药30 min后感觉和运动阻滞率无差异,两组手术麻醉效果、镇痛时间和运动阻滞时间无差异.结论 臀下和臀横纹入路坐骨神经阻滞均可用于下肢手术麻醉,臀横纹下入路组操作更方便,可作为高位坐骨阻滞的首选入路.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of subgluteal(SG) and sub-subgluteal-fold(SSGF)approach for ultrasound-guided siatic nerve block. Methods One hundred forty-eight patients undergoing lower limb surgery were randomly divided into two groups to receive SG approaches and SSGF approaches to sciatic nerve block under real time ultrasound guidance. A combined posterior lumbar plexus block under ultrasound guidance was performed for sufficient surgery anesthesia. 20 ml of 0. 5% ropivacaine was used for sciatic nerve and lumbar plexus block separately. Measurements included skin-to-nerve distance,reorientation of the needle during block and execution time,rates of sensory and motor blockade after 15 min and 30 min of injection, quality of surgery blockade, duration of the sensory and motor block, and postoperative complications related to sciatic nerve block. Results In SSGF group, execution time and reorientation of needle for sciatic nerve block was significantly less than those of the SG group( P ＜0.01).But motor blockade in the SG group was quicker when compared with SSGF group ( P ＜0.01). There were no significant differences in the quality and duration of blockade between the two groups. Conclusions Both SG and SSGF approach can be used for sciatic nerve block with equal sensory and motor block rate,whereas sciatic nerve block via SSGF approach was faster and easy to perform than the SG one.     

腋路远端臂丛神经阻滞在手外科手术中的应用

目的探讨腋路远端臂丛神经阻滞的方法和效果。方法患者上肢外展80度,在上肢的中上1/3交界处触及肱动脉搏动,连续阻滞四支终末神经,多点注射,麻醉起效后,观察并记录感觉和运动阻滞完善时间、镇痛效果、麻醉持续时间和并发症发生情况。结果 56例患者感觉阻滞完善时间为(9.06+3.57)分钟,运动阻滞完善时间为(14.9+4.5)分钟,镇痛持续时间(268.1+31.2)分钟,均未发生蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外阻滞、喉返神经或膈神经阻滞、霍纳综合征、气胸、局麻药中毒等并发症,血流动力学及呼吸平稳。结论 腋路远端臂丛神经阻滞麻醉操作简单安全,易掌握,并发症少,阻滞效果较完善,适合饱胃、急危重症及肥胖患者肘部以下手术。     

超声引导锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞临床效果观察

摘 要　目的：观察超声实时引导锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞应用于上肢手术病人的临床效果。方法：120例行上肢手术的病人，ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级，均行锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞，随机分为三组，每组40例：神经刺激器组（N组）和超声引导A组（UA组）的局麻药为0.5%罗哌卡因20ml，超声引导B组（UB组）的局麻药为0.375%罗哌卡因20ml。观察桡神经、正中神经、尺神经、肌皮神经、前臂内侧皮神经感觉阻滞效果和肩关节、肘关节和腕关节运动阻滞程度，评定手术全程的麻醉效果，记录并发症。结果：与N组比较， UA组和UB组感觉阻滞效果较完善(P<0.01)。与N组和UA组比较，UB组腕关节、肘关节和肩关节运动阻滞程度较轻(P<0.05)。UA组和UB的麻醉效果较N组好(P<0.01)。三组均未记录到相关并发症发生。结论：超声引导技术改善了锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞的效果，能降低局麻药浓度或用量并保证镇痛效果完善，临床应用价值较高。