Comparative study between robotic laparoscopic myomectomy and abdominal myomectomy

Study objectiveTo compare short-term surgical outcomes of robotic and abdominal myomectomy and to analyze the factors affecting the short-term outcomes.DesignRetrospective study of a consecutive case series at Emory Saint Joseph’s Hospital, Atlanta, USA.Subjects and methodFrom February 2007 to June 2009, 122 patients with symptomatic leiomyomata underwent either robotic assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM, n = 77) or abdominal myomectomy (AM, n = 45). The variables investigated included the type of surgery, age, BMI, gravity, parity, number of leiomyomata, diameter of largest tumor size, total operative time, estimated blood loss, and length of hospital stay.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the two groups regarding age, gravity and parity. However, BMI, number of leiomyomata and tumor sizes were significantly higher in AM compared to RALM. The total operative time was significantly longer in RALM compared to AM. The total estimated blood loss and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in RALM compared to the AM group. The predicted odds of staying one day or less in the hospital for patients receiving RALM was 193.5 times the odds for patients receiving AM when adjusted for the number of leiomyomata and the tumor size. The probability of one day admission or less in the hospital was significantly increased for patients receiving RALM.ConclusionRALM has shorter hospital stay, less blood loss and increased operative time compared to AM, regardless of tumor size and number of tumors. Although operative time was increased with the RALM procedure, blood loss and hospital stay were integral outcomes in the study result.     

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standard laparoscopic myomectomy--a retrospective matched control study

OBJECTIVE: Compare robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) to a matched control standard laparoscopic myomectomy (LM). DESIGN: A retrospective matched control study. SETTING: Private practice setting. PATIENT(S): Premenopausal and postmenopausal women who underwent either robotic-assisted or standard laparoscopic myomectomy. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Retrospective chart review was performed. Cases of laparoscopic robotic-assisted myomectomies were compared with a matched control group of standard LM. Comparisons were based on Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and exact chi-square tests. RESULT(S): Between January 2006 and August 2007, 15 consecutive RALMs were performed at our institution, compared with 35 matched control standard LMs. The two groups were matched by age, body mass index, parity, previous abdominopelvic surgery, size, number, and location of myomas. Mean surgical time for the RALM was 234 minutes (range 140-445) compared with 203 minutes (range 95-330) for standard LMs. Blood loss, hospitalization time, and postoperative complications were not significantly different. CONCLUSION(S): The RALM required a significant prolonged surgical time over LM. It appears that in the hands of a skilled laparoscopic surgeon, the RALM does not offer any major advantage. This technology, however, offers exciting potential applications while learning endoscopic surgery. Further studies are warranted to asses the utility of RALM for general gynecologic surgeons.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜在妇科经自然腔道内镜手术中的应用

经自然腔道内镜手术（NOTES）是从微创外科发展起来的一种新的革命性外科技术,它利用内镜经人体的自然腔道（如口腔、胃、阴道、膀胱、结直肠等）进入胸、腹腔等进行各种内镜下的操作。传统的NOTES为二维成像,将机器人系统应用于NOTES可实现三维成像。目前开展的机器人NOTES妇科手术主要包括机器人辅助经脐单孔腹腔镜手术及机器人辅助经阴道自然腔道内镜手术。文章就目前机器人辅助腹腔镜在妇科NOTES中的应用进行阐述及讨论。     

上海市10年妇科腹腔镜手术发展状况

目的 回顾性分析上海市7所医院1990年-1999年间腹腔镜手术资料,总结上海市妇产科腹腔镜手术10年的发展状况和发展趋势,探讨腹腔镜手术在妇科临床中应用前景。方法 以发卷询问形式对上海市开展腹腔镜手术医院的手术例数、手术适应证、手术范围及腹腔镜手术并发症进行调查。结果5所三级医院、2所区级医院给予了回答,回信率 70％。腹腔镜手术总例数9210例,其中5240例诊断性腹腔镜手术,3970例手术性腹腔镜手术。1990年～1997年间,诊断性腹腔镜手术呈平台走势,每年600例左右,1998年、1999年手术性腹腔镜明显增多,而诊断性腹腔镜明显减少。10年间腹腔镜手术的发展分为1990年-1994年和1995年～1999年两个阶段,两个阶段诊断性腹腔镜与手术性腹腔镜比例分别是3.8:1及1:4。所占妇科手术比例从1992年腹腔镜手术开始时的2.31％增加到1999年的30％。手术范围从输卵管切除、附件切除、全子宫切除到盆腔淋巴结切除。并发症89例,发生率0.97％。自1997年后,诊断性腹腔镜并发症几乎降为0,手术性并发症呈下降趋势,1999年手术性腹腔镜1290例中并发症仅6例,发生率0.47%(P<0.01)。结论 手术性腹腔镜手术有替代妇科大部分手术的趋势,并发症发生率随手术性腹腔镜技术的成熟呈下降趋势。     

Bottom-up technique for laparoscopic assisted myomectomy: A new technical approach

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a new instrument and a new surgical technique for laparoscopic assisted myomectomy.DesignProspective controlled clinical study.SettingTakarazuka City Hospital, Japan.SubjectsWomen (78) who underwent laparoscopic assisted myomectomy.ResultsDuring the study period all cases were successfully managed using the new technique. No complications occurred. The mean operating time was 85.5±39min. The mean myoma weight was 312±118.2g. The mean amount of blood loss was 89.3± 28.1ml. The mean amount of CO₂ used throughout the procedure was 12±5.3L. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 1±0.4day. Long term follow-up showed that 66.6% of the infertile cases achieved pregnancy, improvement of menorrhagia was achieved in 76.4% of patients and remission of pelvic pain was achieved in 57.1% of patients.ConclusionThe bottom-up technique of laparoscopic assisted myomectomy using Lap Disc Mini is safe, effective and easy to use for laparoscopic management of uterine myoma.     

A Comparison of Quality Outcome Measures in Patients Having a Hysterectomy for Benign Disease: Robotic vs. Non-robotic Approaches

Study ObjectiveTo measure procedure-related hospital readmissions within 30 days after discharge for patients who have a hysterectomy for benign disease. Secondary outcome quality measures evaluated were cost, estimated blood loss, length of stay and sum of costs associated with readmissions.DesignRetrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).SettingAcademic community hospital.PatientsPatients who underwent hysterectomy to treat benign disease from January 2008 to December 2012.InterventionsPatients were grouped according to route of hysterectomy: robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (robotic), laparoscopic hysterectomy (laparoscopic), abdominal hysterectomy (open via laparotomy), and vaginal hysterectomy (vaginal).Measurements and Main ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 2554 patients: 601 in the robotic group, 427 in the laparoscopic group, 1194 in the abdominal group, and 332 in the vaginal group. Readmission rates in the robotic cohort were significantly less (p<.05) than in non-robotic cohorts: Robotic (1%), laparoscopic (2.5%), open (3.5%), vaginal (2.4%). Estimated blood loss, length of stay, and sum of readmission costs were also significantly less in the robotic cohort (p<.05) compared with the other 3 cohorts.ConclusionPatients who undergo robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy have a significantly lower chance of readmission <30 days after surgery compared with those who undergo laparoscopic, abdominal (open) hysterectomy, and vaginal approaches. Patients in the robotics cohort also experienced a shorter length of stay, less estimated blood loss, and a cost savings associated with readmissions when compared to non-robotic approaches. Prospective registries describing quality outcomes, total sum of costs including 30 days follow-up, as well as patient-related quality of life benefits are recommended to confirm these findings and determine which surgical route offers the highest patient and societal value.     

Long-term impact and risk factors for hysterectomy after hysteroscopic surgery for menorrhagia

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term impact of management and establish the incidence of hysterectomy, and to identify factors predictive of failure of the procedure among women who had undergone hysteroscopic endometrial resection with or without myomectomy for menorrhagia. Clinical history and data on additional treatment and follow-up status were obtained by medical record review and postal questionnaire for 279 women who had undergone hysteroscopic surgery. Follow-up data were available for 259 (93%) cases, and the mean follow-up was 6.0 years. Subsequent hysterectomy was the primary endpoint, and its incidence was calculated by survival analysis. Univariant analysis and Cox regression model were used to identify predictors of failure. Myomas, polyps, adenomyosis, or endometrial hyperplasia were found in 40.9% of hysteroscopic procedures. Perioperative complications occurred in 5.7% and late complications in 7.7%. During the follow-up period, 97 (37.5%) of 259 women underwent at least one gynecological procedure. The incidence of hysterectomy was 23.6% (95% confidence interval: 18.8–29.1%). Positive predictive factors for hysterectomy were long uterine cavity (≥9 cm) and tubal ligation. Most (82.8%) of the 198 women who did not undergo hysterectomy had postoperative oligo- or amenorrhea. Hormone replacement therapy was common (67%) among postmenopausal women after endometrial resection. Hysteroscopic resection of the endometrium and concomitant hysteroscopic resection of fibroids for the treatment of menorrhagia is a suitable alternative to hysterectomy and offers lasting results. A large uterine cavity indicating possible uterine pathology and tubal ligation associated with hematometra increase the risk of hysterectomy.     

Therapeutic management of uterine fibroid tumors: updated French guidelines

The medical management of symptomatic non-submucosal uterine fibroid tumors (leiomyomas or myomas) is based on the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding by any of the following: progestogens, a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device, tranexamic acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or GnRH analogs. Selective progesterone receptor modulators are currently being evaluated and have recently been approved for fibroid treatment. Neither combined estrogen–progestogen contraception nor hormone treatment of the menopause is contraindicated in women with fibroids.     

机器人手术系统与腹腔镜在卵巢癌手术中应用效果的meta分析

目的:系统评价机器人手术系统在卵巢癌手术中的有效性和安全性。方法:检索Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、CBM和万方数据库从建库至2018年5月1日的文献,对所纳入的研究,运用Revman 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入9篇文献,受试患者共404例(机器人组178例,腹腔镜组226例)。Meta分析结果显示,与腹腔镜组相比,机器人手术系统可显著减少术中出血量,在早期卵巢癌手术中手术时间长于腹腔镜组,尚未发现两种手术方式在其他方面的明显差异。结论:在卵巢癌尤其是早期卵巢癌手术中,机器人手术系统在近期疗效上存在一定优势,但其远期疗效仍需进一步研究。     

Learning curve analysis of the first 100 robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomies performed by a single surgeon

Objective

To review the first 100 cases of robotic-assisted hysterectomy performed by an individual surgeon.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of the first 100 consecutive patients who underwent robotic-assisted hysterectomy by a newly trained minimally invasive gynecologic surgeon was conducted. Demographic factors and short-term surgical outcome variables were abstracted from medical records. We examined univariate associations and performed multivariable modeling with linear regression, and modeled the learning curve for total operative time using power-law function.

Results

Mean age was 46 years; mean body mass index was 27.8 kg/m². Median operative time was 120 minutes; median estimated blood loss was 100 mL. On multivariable analysis, case number (β –0.296; P < 0.005) and uterine weight (β 0.330; P < 0.005) independently predicted operative time, while uterine weight (β 0.387; P < 0.005) independently predicted estimated blood loss. The point at which the slope of the case number–operative time curve crosses –1.0 is at case 28 when uncontrolled and at case 24 when controlled for other factors.

Conclusion

There was a significantly decreased operative time for robotic-assisted hysterectomies performed later in the surgeon’s learning curve. Surgical proficiency, as measured by operative time, seemed to be attained after 20–30 cases.     

Single-port laparoscopic myomectomy using transumbilical GelPort access

Objective

To describe our initial experience with single-port laparoscopic myomectomy (SP-LM) using transumbilical GelPort access and the surgical technique used, and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this procedure.

Study design

A prospective observational study was performed at a university teaching hospital from January 2009 to December 2009. Fifteen patients with symptomatic subserosal or superficial intramural myomas (≤8 cm) underwent SP-LM.

Results

The mean age and body mass index were 35.0 ± 8.6 years and 22.6 ± 2.6 kg/m². Two patients had a history of previous abdominal surgery, consisting of one and two cesarean deliveries. The mean operating time, hemoglobin change, return of bowel activity, and length of hospital stay were 81 ± 21.5 min, 1.1 ± 0.5 g/dL, 34.3 ± 5.9 h, and 3.1 ± 0.5 days, respectively. In one patient (6.7%), SP-LM was converted to two-port LM. There were no surgical or wound complications in any patient, and the histopathological result was leiomyoma in all the cases.

Conclusion

SP-LM is feasible in selected patients with symptomatic myoma.     

腹腔镜子宫切除术式的研究

目的:总结腹腔镜子宫切除术的临床价值。方法:在腹腔镜下对330例患者施行子宫切除术,与170例剖腹术进行比较,就术式选择、手术优越性、适应证、并发症进行对比分析。结果:腹腔镜辅助的经阴道子宫切除术式(LAVH)受子宫大小及膀胱反折腹膜粘连的影响,适用于子宫小于16孕周尤其是临床高度怀疑子宫肌瘤或内膜恶变患者。腹腔镜筋膜内宫颈上子宫切除术(CISH)可保持阴道及盆底正常解剖结构的完整性,切除宫颈癌的好发部位,而且手术受子宫大小及其与周围粘连的限制少。腹腔镜施行子宫手术具有术中出血量少及手术时间不延长、术后病率低、住院时间短、术后恢复快等优点。结论:腹腔镜子宫切除手术具有微创、效优的特点,值得临床推广使用。