胺碘酮治疗顽固性室性心动过速和心室颤动的临床疗效分析

目的　总结大剂量胺碘酮静脉注射加口服治疗顽固性反复发作性室性心动过速和心室颤动的用药经验和临床疗效。方法　对利多卡因反复应用无效或反复除颤利多卡因不能维持的16例病人,胺碘酮3～5mg/kg稀释后10min内静脉注入,随后0 5～1 5mg/min泵入维持,若心律失常控制不满意,可每隔30min再注射75～15 0mg ,同时口服胺碘酮2 0 0mgtid ,静脉平均用药3～9(5. 9±3. 2 )d。结果　第1天平均静脉用量115 3±183(90 0～15 0 0 )mg ,心律失常控制率18 7% ,第2天31. 3% ,72h全部控制。7d后2 0 0～6 0 0mg/d维持。30d时1例停服胺碘酮17d的病人,室性心动过速再次发生,除颤无效死亡;余15例病人,病情稳定后改用胺碘酮10 0～2 0 0mg口服,随访3～12 (7 .7±3 .1)个月无复发。结论　静脉注射胺碘酮加口服应用对顽固性反复性室性心动过速和心室颤动完全有效,用药要个体化。用药过程中要注意监测血压、心率和心律,预防复发需坚持长期口服。     

大剂量胺碘酮静脉注射治疗顽固性心律失常的临床研究

目的:总结大剂量胺碘酮(Am)静脉注射治疗顽固性心律失常的临床用药经验。方法:41例合并器质性心脏病的反复发作顽固室性心动过速(VT)和(或)心室颤动(VF)患者,男31例,女10例,年龄47.0a±15.6a(21～68)岁。对常规抗心律失常药物治疗无效,静脉注射负荷量Am,以3.0～5.0mg/kg稀释后10min内注入,随后以1.0～1.5mg/min泵入维持,若心律失常控制不满意,可每隔30min再注入75～150mg追加负荷量,同时口服Am,静脉用药3.5±2.6天。结果:第1个24h Am静脉用量为1785±292(1692～3160)mg,心律失常控制占59％(24/41);72h心律失常全部控制。1例96h后VT复发,追加Am负荷量后获控制,1例死于心源性休克。结论:大剂量静脉注射Am对顽固VT和(或)VF安全有效,用药强调个体化。在用药过程中注意监测血压、心率、节律变化。预防心律失常复发需长期口服Am。     

静注胺碘酮治疗高危病人室性心律失常的临床研究

目的:研究静脉应用胺碘酮在高危病人室性心动过速(VT)和(或)心室颤动(VF)的临床治疗效果。方法:对常规抗心律失常药物治疗无效,采用静脉注射胺碘酮首剂150 mg稀释10 min内注入,随后以1.0-1.5 mg/min维持静脉点滴(输液泵),以后依病情渐减,当心律失常控制不理想时,可每隔30 min再注入150 mg增加负荷量,同时口服胺碘酮,静脉用药持续5天左右,口服600 mg/日1周,400 mg/日1周,200 mg维持。结果:第1个24 h静脉胺碘酮用量为(1462±320)mg,心律失常控制达58％(36/62),72 h后心律失常控制达96.4％(60/62)。结论:静脉注射胺碘酮对VT和(或)VF安全高效,用药强调个体化。推荐剂量:第一天(24 h)内静脉胺碘酮1000-1500 mg,预防心律失常复发需长期口服胺碘酮。     

静脉胺碘酮在充血性心力衰竭并室性心律失常中的应用

目的 :观察静脉应用胺碘酮治疗充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)并有快速室性心律失常患者的临床疗效。方法 :32例器质性心脏病伴室性心动过速 (VT)和 (或 )心室颤动 (VF)患者 (室颤患者先给予电除颤 ) ,给予静脉注射胺碘酮。首剂 15 0mg后以 0 5～ 1 0mg/min静脉维持注射 ,同时口服 6 0 0mg/d ,并逐渐减至 2 0 0mg/d维持。结果 :第一个 2 4h 2 2例心律失常获控制 ,静脉用胺碘酮 92 0～ 2 14 0 ( 112 4± 2 13)mg ,72h心律失常全部被控制。结论 :静脉应用胺碘酮治疗CHF伴VT和 (或 )VF对控制心律失常是快速、有效、安全的。     

1例重度乌头碱中毒的抢救护理

乌头类药物其毒性很大,直接作用于心肌迷走神经出现心律失常,若服用过量或误服易发生中毒反应甚至死亡。本科抢救1例重度乌头碱中毒致心脏骤停、无脉室性心动过速时间长达5 h的患者,经积极抢救后痊愈出院,现将其抢救报告如下。161病例介绍纳络酮2mg(每3～5min)反复静脉注射,360J直流电除颤,可达龙300mg、     

扩张型心肌病室速和室颤的抢救治疗及随访

目的　探讨应用胺碘酮 (AM)对扩张型心肌病 (DCM)伴室性心动过速 (VT)和 (或 )心室颤动 (VF)的治疗及预防疗效。方法　本组 19例 DCM伴 VT和 (或 ) VF,左室射血分数 (L VEF) (2 3± 8.2 ) % ,静脉注射 AM首剂 3～ 5 mg/kg,稀释后 10～ 2 0分钟注入 ,继以 0 .75～ 1mg/min维持静脉注射 ,如心律失常控制不满意 ,可每隔 30分钟追加 75～ 15 0 mg的 AM。在静脉用药的同时口服 AM6 0 0～ 80 0 mg/d。结果　 11/19患者 2 4小时心律失常获控制占 5 8% ,AM静脉用量平均为 (12 41± 12 5 .5 ) mg(115 6～ 2 14 2 mg) ,72小时完全控制心律失常。结论　静脉注射 AM治疗 DCM并 VT和 (或 ) VF安全有效 ,预防心律失常发作需长期口服 AM。     

静脉注射美托洛尔治疗急性冠脉综合征合并恶性室性心律失常的临床观察

目的 观察静脉注射美托洛尔治疗急性冠脉综合征合并恶性室性心律失常的疗效.方法 在常规治疗的基础上,在心电监护下,应用美托洛尔缓慢静脉注射(1 mg/min),共5～15 mg.若患者血液动力学稳定,则开始口服美托洛尔维持治疗.结果 本组急性冠脉综合征合并恶性室性心律失常122例患者,在应用美托洛尔后,心律失常均有不同程度的减轻或消失,其中3例发生心力衰竭死亡,2例心脏破裂死亡,其余均存活出院,治疗过程中未发现其他不良反应.结论 静脉注射美托洛尔治疗急性冠脉综合征合并室性心动过速及心室颤动,有较好的疗效,且安全可靠.     

严重低钾血症致顽固性心室颤动1例的急救与护理

<正>低钾血症在临床上较为常见,经高浓度补钾效果较好。但低钾特别是严重低钾血症或重度低钾血症(血钾低于2.5 mmol/L)[1]常引起反复发作的持续性室性心动过速、尖端扭转型室性心动过速及心室颤动,常危及生命。在心室颤动或无脉性室性心动过速的抢救过程中,连续3次高能量电除颤治疗均告失败,即可定义为顽固性心室颤动[2]。2013年7月,平阳县人民医院急诊科收治1例因低钾血症致顽固性心室颤动患者,经及时反     

静脉胺碘酮治疗老年充血性心力衰竭并恶性室性心律失常

目的观察静脉与口服联合应用胺碘酮治疗老年充血性心力衰竭并恶性室性心律失常的疗效及安全性。方法对42例老年充血性心力衰竭并发室性心动过速(VT)和/或心室颤动(VF)患者,首剂给予胺碘酮150~300 mg,10 m in注入,继之以0.5~1 mg/m in维持泵入。静脉维持用药24~48 h后给予口服胺碘酮600 mg/d,并逐渐减至200 mg/d维持。结果维持静脉点滴平均(4.0±1.5)d,总有效率85.7%。静脉用药期间,未见QT间期明显延长,无因胺碘酮导致或加重心功能不全。结论静脉用大剂量胺碘酮治疗老年心力衰竭并发的恶性室性心律失常是安全有效的。静脉与口服联合给药起效快,可达到早期抢救生命的目的,又可稳定血药浓度,防止心律失常的复发。     

静脉注射胺碘酮(可达龙)和盐酸普罗帕酮(心律平)对阵发性心房纤颤复律疗效观察

目的对比观察静脉注射胺碘酮(可达龙)和盐酸普罗帕酮(心律平)转复阵发性心房纤颤的疗效与安全性。方法47例阵发性心房纤颤患者在常规治疗相同的条件下随机分成可达龙组(24例)和心律平组(23例)。可达龙用法为:首剂150 mg,30 min后未转复窦性心律,可再给以150 mg静脉注射,继之0.5~1.0 mg/min持续静滴1~3 d,静脉用药同时给予口服胺碘酮,第一周200 mg,3次/d,第2周200 mg,2次/d,第3周200 mg,1次/d(24 h总量<1200 mg);心律平用法为:首次负荷量70 mg,若无效30 min后可重复70 mg,最大累计量210 mg,次日开始口服心律平片0.2 g,3次/d。观察一周内房颤转复有效率和不良反应。结果可达龙组有效率75%(18/24),心律平组有效率43.5%(10/23),两组比较,P<0.05,差异有显著性。两组均未见复律后严重心动过缓、窦房和房室阻滞、窦性停搏等。结论可达龙转复阵发性房颤有效率优于心律平。     

New strategies for ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation ablation

Patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) and no reversible cause are difficult to treat. While implantable defibrillators prolong survival, many patients remain symptomatic due to device shocks and syncope. To address this, there have been recent advances in the catheter ablation of VT and VF. For example, non-invasive imaging has improved arrhythmia substrate characterisation, 3D catheter navigation tools have facilitated mapping of arrhythmia and substrate and ablation catheters have advanced in their ability to deliver effective lesions. However, the long-term success rates of ablation for VT and VF remain modest, with nearly half of treated patients developing recurrence within 2–3 years, and this drives the ongoing innovation in the field. This review focuses on the challenges particular to ablation of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, and the strategies that have been recently developed to improve procedural efficacy. Patient sub-groups that illustrate the use of new strategies are described.     

室性心动过速和心室颤动治疗进展

室性心动过速（室速）和心室颤动（室颤）是心源性猝死最常见的原因。本文就器质性、特发性和离子通道病性室速/室颤的药物、器械、导管消融术及其他治疗等的最新进展进行了总结,以期能够达到规范临床诊疗的作用。     

Effects of proximal ventricular septal pacing on hemodynamics and ventricular activation

Recently the use of alternate site pacing to improve cardiac function in patients with bradyarrhythmias has increased. In the present study, hemodynamics of right ventricular septal pacing were studied in seven dogs. A bipolar screw-in lead and endocardial lead were placed in the proximal right ventricular septum and right ventricular apex, respectively. The right ventricle was paced from each site. A conductance catheter and Millar catheter were inserted into the left ventricle to determine the left ventricular pressure and the pressure-volume loop. Cardiac output was measured using the thermodilution method. In five of the seven dogs, ventricular activation was documented by isochronal epicardial activation mapping during each pacing mode. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output during septal pacing were significantly higher than during apical pacing (110 +/- 17 mmHg vs 100 +/- 18 mmHg; 1.00 +/- 0.39 L/min vs 0.89 +/- 0.33 L/min). The positive dp/dt during septal pacing was significantly higher than during apical pacing (2137 +/- 535 mmHg/s vs 1911 +/- 404 mmHg/s). End-systolic elastance during septal pacing was significantly higher compared to apical pacing (13.1 +/- 0.3 mmHg/mL vs 8.9 +/- 4.0 mmHg/mL). The ventricular activation time during septal pacing was significantly shorter than during apical pacing. The epicardial maps generated during septal pacing were similar to those from atrial pacing. We conclude that hemodynamics and interventricular conduction are less disturbed by proximal right ventricular septal pacing than apical pacing in dogs with normal hearts.     

Left ventricular enlargement

Electrophysiology/Characteristics/Morphology: Increased duration of QRS interval, delay of intrinsicoid deflection, and increased QRS voltage tend to occur. "Strain" refers to T-wave inversion with depressed upwardly convex ST segments in the setting of LVE. Leftward axis is common, but not always found with LVE. EKG diagnosis: See Romhilt-Estes Scoring System outlined in Table 1. Conditions impairing diagnosis: asymmetrical septal hypertrophy, prior MI, CHF, pericardial or pleural effusions, anasarca, pulmonary emphysema, RBBB, LBBB, obesity, concomitant right ventricular enlargement. False positive diagnosis can occur in children and young adults, or in patients who are emaciated or have a slender body build. Significance: Hypertension is the most common cause. New onset or increasing strain pattern may signify LV dilatation and failure, or myocardial ischemia, and warrants careful evaluation. Treatment: As per underlying cause.     

Right ventricular enlargement

Right ventricular enlargement (RVE) encompasses dilatation and hypertrophy of the right ventricular chamber. Severe RVE produces characteristic ECG changes including right axis deviation and large S waves in the left precordial leads. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause.     

Epicardial ablation of ventricular tachycardia associated with isolated ventricular noncompaction

A 52-year-old man presented with sudden onset of palpitations and dizziness. Echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of isolated noncompaction of ventricular myocardium with moderated systolic dysfunction, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed ventricular tachycardia (VT), of which the focus seemed to match an area of prominent left ventricular noncompaction on the 12-lead surface ECG. Through the activation mapping from the endo- and epicardium, simultaneously, a discrete potential preceding the QRS during VT was observed at the anterolateral epicardial wall. He subsequently underwent radiofrequency ablation, and VT was successfully eliminated.     

Catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia: indications and techniques

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) may be secondary to many different underlying pathophysiologies. The nature of the underlying disorder determines amenability to catheter ablation, thus, dictating the circumstances under which it should be undertaken. The differing substrates also influence the choice of techniques that are used. The most intensively studied clinical subgroup of VT is re-entrant VT in the setting of ischemic heart disease. The approach to ablation in such patients is discussed in detail. Subsequent discussion focuses on other clinically encountered varieties of VT and the ablation methods used in each individual disease state.     

Failure of transvenous ICD to terminate ventricular fibrillation in a patient with left ventricular noncompaction and polycystic kidneys

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) testing in patients with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) at the time of implantation and potential difficulties with ventricular fibrillation (VF) induction/termination in LVNC patients are often not stated in the literature. This report describes the failure of transvenous implantation of an ICD in a 40-year-old patient with LVNC and polycystic kidneys. A high defibrillation threshold (DFT) prevented termination of ICD-induced VF. This case suggests that DFT testing should be considered in any LVNC patient during ICD implantation. The association of LVNC and polycystic kidneys is also discussed.     

频发右心室流出道室性期前收缩对右心室流出道结构影响的研究

目的 探讨右心室流出道(RVOT)起源频发室性期前收缩对RVOT结构的影响.方法 选取2009～2011年行射频消融治疗的频发RVOT起源室性期前收缩患者30例,分析其心电图特征、动态心电图、心脏彩色超声结果及术中精确定位,分析室性期前收缩对RVOT结构的影响.结果 射频消融术前RVOT直径为(31.76±3.33)mm,术后6个月为(30.93±2.68)mm(P＜0.01);相关性分析显示:RVOT直径与室性期前收缩负荷呈正相关(r=0.484,P＜0.05).RVOT间隔部来源室性期前收缩QRS时限为(157.69±18.33) ms,游离壁来源室性期前收缩QRS时限为(179.23±16.05)ms(P＜0.01),QRS时限与来源部位相关(r=0.566,P＜0.01).室性期前收缩QRS时限与RVOT直径无相关性(r=0.097,P＞0.05).结论 RVOT来源室性期前收缩经射频消融治疗后,RVOT直径有减小的趋势,其与室性期前收缩负荷呈正相关,与室性期前收缩形态无相关性.     

内镜及脑室外引流在侧脑室肿瘤显微手术中的临床应用

目的探讨内镜及脑室外引流术(EVD)在侧脑室肿瘤显微手术中的临床应用价值。方法选择1997年6月至2014年3月我院收入的69例侧脑室肿瘤患者,随机分为A组(29例,采用显微外科手术,采用或不采用EVD)和B组(40例,采用内镜+显微外科手术);B组随机分为B1组(22例,另术后应用EVD)和B2组(18例,术后不应用EVD)。分析A、B两组瘤体切除情况和术后3个月格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)评定情况;分析B1、B2两组术后并发症发生率。结果 A、B两组瘤体组织切除满意率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患者3个月后恢复满意率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);B1组与B2组并发症发生情况比较,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论内镜+显微手术治疗侧脑室肿瘤能较大程度地切除瘤体组织,显著提高患者生存质量,且术后放置脑室引流管能降低术后并发症的发生率。