永久性听力损失

文章对永久性听力损失的发病机制、分型和治疗等进行介绍.     

Temporary and Permanent Hearing Loss

Long-term exposure to the dust of fiber glass used for insulation causes no demonstrable gross or microscopic pulmonary damage. This conclusion is based on the results of a postmortem study of the lungs of 20 fiber glass workers, who had had exposures to the dust of fibrous glass which ranged from slight to severe and for periods which ranged from 16 to 32 years, and a comparison of this study’s results with those obtained in a similar study of the lungs of 26 urban dwellers of both sexes, who presumably had not been exposed occupationally to fibrous glass dust, which showed that the average total amount of dust, the average total number of fibers per gram of dry lung, and the average dimensions of the fibers found in the lungs were not significantly different.     

儿童听力障碍的早期干预

目的:探讨听力障碍婴幼儿语言、言语早期干预的效果及早期干预的临床模式.方法:将56例10月龄～2岁听力障碍婴幼儿分为干预组与未干预组,采用Gesell发育量表对各组儿童进行语言认知评估,比较干预组、未干预组和正常儿童语言、言语认知发育水平.结果:干预组患儿与正常儿童语言能力无统计学差异,未干预组与正常儿童语言能力差异有统计学意义.结论:早期干预能显著改善听力障碍患儿的语言、言语水平.     

噪声性听力损失易感基因研究现况

噪声性听力损失是危害劳动者健康的重要职业性疾患.研究表明个体对噪声的易感性不同,人们对与其有关的基因改变进行了大量研究,本文总结了噪声性听力损失易感基因的现有研究情况,并对其研究方法也进行了综述.     

噪声性听力损失易感基因的研究进展

噪声性听力损失是现阶段全球最主要的职业性损伤之一.以往的研究显示,噪声的易感性存在个体差异,本文综述报道目前国内外关于基因多态性与噪声性听力损失之间关系的现有研究状况.     

A Survey of Hearing Loss in Army Aircrew

Military aircrew are exposed to excessive noise at work, withthe concurrent risks of acquiring Noise Induced Hearing Loss(NIHL). Past studies have related aircrew NIHL to a varietyof factors; however, no clear causal relationship has been shown.The difficulty of establishing NIHL due to flying remains whenmany other confounders are present, especially age and exposureto firearms noise in the military environment. A cross sectionalprevalence study of hearing loss in Army Air Corps aircrew hasbeen undertaken. One hundred and twenty one aircrew who hadmore than ten years flying experience were studied and the resultsshow that there appears to be a threshold shift in excess ofthat expected from the ISO levels for otologically normal malesof the same age. The hearing threshold shift was found to correlatewith the number of years flying and aircrew age, with the numberof flying hours being less significant. Received       28 June 1995 Accepted       12 September 1995     

低频噪声致听力损伤职业病鉴定一例

职业性噪声聋是人们在工作过程中，由于长期接触噪声而导致的一种进行性的感音性听觉损伤。噪声引起的永久性听阈位移早期常表现为高频听力下降，随着病损程度加重，逐步影响到语言频段听力。工业噪声一般为混合型噪声或高频噪声，单纯接触低频噪声较少。本文报道接触高强度低频噪声致听力下降职业病鉴定一例。     

火力发电厂噪声作业人员听力损伤状况分析

目的探讨火力发电厂噪声对作业工人听力的影响。方法对某火力发电厂509名噪声作业人员进行横断面调查,并将听力损失与工龄、工种、年龄进行统计学分析。结果509名噪声作业人员中噪声性听力损伤8人,轻、中度听力损伤及噪声聋12人,检出率为3．9％。不同工龄组间（X2=7．7,P〈0．05）,不同工种之间（X2=6．17,P〈0．05）听力损失有统计学意义,女性工作人员176名未检出听力损伤。结论火力发电厂噪声致噪声性听力损伤与其工种及工龄有关,与性别无关。     

累积噪声暴露量与噪声性听力损失关系的探讨

目的 进一步探讨累积噪声暴露量(CNE)与噪声性听力损失之间的关系.方法 采用横断面调查方法,以深圳市7家企业噪声作业工龄1年以上的512名工人作为研究对象,进行职业卫生学调查及听力测定.结果 听力损失发生率81.25%,CNE与听力损失发生率存在暴露量一反应关系,听力损失发生率^=0.205+4.780 CNE;通过对听力损失多个相关因素的Logistic回归分析,CNE、噪声强度与听力损失发生具有相关性(P<0.05),而CNE的相关性最强(P<0.001,r=1.148),年龄、性别、工龄与听力损失无相关性(P>0.05).结论 CNE与听力损失发生率存在暴露量-反应关系,在噪声危害评价中具有很好的科学性.