原发性胆汁性肝硬化114例

目的:总结原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primary bili-ary cirrhosis,PBC)的特征,探讨血清抗线粒体抗体(antimitochondrial antibody,AMA)及分型对疾病的诊断意义及病情评价的临床意义.方法:对114例PBC患者的临床表现、血清生化指标、血清抗体及病理学特征等进行回顾性的分析.通过在M2抗体阳性者中,根据M4及M9是否阳性进行分组,即分为单纯M2阳性者、M2-M9阳性者、M2-M4阳性者及M2-M4-M9阳性者4组,并比较各组间的血清学指标及其并发症.结果:PBC临床表现主要为乏力、黄疸、皮肤瘙痒等;生化学主要以碱性磷酸酶(alkalinity phosphatase,ALP)、-谷氨酰转肽酶(-glutamyl transpeptadase,GGT)升高为主,伴有谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(automatic spanning tree,AST)及总胆红素(totalbilirubin,TBIL)不同程度升高;血清免疫球蛋白以IgM升高为主;血清抗体中AMA及M2型抗体对该病的诊断具有较高的特异性及敏感性.通过分组比较发现M2-M4阳性者ALP及IgM高于单纯M2阳性者,P值分别为0.010、0.014,M2-M4-M9阳性者AST、TBIL及IgG高于M2-M9阳性者,P值分别为0.039、0.016、0.039;M2-M4-M9阳性者TBIL明显高于单纯M2阳性者,P=0.023,单纯M2阳性者IgG高于M2-M9阳性者,P=0.031,上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).故血清M4、M9抗体对该病的病情判断具有一定的临床意义.结论:掌握PBC的特征,做到早诊断早干预,不仅延缓病程的进展,还能改善预后.     

32例原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床分析

目的分析原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）患者的临床特征。方法对32例PBC患者的一般资料、病程、临床表现、血生化学和免疫学指标及病理学改变等进行回顾性分析。结果本组患者中女性30例,男性2例,确诊时年龄28～74岁（51．23±13．5岁）;初诊至确诊的时间平均为38．69月（15天～294月）;PBC患者最常见的症状是疲劳、倦怠及无黄疸性皮肤瘙痒。碱性磷酸酶和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶升高,90．6％患者抗线粒体抗体和／或抗线粒体M2亚型抗体阳性。结论PBC在中年女性多见,晚期患者肝脏损伤严重,预后较差。     

45例原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床特征

目的　分析原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者的临床特征 ,以指导对该病的诊断。方法　对 4 5例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者的一般资料、病程、临床表现、生物化学、免疫学及病理学等改变进行分析。结果　本组患者中女性 4 2例 ,确诊时的平均年龄为 (5 0 8± 8 1)岁 ,初诊至确诊的时间平均为 2年 (2个月～ 12年 )。临床症状以乏力最为多见 (6 6 7% ,30 / 4 5 ) ,其次为黄疸 (5 5 6 % ,2 5 / 4 5 )和皮肤瘙痒 (40 % ,18/ 4 5 ) ,9例患者 (2 0 % )无症状 ,9例患者 (2 0 % )合并其他自身免疫性疾病 [干燥综合征和(或 )类风湿关节炎 ]。所有患者血清碱性磷酸酶及γ 谷氨酰转肽酶水平明显升高 [分别为 (498 5±36 9 8)IU/L和 (5 95 2± 5 18 4 )IU/L],而血清ALT、AST水平仅轻中度升高 [分别为 (83 9± 5 8 8)IU/L和(10 0 8± 4 8 8)IU/L],5 5 6 % (2 5 / 4 5 )的患者血清总胆红素水平≥ 34 2 μmol/L ,88 9% (40 / 4 5 )患者血清IgM升高 ,95 6 %患者 (43/ 4 5 )线粒体抗体和 (或 )线粒体抗体M2亚型阳性。结论　在中国 ,原发性胆汁性肝硬化可能并非少见 ,主要累及中年女性 ,最常见的症状为乏力 ,部分早期患者可无症状 ,血清碱性磷酸酶及γ 谷氨酰转肽酶水平升高及抗线粒体抗体和 (或 )线粒体抗体M2亚型阳性有助于诊断     

19例男性原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者临床分析

目的分析男性原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者的临床特征及预后。方法回顾性分析19例男性PBC患者的临床资料。结果本组患者平均年龄54±17岁,其中17例(89%)为中老年;确诊时无症状者为7例(36.7%),失代偿期肝硬化9例(47.4%);100%患者血GGT和ALP升高,78.9%ALT和AST轻中度升高;2例(10.5%)合并干燥综合征;13例(68.4%)患者AMA阳性,14例(73.7%)AMA-M2阳性。经熊去氧胆酸治疗,早期患者病情有不同程度的好转。结论男性PBC患者起病隐匿,特异性自身抗体检测阳性率略低,早期诊断困难较大。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者60例自身抗体检测分析

目的研究原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者自身抗体的类型。方法分析北京大学人民医院1995-01~2004-12收治的60例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者的自身抗体检测结果和临床资料。结果60例患者中抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阳性者45例(75%),抗核抗体(ANA)阳性者36例(60%),其中斑型ANA14例(23%),多核点ANA12例(20%),核膜型ANA10例(16%),着丝点型ANA6例(10%),均质型ANA1例(1·6%),抗SSA阳性者12例(20%),抗SSB阳性者6例(10%),抗RNP阳性者1例。对比AMA阴性者中多核点型ANA阳性者3例,核膜型ANA阳性者4例。7例PBC患者存在一种以上的ANA荧光模式。AMA阳性和阴性患者临床资料,两组患者的年龄、生化及免疫学指标差异无显著性意义。结论AMA阳性和阴性患者有相似的临床表现、生化和免疫学指标。除AMA外,PBC患者可出现多种自身抗体。多核点型和核膜型ANA的检测有助于AMA阴性PBC的诊断。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化50例临床分析

目的总结原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）患者的临床表现、血清学检查及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析50例确诊PBC病例的临床资料。结果50例患者中女49例，占98％，平均年龄52．62±9．28岁，9例（18％）无症状仅有肝功能轻度异常，8例（16％）呈急性起病，9例（18％）病情进展为失代偿期肝硬化。14％～18％合并类风湿性关节炎、干燥综合征。血清AKP（378．3±169、54U／L）、GGT（239、6±154、7U／L）、TBIL（86．68±84．48μmol／L）和IgM升高，全部患者AMA和AMA-M2阳性。熊去氧胆酸治疗对早期无症状或症状轻、黄疸低者疗效满意，31例（62％）患者病情有不同程度的好转，而对TBIL大于85μmol／L、Child-Pugh C级的患者（9例）治疗后疗效甚微。其中5例病情继续进展，终因慢性肝功能衰竭而死于并发症。结论加强对PBC的认识，对不明原因的长期肝功能异常的女性患者，尤其有胆汁淤积表现时，需常规检测AMA或AMA-M2，有助于对PBC的早期诊断和治疗。     

462例原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床特点分析

目的 总结原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者的临床特点、实验室检查和治疗转归.方法 分析462例PBC患者的临床资料,对其临床表现、实验室检查及治疗转归作一系统分析.结果 在462例PBC患者中,女性418例(90.5％),平均年龄为46.4±9.4岁;临床表现主要为乏力、口干、皮肤瘙痒、黄疸和右上腹痛,主要体征包括肝脾肿大、腹水,血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、y-谷胺酰转肽酶(GGT)、胆红素和球蛋白升高,420例(90.9％)AMA及M2阳性;81％患者经过熊去氧胆酸治疗,3个月后ALP及总胆红素下降达50％以上者有374例(80.9％);激素及熊去氧胆酸对合并其他自身免疫性疾病患者有效,而布地奈德效果好,不良反应少;10例行肝移植患者均生存;6例患者在随访期间发生肝癌.结论 PBC在中年女性多发,以乏力、口干、皮肤瘙痒、黄疸和右上腹痛为主要临床表现,ALP和GGT升高为主,常伴有高球蛋白血症,AMA及M2亚型阳性是诊断PBC的主要指标,以UCDA为主的综合治疗能够改善患者的症状和部分肝功能异常指标,终末期患者采用肝移植治疗能获得较好的效果.     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化与干燥综合征四例分析

目的探讨原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)与干燥综合征(SS)的关系,提高临床医师对PBC的诊治水平。方法分析4例PBC或SS患者肝损害的临床病理表现、治疗和转归,并复习有关文献。结果3例PBC患者抗线粒体抗体M2阳性,生化检查及肝穿刺病理检查均提示胆汁淤积性肝损害,其中2例IgM升高。此3例均同时伴有口干燥症和眼干燥症,2例更符合2002年修订的干燥综合征国际分类标准,熊去氧胆酸治疗有效;而第4例单纯干燥综合征患者表现为非胆汁淤积性肝损害,以IgG升高为主,免疫抑制剂治疗有效。结论PBC肝损害以胆汁淤积为主,抗线粒体抗体M2阳性对PBC诊断有较高特异性,熊去氧胆酸为治疗首选;PBC常伴发SS,二者密切关联又有明显不同。     

22例原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床分析

目的 研究原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）的临床特点、实验室检查、治疗转归，提高对PBC的认识。方法 分析22例PBC的临床表现、实验室检查及治疗转归。结果 22例PBC中女性20例，发病平均年龄51岁，主要症状包括皮肤瘙痒、乏力、纳差、腹痛，主要体征包括黄疸、肝大、脾大、腹水，实验室检查以ALP、高GGT、高胆红素血症、高球蛋白血症、存在多种自身抗体如抗线粒体抗体（AMA）、AMA－M2及抗核抗体（ANA）等，多数患者血ALT、AST升高，所有患者血清AST高于ALT。出现症状至临床确诊时间为2月－5年，平均8个月。治疗采用以熊去氧胆酸（UCDA）为主的综合方法，治疗3个月后ALP及TBil下降达50％以上者有12例，72．7％症状改善，死亡2例。结论 PBC以中年女性多，以肝脾肿大、黄疸、瘙痒、乏力为主要临床表现，肝功能异常以胆汁淤积为主，伴有高球蛋白血症及自身抗体；UCDA能够改善患者的症状和部分肝功能异常。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化41例临床病例分析

目的 分析原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者的临床特征,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析41例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者患者的临床特征、生化指标和组织学特点以及熊去氧胆酸的治疗反应.结果 41例原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者中女性与男性之比为9:1,主要临床表现为皮肤瘙痒、乏力、纳差和黄疸,所有患者碱性磷酸酶(ALP)与γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)均明显升高.40例(97.6%)患者的抗线粒体抗体(AMA)及AMA-M2亚型抗体阳性.共有24例患者行肝穿刺病理检查,早期(Ⅰ、Ⅱ期)占83.3%,晚期(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)占16.7%.41例患者经过熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)治疗6月后,生化指标较治疗前均有明显改善.结论 PBC主要累及中年女性,其特征为碱性磷酸酶与γ-谷氨酰转肽酶升高和AMA及M2亚型阳性,熊去氧胆酸治疗能有效改善肝功能.     

Oral Zinc Treatment in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

ABSTRACT. Oral zinc treatment, which has been shown to increase copper excretion and to cause clinical improvement in Wilson's disease, was without detectable value in four patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.     

Abnormal Intestinal Permeability in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) found in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) cross-react with bacterial proteins and hence molecular mimicry has been proposed as a mechanism for AMA development. Alterations in gastrointestinal permeability would provide a potential route for increased exposure of gut flora to the immune system. In this study we aimed to compare the measured gastrointestinal permeability in patients with PBC to that in patients with liver disease (hepatitis C) and healthy control populations. Subjects drank a mixture of sucrose, lactulose, and mannitol dissolved in water. Eight-hour urinary excretion of the sugars was measured to assess intestinal permeability. Antiendomysial antibody testing was performed to exclude subclinical celiac disease. Eighty-six patients with PBC were evaluated and compared to 69 hepatitis C patients and 155 healthy controls. The mean urinary excretion of sucrose in the PBC patients (133.89 ± 72.56 mg) was significantly higher than that in hepatitis C patients (101.07±63.35) or healthy controls (89.46±41.76) (P=0.0001), suggesting abnormal gastric or proximal small intestinal permeability. Sucrose excretion was not increased among patients with hepatitis C compared to healthy controls. The ratio of lactulose:mannitol excretion, reflecting small bowel permeability, was also elevated in the PBC group (0.017±0.012) compared to healthy controls (0.012±0.007) (P=0.0001) but was equal to that found among patients with hepatitis C (0.016±0.011) (P=NS). We conclude that the permeability of both the stomach and the small bowel is increased in patients with PBC, however, it is unclear if it is a cause, consequence, or manifestation of the disease.     

Fluoxetine for the Treatment of Fatigue in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Fatigue is a common symptom in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In animal models of cholestasis, abnormalities in serotonin neurotransmission are observed with fatigue. The role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in fatigue-related PBC, however, is unknown. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study design was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of fluoxetine for the treatment of fatigue in PBC. Patients were randomized to fluoxetine, 20 mg daily, or matched placebo for 8 weeks’ duration. Fatigue was assessed by the Fisk Fatigue Impact Scale (FFIS). The primary study endpoint was a ≥50% reduction in overall FFIS score at the end of treatment. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was assessed as a secondary endpoint. Among 220 consecutively screened patients, only 18 (9%) eligible individuals were randomized to fluoxetine (n=10) or placebo (n=8) for 8 weeks. Baseline variables including median FFIS scores (52 vs 42; P=0.21) were similar between treatment arms (P > 0.05). After 8 weeks of therapy, no statistically significant change in median FFIS score was observed in the fluoxetine group. Median FFIS score in the placebo group was reduced (42 to 28), but not statistically significant. No difference in HRQL was observed between treatment arms after 8 weeks. Fourteen (78%) patients completed therapy, while four (22%) individuals withdrew from the trial. Three of the four patients had drug-related adverse events with fluoxetine. In this study, fluoxetine did not improve fatigue in PBC and was associated with adverse events.     

Laparoscopic Follow-up of Asymptomatic Primary Biliary Cirrhosis with Negative Anti-mitochondrial Antibody

Abstract: The case of a 59 year-old female with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis with negative anti-mitochondrial antibody is presented. According to the results of the first laparoscopy and liver biopsy, reddish patch was observed but chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis could not histologically be confirmed. A follow-up laparoscopy with liver biopsy conducted 39 months after the first laparoscopy revealed progress in the laparoscopic findings, i. e. a focal appearance of mesh-like white marking and undulation, when chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis was histologically demonstrated. Following the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, ursodeoxycholic acid treatment was begun, and the patient's serum levels of transaminases and biliary tract enzymes showed a rapid improvement. The importance of a laparoscopy with liver biopsy for the diagnosis of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis in a case with negative anti-mitochondrial antibody is emphasized, and the follow-up of such a case discussed.     

Multiple Myeloma in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A patient who had primary biliary cirrhosis and, simultaneously, multiple myeloma (IgG, lambda) is reported. In chronic liver diseases, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia is common, monoclonal gammopathies have also been found in rare instances, being attributed to chronic antigenic stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system by antigens from the intestinal flora. The mechanisms (as chronic antigenic stimulation, immunologic disturbances and granulomata formation) which apply to explain the development of monoclonal gammopathies in other conditions are also found in primary biliary cirrhosis. It is postulated that, in this disease, the development of multiple myeloma could be not merely coincidental but also the result of chronic stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system.     

110例原发性胆汁性肝硬化的治疗研究

目的:探讨原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的有效治疗方案.方法:110例PBC患者分为熊去氧胆酸(UD-CA)治疗组,UDCA加泼尼松治疗组,UDCA加复方茵陈注射液治疗组,UDCA加思美泰治疗组及UDCA加思美泰及中药联合治疗组,治疗前及治疗满2周、4周时测定血清总胆红素(TBil)水平,采用配对设计t检验方法进行统计学分析.结果:疗程满4周后,各治疗组血清TBil均有显著统计学意义下降,UDCA与其他药物联合治疗各组均较单独应用UDCA治疗组TBil下降速度快,幅度大.其中UDCA与中药及思美泰联合组治疗2周后TBil均较前明显下降(P＜0.01和P＜0.05);UDCA与强的松组治疗后TBil亦呈持续下降趋势,但随治疗时间延长,使用激素的副作用发生率增加.结论:UDCA与思美泰、中药联合应用是治疗PBC的较好方法.