CT and MRI findings in paraoesophageal omental herniation

CT and MRI findings in a patient with retrocardiac paraoesophageal omental herniation are presented and the literature reviewed. Characteristic CT features included a bilobed, retrocardiac fatty mass, with branching blood vessels throughout, a midline septum and extension through the diaphragm. MRI confirmed the fatty nature of the bilobed, intrathoracic mass and clearly defined pedicles of fat, from each lobe, extending into the abdomen through the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.     

Post-traumatic omental herniation into pleural space: radiologic features

A 43-year-old male with history of trauma was admitted to our clinic for the further evaluation of a blunted left costophrenic angle on chest roentgenograms. Computed tomographic (CT) scans demonstrated a crescent, fat-dense, extra-pleural mass on the left lateral hemi-thorax. Vertical funicular densities consistent with blood vessels were identified in this extra-pleural lesion on enhanced CT scans. T1-weighted axial and coronal magnetic resonance images (MRI) disclosed that the omentum ran continuously from the abdominal cavity into thoracic cavity a long left lateral hemi-thorax through a defect in the diaphragm. Surgical exploration revealed the laceration of left diaphragm and left parietal pleura. The omentum was herniated into the left pleural space through small diaphragmatic defect. We report X-ray, CT and MRI features of post-traumatic omental herniation into the pleural space that, to our knowledge it has not yet been reported so far.     

单纯食管裂孔网膜疝

目的：探讨单纯食管裂孔网膜疝（simple esophageal hiatus omental hernia ,SEHOH）的MSCT影像特点。方法回顾性分析7例手术证实的SEHOH ,均作了MSCT平扫及增强检查,获取亚毫米数据作MPR及MIP。结果横断位7例均显示食管裂孔（EH）膈上大小不等纯脂肪血管囊,其中呈椭圆形和类圆形各3例,分叶形1例,多位于食管右前方;矢状位表现为心后区铸型脂肪密度影,形态由正中矢状位的半月形或三角形逐渐过渡到旁中央矢状位的三角形或半圆形;冠状位呈椭圆形3例、倒梨形2例和分叶状2例。脂肪血管囊下部呈“狭颈样”与腹腔网膜脂肪连续,上极被撑开的膈食管膜与食管相连成角状。MIP均显示胃左动脉（GLA）主干僵直,食管支附近呈对称“∩”形穿越EH。贲门均位于膈下。结论心后纯脂肪血管囊膨胀性和可塑性形态,紧贴食管并与腹腔网膜相连;GLA主干僵直,食管支附近呈对称“∩”形并穿越EH是SEHOH特征性影像表现,对诊断具有重要意义。     

伴有脊柱后突的不可复性食管裂孔疝--胸部平片与CT、MRI对照观察

目的 加深对伴有脊柱后突的不可复性食管裂孔疝影像表现的认识,并探讨此类食管裂孔疝形成的机制。材料与方法 对照分析８例经钡餐造影确诊的伴有脊柱后突的不可复性食管裂孔疝的胸片与ＣＴ、ＭＲ影像表现。结果 ８例均为老年人,以女性居多,胸片与ＣＴ、ＭＲ影像表现均见疝囊在心脏之后呈肿块状,内含气体或气－液面,并有食管裂孔增宽、膈肌后份变平、后肋膈角变浅、贲门位于膈上而食管不短;均见脊柱胸腰段后突,该水平胸廓前     

MR of omental myelosynangiosis.

PURPOSETo describe MR findings in patients who have undergone omental transposition (omental myelosynangiosis) for spinal cord revascularization.METHODSSpin-echo MR images, without and with intravenous gadolinium, were obtained before and after surgery in three patients using a quadrature spine coil. Three-dimensional time-of-flight spinal MR angiography was also performed.RESULTSOn routine MR, the transposed omentum is an irregular, lobulated fat-equivalent mass, containing serpiginous areas of flow void, which extends through the laminectomy site to lie directly adjacent to the cord surface. MR angiography demonstrated small omental vessels, some coursing to the omentum-cord interface; however, no definite extension into the cord was detected. In all patients, there was alteration in cord size and contour after transposition, but no change in cord signal. Clinical improvement was observed in one of the three patients. The signal characteristics of the transposed omentum changed, showing less homogeneity and a gradual loss of the signal over a period of 4 months.CONCLUSIONSMR delineates transposed omentum and associated postoperative changes in omental myelosynangiosis. MR angiography is useful as an adjunct to demonstrate the small vessels near the omentum-cord interface, but lacks sufficient resolution to demonstrate neoangiogenesis within the cord.     

Pancreatic herniation through the gastroesophageal hiatus: magnetic resonance imaging,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,and computed tomography evaluation

A rare case of pancreatic herniation through the gastroesophageal hiatus is presented, including magnetic resonance evaluation with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance angiography images unique to the published literature.     

Comparison of magnetic resonance angiography and conventional angiography in sickle cell disease: clinical significance and reliability

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and conventional angiograms of 21 patients with known sickle cell disease, who underwent a total of 50 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) studies. MRA and conventional angiography were assessed separately for evidence of stenosis or occlusion. Follow up MRI/MRA studies were also assessed for evidence of progression, regression or stability of the disease in these patients. In the carotid circulation, MRA made the correct diagnosis in 85% of the vessels evaluated with a sensitivity of 80.5% and a specificity of 94%. MRA was also found to show evidence of disease progression, more often than did MRI or the clinical condition of the patients.     

单纯腹腔网膜脂肪突入食管裂孔上消化道造影表现

目的：探讨单纯腹腔网膜脂肪(PAOF)突入食管裂孔(EH)的上消化道造影(GI)表现。方法收集7例 GI和 MSCT检查发现PAOF突入 EH 患者影像资料,分析 GI表现并与 MSCT对照。结果4例食管下段周围伴较大软组织影,密度浅淡,黏膜相显示食管下段2~4 cm黏膜粗乱,其中1例食管与软组织上缘交界处黏膜线被牵拉吊起;充盈相显示管腔轻度狭窄,管壁软,病变上界可见。3例 His角圆钝,其中1例显示 His角随体位变化。4例 MSCT显示食管下段右旁较大囊状脂肪密度影。3例 GI表现基本正常,其中1例食管膈壶腹持久,MSCT显示食管下段右旁较小囊状脂肪密度影。7例 MSCT多平面重建(MPR)均显示囊状脂肪密度影下部与腹腔脂肪相连,胃左动脉弓状指向或突入 EH。结论食管下段伴较大而密度浅淡软组织影、黏膜和管腔改变轻、病变上缘有分界及 His角圆钝可变为PAOF突入 EH 的 GI特殊表现。     

Dedicated CT scanner in an emergency department: quantification of factors that contribute to lack of use

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the different types of postoperative herniation of the wrap into the thorax after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, to propose a clear radiologic definition, and to establish their respective frequencies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty-six consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication were studied prospectively. All patients underwent an upper gastrointestinal series before surgery and on the first postoperative day. Radiologic follow-up performed yearly after surgery in 148 patients (65%) consisted of a double-contrast upper gastrointestinal series. Intrathoracic migration of the wrap was diagnosed on radiography when the intact fundoplication wrap herniated partially or entirely through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. The kappa statistic was used to assess interobserver agreement. RESULTS: Of the 148 upper gastrointestinal series, 44 intrathoracic migrations (30%) were diagnosed. These examinations were reviewed and allowed us to differentiate two types of migrations. Type I (31 patients) consists of a paraesophageal hernia of a portion of the wrap through the esophageal hiatus with the esogastric junction remaining below the diaphragm. Type II (13 patients) is diagnosed when the entire fundoplication herniates through the hiatus with the gastroesophageal junction located at or above the level of the diaphragm. CONCLUSION: Intrathoracic migration is an important complication of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Most migrations are small and asymptomatic. We propose a simple and reproducible radiologic definition of two different types of intrathoracic migration of the wrap observed after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.     

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the portal vein

Anomalous pulmonary venous return represents a rare congenital anomaly with wide anatomic and physiologic variability. We report a case of a newborn with a rare form of total infracardiac anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). The pulmonary veins draining both lungs formed two vertical veins, which joined to a common pulmonary trunk below the diaphragm. This venous channel connected to the portal vein through the esophageal hiatus. The diagnosis was suggested by color Doppler sonography and confirmed by intravenous digital subtraction angiography, which allowed definition of the anatomy.     

Contribution of MRI and MR angiography in early diagnosis of brain death

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the findings of MR imaging and MR angiography could accurately and early diagnose brain death in comatose patients. Thirty comatose patients were studied with MRI and MR arteriography. In 20 patients (group A) presenting with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) 3–6, the final clinical diagnosis was brain death. In ten comatose patients with a GCS 4–6 and no clinical signs of brain death (group B), the clinical follow-up did not reveal brain death in a period of 12 months. The MRI examination consisted of turbo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and T2 turbo spin-echo pulse sequences. The MR arteriography was performed with a 3D inflow pulse sequence. In 12 patients with brain death and 5 patients with no signs of brain death, a 3D phase contrast MR venography was also applied. Magnetic resonance imaging in all patients showed variable edema with swelling of the cerebral gyri, small ventricular system, and basilar subarachnoid spaces. In group A, MRI in addition showed tonsillar herniation. In group A, MR arteriography revealed no arterial flow in the intracranial circulation, whereas MR venography showed in 9 patients no opacification of the sagittal and straight sinuses or visualization of intracranial veins. In contrast, MR angiography showed intact intracranial vessels in patients of group B. In conclusion, MR imaging and MR angiography may be reliable ancillary tests for use in early diagnosis of brain death and further work is required to validate its utility. Electronic Publication     

三维动态增强磁共振血管造影诊断肺隔离症的价值

目的：评估三维动态增强磁共振血管造影（3D DCE MRA）对显示肺隔离症异常血管的价值。方法：5例肺隔离症患者作了胸部正侧芯片，CT和MRI检查后，均行胸部和上腹部3D DCE MRA检查，并进行最大信号强度投影（MIP）和多平面重建（MPR）。结果：5例肺隔离症均为肺叶内型，位于左肺下叶。胸片表现隔离的肺组织均位于左下叶，呈圆形或椭圆形，密度较均匀的团块影。CT示降主动脉后方软组织密度肿块，2例肿块周围伴有肺气肿。增强CT显示2例供血动脉。平扫MRI示隔离肺组织在T1WI和T2WI较正常肺组织信号高的软组织块影，并显示3例供血动脉，但未能显示其作貌，行程，分支及引流静脉。另2例异常供血动脉未能显示，而3D工DCE MRA均显示了其异常供血动脉和引流静脉，并清楚显示了其分支和行程，与术中所见完全一致。结论：3D DCE MRA较能较好地显示肺隔离症的异常供血动脉和引流静脉，有利于确诊此病和制订手术治疗方案。     

Computed tomography of intrathoracic omental herniation and other mediastinal fatty masses

Computed tomography (CT) is a useful modality in assessing fatty masses in the mediastinum. A case is presented in which a large mediastinal mass was shown by CT scan to be periesophageal, composed entirely of fat; surgery demonstrated omental herniation without visceral herniation.     

Diagnosis and staging of gallbladder carcinoma. Evaluation with dynamic MR imaging

The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and staging of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Images of dynamic MRI of hepatobiliary system combined with MR cholangiography (MRC) of 18 patients with pathologically proved gallbladder cancer were correlated with pathological and operative findings. Focal or diffuse wall thickening was present in 10 patients. In five patients, the tumor appeared as a fungating or intramural mass. A tumor replacing the gallbladder was found in two patients and a small cancer in cystic duct in one patient. The tumor featured early and irregular enhancement, which persisted throughout the dynamic study. Metastatic nodes were found by surgicopathology in 13 patients and were depicted by the dynamic MRI in 11 patients. Local invasion to liver was found by surgery in 12 patients and correctly detected by MRI in 11 patients. MRI detected duodenum invasion in three out of six patients and none of the three cases with omental metastasis. In conclusion, dynamic MRI is useful and reliable in staging of advanced gallbladder cancer. MRI combined with MRC is sensitive in detection of obstructive jaundice, liver invasion as well as liver and lymph nodes metastasis. It is more difficult to delineate the invasion to duodenum and omental metastasis by MRI.     

儿童鼻腔及鼻咽脑膨出的影像学诊断与鉴别诊断

目的：提出儿童鼻腔及鼻咽脑膨出的特征性临床及影像学表现，以提高诊断正确率。方法：搜集并分析近年4例表现鼻腔或鼻咽肿块的儿童先天性脑膨出的临床及影像学资料，总结其具有特征性临床及影像学表现。结果：额筛脑膨出3例，患侧流清涕及鼻塞、鼻腔肿块是其重要的临床表现，影像学表现为筛板部分缺如，颅内容物通过该骨缺损向鼻腔延伸。经蝶窦脑膜脑膨出1例，垂体下丘脑功能紊乱及鼻咽部后鼻孔肿块是其重要临床表现．影像学表现蝶骨部分缺如，颅内容物通过该缺损向鼻咽部延伸。结论：表现为鼻腔和鼻咽部肿块的脑膨出临床及影像学表现具有特征性，MRI在显示疝囊内容物与颅内结构的关系优于CT。     

Synovial hemangioma: imaging features in eight histologically proven cases,review of the literature,and differential diagnosis

Objective This study was undertaken to describe the imaging characteristics of synovial hemangioma, with the goal of improving the disappointing rate (22%) of clinical diagnosis of this condition. A review of the literature and the differential diagnosis of intra-articular lesions, including synovial osteochondromatosis and pigmented villonodular synovitis, are also presented.Patients The subjects of the study were 8 patients (4 males, 4 females; age range: 5–47 years; mean age: 19 years) with histologically confirmed synovial hemangioma involving the knee (n=7) or wrist (n=1). We retrospectively examined the imaging studies performed in these patients, including plain radiography (n=8), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=4), angiography (n=3), arthrography (n=2), and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT; n=2).Results Plain radiographs showed a soft tissue density suggesting either joint effusion or a mass in all patients. Phleboliths and bone erosions on plain films in four patients with extra-articular soft tissue involvement pointed to the correct diagnosis. Angiography, showing fine-caliber, smooth-walled vessels, contrast pooling in dilated vascular spaces, and early visualization of venous structures, was diagnostic in two patients. Neither arthrography nor CT yielded specific enough findings. MRI was consistently effective in allowing the correct diagnosis to be made preoperatively, showing an intra-articular or juxta-articular mass of intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and of high signal intensity on T2or T2^*-weighted images with low-signal channels or septa within it. A fluid-fluid level was found in two patients with a cavernous-type lesion.Conclusion Despite the limited nature of this study, it shows clearly that MRI is the procedure of choice whenever an intra-articular vascular lesion such as synovial hemangioma is suspected. Nonetheless, phleboliths and evidence of extra-articular extension on plain radiographs point to angiography as an effective procedure of first resort because it can be combined with embolotherapy.     

Stellenwert von Myelographie, Myelo-CT und MRT in der Diagnostik der zervikalen Radikulo- und Myelopathie

PURPOSE: This article gives an overview of the diagnostic possibilities available in the diagnosis of cervical myelo- and radiculopathy. We compared conventional myelography, CTM, and MRI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with clinical evidence of cervical myelo- or radiculopathy were included. Sagittal and transverse T1-weighted (T1w) TSE and T2-weighted (T2w) TSE sequences were compared with myelography and CTM. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon's -test. RESULTS: Disc herniation could be depicted in CTM as well as in MRI. The extent of herniation did not differ between CTM and T1w. The extent of herniation seemed higher on T2w than on T1w (p <0.001). Foraminal encroachment was easier to diagnose in CTM. When regarding transverse T1w and T2w images simultaneously, a missing root in MRI corresponded to a missing root in CTM and conventional myelography and vice versa. Our data demonstrated the relative inability of MRI to determine whether the compression is by soft tissue or bony structures. CONCLUSION: The present study proposes that MRI, when available, should be the imaging method of first choice in patients with suspected radiculo- and myelopathy.     

椎管内硬膜外血管脂肪瘤的MRI表现

目的探讨MRI对椎管内硬膜外血管脂肪瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的7例椎管内硬膜外血管脂肪瘤的MRI表现，并进行MR分型。结果7例均位于胸段椎管，其中上胸段2例，中胸段2例，下胸段3例。肿块位于硬膜外，呈梭形，长轴与脊柱纵轴平行，肿瘤的MR信号由脂肪和血管2部分构成，血管成分在T1WI呈低信号，T2WI为高信号，可明显强化，未见血管流空影。全部病例依MRI表现分3型：Ⅰ型2例，特点是血管成分稀少，呈细条状、斑点状夹杂于脂肪组织间；Ⅱ型3例，特点是血管成分呈团块状，占据瘤体的中央；Ⅲ型2例，肿瘤沿一侧或双侧椎间孔向椎管外生长，形成哑铃状外观。结论MRI是诊断此病的最佳方法，并具有相对特征性表现。MRI分型对该病的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定实用价值。     

Lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum: Diagnosis with fat suppressed MR imaging

We present a case of a 50-year-old female evaluated for a 1-year history of numbness of the first and second toe of the right foot. Echocardiography performed in order to exclude cardiovascular compromise revealed a granular mass originating from the posterior part of the interatrial septum. On subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with fat suppression sequences, the final diagnosis of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum, a benign and under-recognized condition characterized by septal accumulation of fatty tissue, was made. Although no previous reports have focused on this, tailored cardiac MR with fat suppression sequences proved to be an excellent noninvasive method in assessing an accurate diagnosis and in differentiating lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum from other cardiac neoplasms.     

长巨脑动脉的影像诊断

目的探讨长巨脑动脉的影像特征.材料与方法对13例患者的MRI表现、DSA或MRA显示的异常血管分布和形态进行分析.结果MRI能够显示位于桥前池、鞍上池等处粗大的血管流空信号、病变压迫的确切部位(颅神经、脑干、颞叶内侧)、脑缺血灶以及伴随的脑动静脉畸形.无以往的出血表现.血管造影显示延长、增宽和扭曲的脑血管,8例发生在椎-基底动脉,2例发生在颈动脉,3例两系统同时受累.有1例伴有一侧颈动脉闭塞,另2例分别伴发脑动静脉畸形和多发脑动脉瘤.结论MRI和血管造影技术相结合,有助于对该病进行全面评价.