The role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in detecting marrow involvement by nonhematologic malignancies.

A review of the records of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center identified 291 adult patients with nonhematologic malignancies who had undergone simultaneous bone marrow aspiration and biopsy from the same anatomic site. In 236 cases both samples were negative for tumor whereas in 39 both were positive. The biopsy was positive in three patients with a negative aspirate whereas in three others to aspirate was positive with a negative biopsy. The higher rate of tumor detection on aspirate in comparison with previous reports may be due to a thorough initial screening provided by technologists. Both aspiration and biopsy appear to be indicated for full evaluation of bone marrow in cancer patients.     

骨髓穿刺涂片与骨髓活检切片同步分析对诊断骨髓增生异常综合征的临床意义

目的:探讨骨髓穿刺涂片与骨髓活检切片同步观察对诊断骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的临床意义.方法:50例MDS病人采用骨髓抽吸、活检双标本一步法取材,同步观察其涂片和切片.结果:活检切片对骨髓增生程度的判断优于穿刺涂片.粒系、巨核系病态造血的检出率,活检切片高于穿刺涂片;红系病态造血的检出率,穿刺涂片高于活检切片.网状纤维增生的观察,活检切片优于穿刺涂片.结论:活检切片和穿刺涂片同步分析比常规穿刺涂片形态学观察更有利于提高MDS诊断的准确性.     

The value of bone marrow biopsy in breast cancer at time of diagnosis. A prospective study

Bone marrow biopsies (BMB) were performed in 173 consecutive unselected breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis to define the value of this diagnostic tool in the initial staging of mammary carcinoma. In a group of 160 patients with a negative standard staging work-up, BMB was positive in two (1%). Both of them had negative x-ray but bone scan was positive in one and doubtful in the other. Bone marrow biopsy was positive in 31% of 13 additional patients with metastatic disease and in 44% of the nine among them with radiologically involved skeleton. These results exclude that BMB is able to discover micrometastatic foci of neoplastic disease. Its positivity appears strictly correlated with that of bone x-ray and scan. Based on the results of this prospective study, BMB is not required when both bone survey and scan are negative, but could be useful in clarifying diagnostic doubts of skeletal involvement.     

Systematic review of the clinical effect of glucocorticoids on nonhematologic malignancy

Background  

Glucocorticoids are often used in the treatment of nonhematologic malignancy. This review summarizes the clinical evidence of the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on nonhematologic malignancy.     

骨髓活检在诊断及鉴别诊断真性红细胞增多症中的价值

目的:探讨骨髓活检在真性红细胞增多症(PV)诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:同步观察真性红细胞增多症37例患者骨髓涂片和活检切片.并与继发性红细胞增多症20例患者作比较,以正常人20例作对照.观察骨髓增生程度、增生优势细胞系、网硬蛋白积分.结果:PV组患者骨髓造血组织在切片中的增生度明显高于涂片,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与继发性红细胞增多症及正常对照组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05).PV组切片中增生优势细胞系分为累及三系的增生,累及二系(红系和粒系、红系和巨核系)的增生,仅累及红系单系的增生;继发性红细胞增多症组仅显示红系相对增生.PV组网硬蛋白纤维积分为1+及以上占83.8%,继发性红细胞增多症组及正常对照组均未见1+或l+以上,分别比较差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05).结论:骨髓活检能准确反应骨髓组织的增生程度、增生优势细胞系、纤维增生程度,对PV的诊断及鉴别诊断有较高价值.     

骨髓活检在诊断及鉴别诊断真性红细胞增多症中的价值

目的：探讨骨髓活检在真性红细胞增多症（PV）诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值.方法：同步观察真性红细胞增多症37例患者骨髓涂片和活检切片.并与继发性红细胞增多症20例患者作比较,以正常人20例作对照.观察骨髓增生程度、增生优势细胞系、网硬蛋白积分.结果：PV组患者骨髓造血组织在切片中的增生度明显高于涂片,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与继发性红细胞增多症及正常对照组比较差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.PV组切片中增生优势细胞系分为累及三系的增生,累及二系（红系和粒系、红系和巨核系）的增生,仅累及红系单系的增生;继发性红细胞增多症组仅显示红系相对增生.PV组网硬蛋白纤维积分为1＋及以上占83.8%,继发性红细胞增多症组及正常对照组均未见1＋或l＋以上,分别比较差异有统计学意义（均为P〈0.05）.结论：骨髓活检能准确反应骨髓组织的增生程度、增生优势细胞系、纤维增生程度,对PV的诊断及鉴别诊断有较高价值.     

骨髓涂片、骨髓活检对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤临床分期的价值

目的:探讨骨髓涂片、骨髓活检对弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)临床分期的价值.方法:对44例累及骨髓的病例回顾性分析骨髓涂片及骨髓活检切片,分别比较细胞学形态、组织形态、增生程度、纤维组织增生程度、检出率和敏感性.结果:骨髓涂片中可见中到大型的异型细胞骨髓,切片中瘤细胞以灶型最常见.按Manoharm改良法评估,骨髓切片中网状纤维含量有不同程度增多.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片增生程度的比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),切片组增生程度高于涂片组.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片检出率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),切片组检出率高于涂片组.骨髓涂片与骨髓切片敏感性的比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),切片组敏感性明显高于涂片组.结论:骨髓涂片简单易行,骨髓切片在骨髓组织状况、优势增生细胞等方面有优势,同时开展涂片和切片的检测,提高检出率,可以修正临床分期,如能同时进行流式细胞免疫表型分析,则更能提高检出率.     

骨髓活检在血液肿瘤疾病中的诊断价值

在诊断肿瘤性疾病时，病理学诊断是必不可少的“金标准”，但是骨髓活检并不等同于血液病理学检查，需结合骨髓涂片以及其他生化和免疫学等方法。尤其是近20年来，随着细胞与分子生物学技术被应用于诊断之中，对于骨髓活检在血液学肿瘤诊断中的价值更需综合考虑。尽管如此，骨髓活检在诊断血液系统疾病、动态观察疾病进展变化以及判断预后等方面，还是具有其他实验室检查所无法取代的价值。     

骨髓涂片联合骨髓活检诊断骨髓增生异常综合征86例

 目的　探讨骨髓穿刺涂片与骨髓活检切片同步观察对诊断骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）的临床意义。方法　对86例MDS患者采用骨髓抽吸-活检双标本一步法取材,同步观察其涂片和切片。结果　86例MDS患者骨髓穿刺涂片增生程度极度减低至减低30例（34.88 %）,活跃、明显活跃、极度活跃56例（65.12 %）,红系病态造血43例（50.00 %）,粒系病态造血32例（37.21 %）,巨核系病态造血22例（25.58 %）。骨髓活检切片的增生程度极度减低至减低15例（17.44 %）,活跃、明显活跃、极度活跃71例（82.56 %）;红系病态造血16例（18.61 %）,粒系病态造血52例（60.47 %）,巨核系病态造血56例（65.12 %）。86例中66例切片与涂片WHO分型诊断一致,符合率76.74 %。结论　骨髓涂片和活检在MDS的诊断和分型中各有优点,两者相互补充,二者同步观察更有利于提高MDS诊断和分型的准确性。     

唑来膦酸治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移44例临床观察

目的观察唑来膦酸注射液治疗转移性骨肿瘤的疗效及安全性。方法44例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者采用唑来膦酸(天晴依泰)注射液4mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液100ml静脉滴注15分钟以上;同时以35例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者使用帕米膦酸二钠(博宁)注射液60mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液500ml静脉滴注4小时以上作为对照。两组均一次性给药后观察14天。结果治疗骨痛有效率唑来膦酸组为81.08%,帕米膦酸二钠组为69.70%,两组疗效差异有显著性(P<0.05)。活动能力有效率唑来膦酸组为40.91%,帕米膦酸二钠组为45.71%,两组疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05)。不良反应发生率唑来膦酸组为45.45%,帕米膦酸二钠组为42.86%,差异无显著性(P>0.05),均主要表现为发热、低钙血症、肌肉酸痛,予对症处理后症状消失。结论唑来膦酸是一种有效的第三代双膦酸盐制剂,可方便安全地用于恶性肿瘤骨转移的治疗。     

骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查及流式细胞术在淋巴瘤骨髓侵犯诊断中的比较

目的 比较骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查和流式细胞术三种方法对淋巴瘤患者骨髓受累的检测情况,为临床检测骨髓受累提供选择.方法 收集68例恶性淋巴瘤初治患者,观察骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查和流式细胞术三种方法检测淋巴瘤患者骨髓受累的阳性率.结果 68例恶性淋巴瘤患者检测骨髓受累时,骨髓涂片、骨髓活组织检查和流式细胞术的阳性率分别为16.2％（11/68）、33.8％（23／68）和10.3 ％（7/68）,骨髓活组织检查阳性率高于涂片和流式细胞术检查,三种方法阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.对三种检测方法进行相关性分析,骨髓涂片与骨髓活组织检查存在相关性（P=0.002）,与流式细胞术没有相关性（P=0.270）.结论 骨髓涂片细胞形态学检查是检测淋巴瘤患者是否有骨髓受累的基础方法,骨髓活组织检查阳性率较高,有明显的优势,但需与骨髓涂片互为补充.     

淋巴瘤侵犯骨髓的骨髓活检病理学诊断研究进展

淋巴瘤侵犯骨髓(lymphomabonemarrowinvolvement,LBMI)主要靠骨髓活检确诊。霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin蒺slymphoma,HL)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin蒺slymphoma,NHL)侵犯骨髓各有其不同病理特点。骨髓中瘤细胞的形态特点、分布方式及免疫表型多数与髓外部位一致,少数又可存在差别。本文比较了各型HL、B-NHL、T-NHL的骨髓侵犯病理学特点,并从形态学、免疫组化及淋巴瘤基因重排检测三方面对LBMI的骨髓活检诊断研究进展进行了综述。     

骨髓涂片免疫组织化学与骨髓活组织检查诊断非霍奇金淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的比较

目的：比较骨髓涂片免疫组织化学和骨髓活组织检查在检测非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）骨髓受累中的优缺点。方法收集60例初治NHL患者,应用骨髓涂片免疫组织化学法和骨髓活组织检查检测是否骨髓受累,并将患者的年龄、临床分期、结外受累、B症状等临床因素与两种检测方法结果进行相关性分析。结果骨髓涂片免疫组织化学和骨髓活组织检查检测出的NHL骨髓受累阳性率分别为10.0%（6／60）、3.3%（2／60）（P＝0.008）;B细胞来源时,两者阳性率分别为6.6%（4／60）和3.3%（2／60）（P＝0.007）,T细胞来源时,阳性率分别为3.3%（2／60）、0（0／60）。经相关性分析,两种检测方法与患者性别、年龄、Karnofsky评分、B症状、结外累及、乳酸脱氢酶、血小板数、血红蛋白含量、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数、分期均无关（均P＞0.05）。结论骨髓涂片免疫组织化学法检测NHL骨髓受累的阳性率高于活组织检查,进一步分析B细胞或T细胞来源时,骨髓涂片免疫组织化学法仍有相对优势。     

The value of bone marrow biopsy in breast cancer at the time of first relapse. A prospective study

The value of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in advanced breast cancer at the time of first relapse was studied in a prospective manner. Bone marrow biopsy was performed in 142 consecutive unselected metastatic patients: 129 at the time of first recurrence, and 13 in patients with metastases at the time of first diagnosis. Overall, BMB was positive in 32 patients (23%). In the group with negative bone x-ray, it was positive in two patients of 84 (2%); both of them had doubtful scan. In the group with positive x-ray, BMB resulted positive in 30 of 58 (52%). There was a significant correlation between number of bone segments radiologically involved and BMB positivity rate, ranging from 15% in the patients with only one, to 68% in those with more than three sites involved (P = 0.02). Patients with x-ray evidence of metastases in the pelvis had significantly higher rate of BMB positivity (67% versus 32%; P = 0.02). The median survival time from the first relapse was 153 weeks in BMB-negative cases and 149 in positive ones. Considering only the patients with demonstration of bone invasion obtained with either or both x-ray and BMB, 34/62 patients had positive BMB (55%). In these cases BMB was found more often positive in patients 50 years or younger than in patients older than 50 years (80% versus 47%; P = 0.05); the median survival time was longer, but not significantly, in BMB-positive patients than in negative ones (149 weeks versus 119; P = 0.3). The authors conclude that BMB is not required in common restaging procedure when both bone survey and scan are negative. Bone marrow biopsy results are more often positive in younger patients and survival is not negatively affected by bone marrow invasion as diagnosed by BMB.     

骨髓坏死6例临床分析

目的:探讨骨髓坏死(BMN)的原发病、发病机理、临床特点及预后。方法:对6例骨髓坏死的临床资料进行分析。结果:6例BMN均以骨髓坏死为首要表现,以骨痛和发热为主要表现。1例原发病不明,其余5例均为恶性疾病,其中急性粒单核细胞白血病1例,急性淋巴细胞白血病2例,骨髓转移瘤2例。2例经积极治疗原发病取得一定疗效。结论:骨髓坏死是一种罕见的临床综合征,诊断难度大,预后差,应积极治疗原发病。     

骨髓坏死6例临床分析

目的：探讨骨髓坏死（BMN）的原发病、发病机理、临床特点及预后。方法：对6例骨髓坏死的临床资料进行分析。结果：6例BMN均以骨髓坏死为首要表现,以骨痛和发热为主要表现。1例原发病不明,其余5例均为恶性疾病,其中急性粒单核细胞白血病1例,急性淋巴细胞白血病2例,骨髓转移瘤2例。2例经积极治疗原发病取得一定疗效。结论：骨髓坏死是一种罕见的临床综合征,诊断难度大,预后差,应积极治疗原发病。     

骨髓活检在骨髓转移癌病理诊断中的价值

目的:探讨骨髓活检对转移癌的诊断价值.方法:应用塑料包埋骨髓活检制片技术对43例诊断为转移性癌的病例进行观察,同步对比骨髓涂片.结果: 活检中骨髓的增生程度明显高于涂片;涂片中23例增生减低,20例增生活跃.活检中3例增生减低,40例增生活跃.涂片中16例可见癌细胞,骨髓活检中29例可见癌巢.结论:骨髓活检结合涂片对转移癌有互补诊断价值.