220名城市重点中学初一学生行为问题调查与分析

调查省级重点中学初中一年级学生220人,就父母文化程度与子女学习成绩、独生子女和非独生子女、行为问题等作了初析,结果表明父母文化程度越高,成绩优秀的学生越多,独生子女在学习成绩和心理卫生方面均优于非独生子女,行为问题明显影响少年学生的学习成绩,应予重视和及时纠正。     

良性癫痫儿童行为问题及其家庭影响因素分析

依据 198 9年国际癫痫会议中有关癫痫分类[1] 确诊 137例良性癫痫儿童 ,其中中央回 -颞区棘波灶癫痫 86例 ,儿童枕叶癫痫 5 1例。男 85例 ,女 5 2例 ;年龄 9～ 12岁 ,平均 10 71岁 ;起病年龄 5～ 10岁 ,平均 7 5 3岁 ;病程 2年～6年 ,平均 4 0 1年 ;疗程 1 5年～ 6年 ,平均 3 79年。其中单服卡马西平者 49例 ,单服丙戊酸钠者 34例 ,合并用药39例 ,已停药者 15例。全组患儿现均在我市普通中小学就读。全组儿童均采用韦氏儿童智力量表进行智力测查 ,结果均为正常以上 ,排除因智力因素影响研究结果的可能性。全组儿童均未遭遇有可能影响其身心…     

广州市1010名儿童行为问题及其影响因素分析

目的:了解目前广州市儿童行为问题发生率及其影响因素,为进一步治疗提供线索和依据.方法:采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)中国标准化版本(家长用)对广州市区6-12岁共1010名在校中小学生的家长进行调查,并对调查结果进行二分类逻辑回归分析.结果:广州市儿童行为检出率为17.42%,其中男女儿童行为检出率无显著性差异.逐步逻辑回归分析结果显示母亲年龄、父亲职业、家庭月平均收入、父母与孩子相处时间对男性儿童行为问题的发生有显著影响.母亲年龄、6岁前生活环境变迁次数及母亲与孩子相处的时间显著影响女性儿童行为问题的发生.结论:儿童行为问题有增加的趋势,改善家庭环境是预防儿童行为问题的重要措施.     

10—16岁儿童少年行为问题的双生子研究

目的:调查遗传因素和环境因素对10-16岁儿童少年行为问题的影响程度,为儿童少年行为问题的防治提供依据.方法:采用多级随机抽样的方法选取64对双生子,使用Achenbach儿童行为量表评定行为问题,估算遗传因素及环境因素对儿童少年行为问题的影响程度.结果:10-16岁儿童少年总的行为问题的遗传度为0.33,共享环境的影响程度为0.57,非共享环境的影响程度为0.10.其中退缩行为、躯体主诉、注意缺陷及违纪行为的遗传度超过0.6,共享环境对焦虑/抑郁、社交问题及攻击行为的影响程度在0.41～0.64之间.结论:遗传因素和环境因素对儿童少年的行为问题均有影响,但环境因素影响程度更大,尤其是共享环境因素.     

武汉市儿童少年行为问题的检出率及相关因素

目的:调查武汉市4~16岁儿童少年行为问题的检出率及相关因素。方法:分层随机抽取武汉市16所学校(幼儿园、小学、初中和高中各4所)的2361名在校4~16岁儿童少年,完成Achenbach儿童行为量表(A chenbach's Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL)、儿童躯体虐待问卷和自编其他危险因素问卷,采用Log istic回归筛选行为问题的相关因素。结果:武汉市儿童少年行为问题的检出率为12.7%(95%C I:11.3~14.1),行为问题儿童少年的求医率为3.0%(95%C I:2.31~3.69)。儿童少年行为问题发生的危险因素[OR(95%C I)]依次为:寄养家庭[5.80(1.38~24.50)],同学关系不好[5.58(1.73~18.0)],独生子女[4.02(3.07~4.96)],近一年躯体虐待[3.60(2.96~4.23)],父母有人经常饮酒[2.23(1.64~3.02)],同学关系一般[2.08(1.59~2.73)],居住在城乡结合部[1.80(1.33~2.43)],非重点学校[1.49(1.13~1.96)],大家庭[1.43(1.05~1.94)]。结论:武汉市儿童少年行为问题检出率高;儿童少年行为问题的预防需要从家庭、父母、学校和减少对儿童少年的躯体虐待着手。     

长沙市4～18岁儿童少年的情绪与行为问题调查

目的:了解长沙市儿童少年的情绪与行为问题状况,为制定针对性干预措施提供依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样方法,对来自长沙市幼儿园、中小学的1657名儿童少年用长处和困难问卷(SDQ)(家长版)进行评定。结果:依据困难总分,儿童少年情绪与行为问题异常检出率13.5%。男生情绪问题异常检出率(9.3%)低于女生(13.8%)(P0.01),而男生品行问题(14.7%)、多动注意不能(17.4%)、同伴交往(32.8%)、困难总分(15.3%)及影响程度(8.7%),异常检出率均高于女生(11.0%、10.2%、27.7%、11.9%、5.3%)(P0.05);农村儿童少年的品行问题(15.7%)、同伴交往(35.2%)、亲社会行为(18.9%)、困难总分(15.4%)异常检出率均高于城市儿童少年(9.6%、24.8%、9.7%、11.5%)(P0.05);幼儿(18.2%)、小学生(19.8%)多动注意不能异常检出率高于中学生(9.0%)(P0.05),中学生同伴交往(34.2%)、亲社会行为(16.9%)异常检出率高于小学生(22.6%、10.3%)(P0.001)。结论:本研究提示,不同性别、地域、年龄儿童少年存在不同的情绪与行为问题,需分类干预。     

在校儿童少年行为问题调查分析

本文用Conners量表对1037名中小学生进行测查。分析表明9～11岁儿童的行为情绪问题检出率最高，按学习成绩把学生分为两级，低分级各因子分均高于高分组，有显著性差异。     

抽动秽语综合征儿童行为问题及家庭影响因素调查

目的:探讨抽动秽语综合征儿童行为问题及家庭影响因素.方法:对132例抽动秽语综合征儿童采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、家庭环境量表(Family Environment Scale,FES)及自拟家庭影响因素调查表进行测评分析.结果:抽动秽语综合征儿童存在行为问题(26.52%),较正常儿童(13.64%)高(P<0.01).主要家庭影响因素为情感表达、独立自主、娱乐活动及道德宗教,Logistic回归分析中Wald值依次为13.727、10.346、7.969、5.624(P均<0.01).结论:抽动秽语综合征儿童在接受药物治疗的同时,应保持良好的家庭环境,避免行为问题的发生,使其身心健康地发展.     

癫痫失神发作儿童行为问题及家庭影响因素的调查

为探讨癫痫失神发作儿童行为问题及家庭影响因素，作者对我院诊治的137例癫痫失神发作儿童进行了分析。现报告如下。     

大连市1200名儿童行为问题的调查研究

目的了解大连市儿童行为问题的发生情况及特点,探索儿童行为问题形成的各种影响因素。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)中国标准化版本(家长用)、心理卫生自评量表(SCL-90)、自制儿童心理卫生调查问卷对1200名儿童进行评定分析。结果儿童行为问题的检出率为14．0％,男女儿童的行为问题的检出率无显著性差异,但其内容各不相同;儿童行为问题受父母的心理状况、母孕期状况、出生时状况,家庭经济文化状况、家庭教养方式等因素影响。结论降低儿童问题的发生率必须采取综合干预的措施。     

北京市城区1994名学龄儿童感觉统合失调的调查报告

本文对北京市城区１９９４名学龄儿童进行感觉统合失调的调查。结果表明：感觉统合严重失调率为１０．３％；其中男孩感觉统合失调率（１４．６％）明显高于女孩（６．４％）；各年龄组间感觉统合失调率无明显差异。在行为问题儿童中有３４．２％伴有严重的感觉统合失调；学习成绩差儿童的感觉统合失调率明显地高于学习成绩中等和优秀者。感觉统合失调与父母受教育水平、家庭关系、父母期待等因素有关。     

Does sexual coercion play a role in the high-risk sexual behavior of adolescent and young adult women?

Sexual coercion and its relationship to high-risk sexual behavior were examined in five samples of young women. Sample 1 (N=22) consisted of sexually active adolescents aged 15 to 19. Samples 2 (N=206) and 3 (N=70) were recruited from among patients at three sexually transmitted disease clinics. Sample 4 (N=51) consisted of young homeless women living on the street in a large city. Sample 5 (N=51) was recruited from among young women on a college campus. Across all samples, 44.4% of women indicated that they had been forced into some form of sexual activity against their will. Self-reports of sexually coercive experiences were consistently related to risky sexual behavior. It appears that many young women are coerced into engaging in high-risk sexual behavior. This implies the need for greater attention to male coercive sexual behavior and women's skills for coping with such behavior.Support for this paper was provided by Grant HD 26249 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and Grant MH45651 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

广州市黄埔区学龄前儿童行为问题及影响因素的横断面调查

目的了解广州市黄埔区社区学龄前儿童行为问题的流行现状,探讨儿童气质及家庭环境对儿童行为问题的影响。方法采用随机分层整群抽样的方法,于2010年10月至2011年1月对广州市黄埔区7所幼儿园1237名（应答率74.9%）3～6岁儿童进行家长问卷调查,内容包括一般情况调查表、家长版长处和困难问卷（SDQ）、3～7岁儿童气质问卷（BSQ）和家庭环境量表（FES）。对1170份有效问卷进行统计分析,对行为问题的影响因素进行单因素分析和多元线性回归分析。结果行为问题总检出率为11.4%（134/1170）,未发现性别差异;同伴关系困难检出率最高（23.2%）,其次是多动注意缺陷（16.6%）、品行问题（11.8%）、情绪症状（8.4%）和亲社会行为（8.4%）。多元线性回归模型可以解释SDQ困难总分约50%的变异,行为问题的保护因素有父亲大专/本科以上受教育程度、家庭亲密度和文化性;危险因素有：联合家庭、儿童疾病史（严重先天性疾病或头部严重外伤）、儿童气质的坚持性低、适应性弱、情绪消极、节律性低、反应强烈、活动水平高。结论儿童行为问题的发生发展是多因素共同作用的结果,制定预防及干预措施需综合考虑各方面因素的影响。     

Child behavior problems and family functioning as predictors of adherence and glycemic control in economically disadvantaged children with type 1 diabetes: a prospective study

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study examined how child behavior problems and family functioning predict adherence behavior and glucose regulation (glycemic control) in a sample of economically disadvantaged children. METHODS: Children with type 1 diabetes (N = 116; 58.6% African American) were assessed for externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and family adaptability and cohesion and followed for a mean of 3.8 years. Glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) was assessed at baseline and follow-up, and adherence was assessed at follow-up. RESULTS: Analyses controlled for baseline HbA1c and years to follow-up. Multivariate analyses indicated that better adherence was predicted by high family cohesion. Better glycemic control was predicted by high family cohesion, the absence of externalizing behavior problems, and the presence of internalizing behavior problems. In addition, tests of moderation indicated that better follow-up glycemic control occurred among girls from high cohesion families and younger children from low adaptability families. Although better adherence predicted better glycemic control, adherence did not mediate the relationships of behavior problems or family functioning with glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: A child's behavior problems and family functioning may influence both adherence to the diabetes regimen and glycemic control several years later, suggesting the potential value of interventions that address child behavior and family functioning.     

日本孤儿及中国家属之心理卫生协作科研——(一)决定留华居住之日裔及其配偶之调查研究

近年来,许多“日本孤儿”及其中国家属因种种理由“归住”日本,但也有不少决定留居中国。本文通过调查和比较发现,决定留居中国最重要的因素是对目前及将来生活适应的考虑,此外,还与日本孤儿儿时的经历,政治运动中所受对待、与养父母的关系,是否找到了在日亲人等因素有关。     

Fathers’ and mothers’ attachment styles,couple conflict,parenting quality,and children’s behavior problems: an intervention test of mediation

ABSTRACT

A diverse sample of 239 primarily low-income couples participated in a random controlled trial of the Supporting Father Involvement couples group intervention. In this report, we examined the value of adding measures of fathers’ attachment style and parenting to mothers’ measures in order to explain variations in children’s behavior problems. We also tested the hypothesis that the link between intervention-induced reductions in couple conflict and reductions in anxious/harsh parenting can be explained by intervention effects on parents’ attachment insecurity or on anxiety and depression. Fathers’ attachment security and parenting behavior added significantly to mothers’ in accounting for children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Fathers’ anxious attachment style and anxiety/depression mediated the link between post-intervention reductions in parental conflict and anxious/harsh parenting. For mothers, only improvements in attachment security accounted for those links. The findings support the need for attachment researchers to consider the contributions of both parents to their children’s development.     

遗传与环境因素对儿童内向行为影响的双生子研究

目的 利用双生子设计的定量遗传分析方法探讨遗传因素与环境因素对于儿童内向行为的影响.方法 使用Achenbach儿童行为评定量表家长版本调查了189对成都地区6～16岁双生子的内向行为,采用Holzinger公式计算遗传度,家长评定家庭亲密度和适应性量表、一般健康问卷调查特定环境因素.结果 (1)儿童内向行为遗传度为0.54,年龄、性别与其相关.(2)家庭实际适应性、父母心理健康情况与儿童的内向行为显著相关(r=-0.213,0.250,0.309;Ps＜0.001),母亲心理健康状况为其危险因素(OR=2.483,P=0.008).结论 遗传因素和环境因素对儿童的内向行为均有影响,年龄和性别与遗传度相关,影响儿童内向行为的环境因素包括家庭功能和父母的心理健康水平.     

Maternal environmental risk factors and the development of internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood: The complex role of genetic factors

The development of problem behavior in children is associated with exposure to environmental factors, including the maternal environment. Both are influenced by genetic factors, which may also be correlated, that is, environmental risk and problem behavior in children might be influenced by partly the same genetic factors. In addition, environmental and genetic factors could interact with each other increasing the risk of problem behavior in children. To date, limited research investigated these mechanisms in a genome‐wide approach. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the association between genetic risk for psychiatric and related traits, as indicated by polygenetic risk scores (PRSs), exposure to previously identified maternal risk factors, and problem behavior in a sample of 1,154 children from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study at ages 5–6 and 11–12 years old. The PRSs were derived from genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) on schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, neuroticism, and wellbeing. Regression analysis showed that the PRSs were associated with exposure to multiple environmental risk factors, suggesting passive gene–environment correlation. In addition, the PRS based on the schizophrenia GWAS was associated with externalizing behavior problems in children at age 5–6. We did not find any association with problem behavior for the other PRSs. Our results indicate that genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders and wellbeing are associated with early environmental risk factors for children's problem behavior.