Effect of polymorphisms in the PPARGC1A gene on body fat in Asian Indians

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene were related to body fat in Asian Indians. METHODS: Three polymorphisms of PPARGC1A gene, the Thr394Thr, Gly482Ser and +A2962G, were genotyped on 82 type 2 diabetic and 82 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) subjects randomly chosen from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study using PCR-RFLP, and the nature of the variants were confirmed using direct sequencing. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated from the estimates of haplotypic frequencies using an expectation-maximization algorithm. Visceral, subcutaneous and total abdominal fat were measured using computed tomography, whereas dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure central abdominal and total body fat. RESULTS: None of the three polymorphisms studied were in LD. The genotype (0.59 vs 0.32, P=0.001) and allele (0.30 vs 0.17, P=0.007) frequencies of Thr394Thr polymorphism were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic subjects compared to those in NGT subjects. The odds ratio for diabetes (adjusted for age, sex and body mass index) for the susceptible genotype, XA (GA+AA) of Thr394Thr polymorphism, was 2.53 (95% confidence intervals: 1.30-5.04, P=0.009). Visceral and subcutaneous fat were significantly higher in NGT subjects with XA genotype of the Thr394Thr polymorphism compared to those with GG genotype (visceral fat: XA 148.2+/-46.9 vs GG 106.5+/-51.9 cm(2), P=0.001; subcutaneous fat: XA 271.8+/-167.1 vs GG 181.5+/-78.5 cm(2), P=0.001). Abdominal (XA 4521.9+/-1749.6 vs GG 3445.2+/-1443.4 g, P=0.004), central abdominal (XA 1689.0+/-524.0 vs GG 1228.5+/-438.7 g, P<0.0001) and non-abdominal fat (XA 18763.8+/-8789.4 vs GG 13160.4+/-4255.3 g, P<0.0001) were also significantly higher in the NGT subjects with XA genotype compared to those with GG genotype. The Gly482Ser and +A2962G polymorphisms were not associated with any of the body fat measures. CONCLUSION: Among Asian Indians, the Thr394Thr (G --> A) polymorphism is associated with increased total, visceral and subcutaneous body fat.     

Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of serum adiponectin concentration with regional adiposity and insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 73 Japanese men with type 2 diabetes (aged 59 +/- 11 years and body mass index [BMI] 23.8 +/- 3.0 kg/m(2), mean +/- SD) were studied. Fasting serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Regional adiposity was measured by abdominal computed tomography (CT) at the umbilical level, and insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R). Univariate regression analysis showed that serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with subcutaneous and visceral fat areas. With multivariate regression analysis, visceral fat area was a predominant determinant of serum adiponectin levels. In contrast, subcutaneous fat area was strongly associated with serum leptin concentrations. Among subcutaneous and visceral fat areas, BMI, and serum leptin levels, both subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were independently associated with HOMA-R. In another model incorporating serum adiponectin levels, serum adiponectin levels were selected as an independent determinant of HOMA-R instead of visceral fat area. In conclusion, hypoadiponectinemia was associated with visceral fat accumulation rather than subcutaneous fat depot in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both subcutaneous and visceral fat accumulation contribute to insulin resistance in these subjects, and the contribution of visceral fat may be mediated, in part, by hypoadiponectinemia.     

Relationship between visceral fat accumulation and anti-lipolytic action of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Insulin resistance is closely related to developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Visceral fat accumulation is associated with insulin resistance, which affects the free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism. We investigated the interactions among visceral fat accumulation, FFA metabolism and insulin resistance in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 11 obese and 9 non-obese subjects. Body fat distribution was estimated by measuring the areas of both subcutaneous and visceral fat mass on abdominal computed tomography at the umbilical level. Glucose infusion rate (GIR) and plasma FFA responses to insulin were determined as an index of insulin resistance and anti-lipolytic action, respectively, in a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study. There was an inverse correlation between GIR and insulin-induced decrease in plasma FFA in all diabetic patients (r = -0.652, P < 0.01). Visceral fat mass area was well correlated with GIR (r = -0.583, P < 0.01) and insulin-induced decrease in plasma FFA (r = 0.724, P < 0.001), whereas subcutaneous fat mass area was not correlated either with GIR or plasma FFA decrease. These findings suggest that visceral fat accumulation results in increasing the resistance against the anti-lipolytic action of insulin, and that FFA metabolism is closely related with glucose utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

The G1057D polymorphism of IRS-2 gene and its relationship with obesity in conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) G1057D polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and obesity in Asian Indians. METHODS: The study comprised of 1193 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) subjects and 1018 subjects with type 2 diabetes, aged >/=20 years with an average body mass index of 23.7+/-4.6 and 25.3+/-4.2 kg/m(2), respectively. The subjects were unrelated and randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), a population-based study in Chennai in southern India. The G1057D polymorphism of the IRS-2 gene was genotyped using PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS: The genotype frequency of the IRS-2 G1057D polymorphism was significantly different between the NGT and type 2 diabetic groups (P=0.0007) in the total study subjects and among the obese subjects (P=0.00007). Logistic regression analysis showed that the DD genotype showed an increased susceptibility to diabetes with an odds ratio (adjusted for age and sex) of 2.19 (95% CI: 1.34-3.57, P=0.002) when compared to the GG+GD genotype, among the obese subjects, but not in non obese subjects. In order to explore possible interaction with obesity, logistic regression analysis was performed and the coefficient corresponding to the interaction parameter (genotype x obesity) was significant (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: In Asian Indians, the DD genotype increases susceptibility to type 2 diabetes by interacting with obesity.     

Genetic variation in the visfatin gene (PBEF1) and its relation to glucose metabolism and fat-depot-specific messenger ribonucleic acid expression in humans

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Visfatin is a peptide suggested to play a role in glucose homeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the role of genetic variation in the visfatin gene in the pathophysiology of obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN: The visfatin gene (PBEF1) was sequenced in DNA samples from 24 nonrelated Caucasian subjects. Identified genetic variants were used for association analyses of T2DM in a case-control study (503 diabetic subjects and 476 healthy controls) and T2DM-related traits in 626 nondiabetic subjects. The effect of genetic variation in the visfatin gene on its mRNA expression in a subgroup of 157 nondiabetic subjects with measurements of visfatin mRNA expression in visceral and sc fat depots was also analyzed. RESULTS: Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one insertion/deletion were identified. Three SNPs (rs9770242, -948G-->T, rs4730153) that were representatives of their linkage disequilibrium groups were genotyped in Caucasians from Germany with a wide range of body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity for association analyses. No association of T2DM with any of the genotyped SNPs or their haplotypes was found. However, the ratio of visceral/sc visfatin mRNA expression was associated with all three genetic polymorphisms (P < 0.05). Moreover, the -948G-->T variant was associated with 2-h plasma glucose and fasting insulin concentrations (P < 0.05) in nondiabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our data suggest that genetic variation in the visfatin gene may have a minor effect on visceral and sc visfatin mRNA expression profiles but does not play a major role in the development of obesity or T2DM.     

Thr54 allele carriers of the Ala54Thr variant of FABP2 gene have associations with metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemia in urban South Indians

The intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene is proposed as a candidate gene for diabetes because the protein it codes is involved in fatty acid absorption and metabolism. This study investigates the association of the Ala54Thr variant of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein gene on type 2 diabetes mellitus and other related metabolic traits in Asian Indians. Ala54Thr polymorphism was genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in unrelated 773 type 2 diabetic and 899 normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) subjects, randomly chosen from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, an ongoing population-based study in South India. The Ala54Thr polymorphism was not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity. However, genotype-phenotype study revealed that the NGT subjects carrying the Thr54 allele had significantly higher 2-hour plasma glucose (P = .007), glycated hemoglobin (P = .004), 2-hour insulin (P = .027), and fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .032) levels compared with those with the Ala54 allele. Normal glucose-tolerant subjects with Ala54Thr and Thr54Thr genotypes had significantly higher fasting serum triglyceride levels (P = .003) compared with those with Ala54Ala. The subjects were stratified into those with hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride levels >or=150 mg/dL) and those without. The odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia for the individuals carrying the Ala54Thr genotype was 1.491 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.83, P < .0001), and for those carrying the Thr54Thr genotype, it was 1.888 (95% CI, 1.34-2.67; P < .0001). Subjects were also stratified into those with metabolic syndrome (MS) and those without, according to modified Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The odds ratio (adjusted for age and sex) for MS for the individuals carrying the Ala54Thr genotype was 1.240 (95% CI, 1.02-1.51; P = .03), whereas for those carrying the Thr54Thr genotype, it was 1.812 (95% CI, 1.28-2.57; P = .001). Carriers of the Thr54 allele have associations with MS and hypertriglyceridemia in this urban South Indian population.     

Association of subcutaneous and visceral fat mass with serum concentrations of adipokines in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The goal of the study was to examine the association of subcutaneous and visceral fat mass with serum concentrations of adipokines in 130 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The levels of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, interleukin-18, and retinol-binding protein 4 were measured. Percentage body fat was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and subcutaneous and visceral fat areas were measured by abdominal CT. HS-CRP had significant positive correlations with percentage body fat and subcutaneous fat area, and a particularly significant positive correlation with visceral fat area. Serum adiponectin had a negative correlation with the subcutaneous and visceral fat areas, with the strongest correlation with the visceral fat area. Similar results were obtained for HMW adiponectin. Serum adiponectin had a negative correlation with visceral fat area in subjects with a visceral fat area < 100 cm2, but not in those with a visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm2. In contrast, serum HS-CRP showed a positive correlation with visceral fat area in subjects with visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm2, but not in those with a visceral fat area < 100 cm2. These findings indicate that an increased visceral fat area is associated with inflammatory changes, and that inflammatory reactions may alter the functional properties of visceral fat in type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Relationship of regional adiposity to insulin resistance and serum triglyceride levels in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between insulin resistance and regional abdominal fat area, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipid profile in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 63 nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients aged 45 to 83 years were examined. The duration of diabetes was 8.4 +/- 0.8 years. BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels, and fasting concentrations of plasma glucose, serum lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, and triglycerides), and serum insulin were measured. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was calculated using the Friedewald formula (LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - 1/5 triglycerides). Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Computed tomography (CT) was used to measure cross-sectional abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in all the patients. Adipose tissue areas were determined at the umbilical level. Subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas were 136.5 +/- 6.0 and 86.0 +/- 4.1 cm(2), respectively. Univariate regression analysis showed that insulin resistance was positively correlated with subcutaneous (r =.544, P <.001) and visceral (r =.408, P =.001) fat areas, BMI (r =.324, P =.009), HbA(1c) (r =.254, P =.001), serum triglycerides (r =.419, P <.001), and serum LDL cholesterol (r =.290, P =.019) levels and was negatively correlated with serum HDL cholesterol level (r =.254, P =.041). Multiple regression analyses showed that insulin resistance was independently predicted by the areas of subcutaneous (F = 6.76, P <.001) and visceral (F = 4.61, P <.001) abdominal fat and serum triglycerides (F = 8.88, P <.001) level, which explained 36.9% of the variability of insulin resistance. Moreover, the present study demonstrated that whereas BMI was positively correlated with visceral (r =.510, P <.001) and subcutaneous (r =.553, P <.001) fat areas, serum triglyceride level was positively associated with visceral (r =.302, P =.015), but not with subcutaneous (r =.222, P =.074) fat area. From these results, it can be suggested that (1) both subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas are independently associated with insulin resistance and (2) visceral fat area, but not the subcutaneous one, is associated with serum triglyceride levels in our nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.     

Ultrasonography for the evaluation of visceral fat and the metabolic syndrome

Association between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease has been related with visceral adiposity, through the predisposition of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MS). Sonography is a simple and reliable method to measure both subcutaneous and visceral fat. To analyze the relationship of anthropometric measurements with abdominal adiposity measured by sonography and to analyze the utility of sonography in the prediction of insulin resistance (IR) and the other components of MS. Visceral fat measurements by sonography correlated better with components of MS than did subcutaneous fat measurements. Preperitoneal circumference (PC) was strongly correlated with all components of MS and with IR expressed as a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index for IR. PC was better than waist circumference (WC) in predicting triglyceride levels, apolipoprotein B levels, and HOMA index, but WC was better than PC in predicting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.699 for PC and 0.684 for WC, in subjects with body mass index 25 kg/m2 or greater (P=.024 and .015, respectively). PC and WC showed good correlation with HOMA index (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.306, P<.001 and .206, P<.001, respectively). Abdominal visceral fat is better correlated with MS than subcutaneous fat; sonography is a useful method to evaluate the abdominal fat; PC is the best sonography parameter correlated with components of MS, and in overweight and obese subjects, PC is better than WC at predicting components of the MS.     

Visfatin in overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis and systemic review

There are controversies regarding the association of visfatin with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in published articles. A meta-analysis was performed to identify the significance of visfatin in these diseases. We searched for relevant articles in Pubmed, Scopus and SCIE. A total of 1035 articles were surveyed and 46 articles were identified, with 14 reports reporting more than one of our investigated diseases. A total of 13 (n = 644), 19 (n = 2405), 20 (n = 2249), 5 (n = 527) and 5 (n = 851) articles/(participants) were included in each meta-analysis regarding the association of visfatin and overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Plasma visfatin concentrations were increased in participants diagnosed with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, with pooled log odds ratios of 1.164 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.348 to 1.981, p = 0.005], 1.981 (95% CI: 1.377 to 2.584, p < 0.001), 1.094 (95% CI: 0.678 to 1.511, p < 0.001), and 2.902 (95% CI: 0.924 to 4.879, p < 0.005), respectively. The circulating visfatin level was positively associated with insulin resistance, with a Fisher's z of 0.089 (95% CI: 0.013 to 0.165, p = 0.022). No single study was found to affect the overall result of each analysis by sensitivity testing. No publication bias was found by the Egger test. Our study suggests that the use of visfatin may be promising for predicting obesity, diabetes status, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.     

Association of serum retinol-binding protein 4 and visceral adiposity in Chinese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that adipose-derived serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels are increased in insulin-resistant mouse models and in subjects with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. However, the association of visceral fat and serum RBP4 has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum RBP4 and regional fat distribution in Chinese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: We measured serum RBP4 concentrations from 1033 Chinese subjects with various degrees of obesity and tested the association between visceral adiposity and serum RBP4. In a subgroup of this study, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed to measure insulin sensitivity. The association between visceral adiposity and serum RBP4 was also determined in response to rosiglitazone treatment in a subgroup of patients with diabetes. RESULTS: Serum RBP4 level was positively correlated with visceral adipose area in male (r = 0.171; P < 0.001) and female (r = 0.215; P < 0.001) subjects. However, there was no correlation between serum RBP4 and body mass index. Subjects with visceral obesity had higher serum RBP4 concentrations than those without visceral obesity in both men and women. Rosiglitazone treatment in patients with diabetes resulted in a lower serum RBP4 level (35.2 +/- 10.2 vs. 24.9 +/- 5.6 microg/ml, before vs. after treatment). These changes were accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity and reductions in visceral fat area. The latter was found to be highly correlated with the decline of serum RBP4 levels (r = 0.471; P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Serum RBP4 level is positively associated with visceral adiposity in both men and women. Our data suggest that RBP4 may contribute to the development of insulin resistance along with other adipokines.     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

Visfatin是新近发现的一种脂肪细胞因子,主要由内脏脂肪组织分泌产生.目前许多研究表明,visfatin与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、2型糖尿病及其并发症密切相关,具有降血糖和类胰岛素作用,在2型糖尿病伴动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及糖尿病肾病患者中血浆水平明显升高.因此,visfatin可能与上述疾病的发生有一定关系.此外,visfatin基因多态性与糖脂代谢相关,而且受遗传背景和环境凶素的影响.本文就visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢关系的研究进展作一综述.     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

Visfatin是新近发现的一种脂肪细胞因子,主要由内脏脂肪组织分泌产生.目前许多研究表明,visfatin与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、2型糖尿病及其并发症密切相关,具有降血糖和类胰岛素作用,在2型糖尿病伴动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及糖尿病肾病患者中血浆水平明显升高.因此,visfatin可能与上述疾病的发生有一定关系.此外,visfatin基因多态性与糖脂代谢相关,而且受遗传背景和环境凶素的影响.本文就visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢关系的研究进展作一综述.     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

Visfatin是新近发现的一种脂肪细胞因子,主要由内脏脂肪组织分泌产生.目前许多研究表明,visfatin与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、2型糖尿病及其并发症密切相关,具有降血糖和类胰岛素作用,在2型糖尿病伴动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及糖尿病肾病患者中血浆水平明显升高.因此,visfatin可能与上述疾病的发生有一定关系.此外,visfatin基因多态性与糖脂代谢相关,而且受遗传背景和环境凶素的影响.本文就visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢关系的研究进展作一综述.     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

Visfatin是新近发现的一种脂肪细胞因子,主要由内脏脂肪组织分泌产生.目前许多研究表明,visfatin与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、2型糖尿病及其并发症密切相关,具有降血糖和类胰岛素作用,在2型糖尿病伴动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及糖尿病肾病患者中血浆水平明显升高.因此,visfatin可能与上述疾病的发生有一定关系.此外,visfatin基因多态性与糖脂代谢相关,而且受遗传背景和环境凶素的影响.本文就visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢关系的研究进展作一综述.     

Beneficial effect of low carbohydrate in low calorie diets on visceral fat reduction in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity

The adequate composition of carbohydrate and fat in low calorie diets for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity is not fully established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism, especially on visceral fat accumulation, and comparing that of a high carbohydrate diet. Obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to take a low calorie and low carbohydrate diet (n = 11, 1000 kcal per day, protein:carbohydrate:fat = 25:40:35) or a low calorie and high carbohydrate diet (n = 11, 1000 kcal per day, protein:carbohydrate:fat = 25:65:10) for 4 weeks. Similar decreases in body weight and serum glucose levels were observed in both groups. Fasting serum insulin levels were reduced in the low carbohydrate diet group compared to the high carbohydrate diet group (-30% versus -10%, P < 0.05). Total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased in both groups, but were not significantly different from each other. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) increased in the low carbohydrate diet group but not in the high carbohydrate diet group (+15% versus 0%, P < 0.01). There was a larger decrease in visceral fat area measured by computed tomography in the low carbohydrate diet group compared to the high carbohydrate diet group (-40 cm(2) versus -10 cm(2), P < 0.05). The ratio of visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area did not change in the high carbohydrate diet group (from 0.70 to 0.68), but it decreased significantly in the low carbohydrate diet group (from 0.69 to 0.47, P < 0.005). These results suggest that, when restrict diet was made isocaloric, a low calorie/low carbohydrate diet might be more effective treatment for a reduction of visceral fat, improved insulin sensitivity and increased in HDL-C levels than low calorie/high carbohydrate diet in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

Visfatin是新近发现的一种脂肪细胞因子,主要由内脏脂肪组织分泌产生.目前许多研究表明,visfatin与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、2型糖尿病及其并发症密切相关,具有降血糖和类胰岛素作用,在2型糖尿病伴动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及糖尿病肾病患者中血浆水平明显升高.因此,visfatin可能与上述疾病的发生有一定关系.此外,visfatin基因多态性与糖脂代谢相关,而且受遗传背景和环境凶素的影响.本文就visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢关系的研究进展作一综述.     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

Visfatin是新近发现的一种脂肪细胞因子,主要由内脏脂肪组织分泌产生.目前许多研究表明,visfatin与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、2型糖尿病及其并发症密切相关,具有降血糖和类胰岛素作用,在2型糖尿病伴动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及糖尿病肾病患者中血浆水平明显升高.因此,visfatin可能与上述疾病的发生有一定关系.此外,visfatin基因多态性与糖脂代谢相关,而且受遗传背景和环境凶素的影响.本文就visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢关系的研究进展作一综述.     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

β细胞凋亡增加和胰岛管上皮细胞定向分化障碍是糖尿病 (DM)发病的中心环节。凋亡基因干预或凋亡抑制基因转导可有效抑制 β细胞凋亡 ;betacellulinm和活化素A等联合作用 ,可诱导AR42J细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞转化 ,对人胎胰岛β细胞增殖和分化有重要作用 ;优降糖和诺和龙等药物可与β细胞表面的特异受体结合促进胰岛素分泌。     

Visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢的关系

Visfatin是新近发现的一种脂肪细胞因子,主要由内脏脂肪组织分泌产生.目前许多研究表明,visfatin与胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、2型糖尿病及其并发症密切相关,具有降血糖和类胰岛素作用,在2型糖尿病伴动脉粥样硬化、冠心病及糖尿病肾病患者中血浆水平明显升高.因此,visfatin可能与上述疾病的发生有一定关系.此外,visfatin基因多态性与糖脂代谢相关,而且受遗传背景和环境凶素的影响.本文就visfatin及其基因多态性与糖脂代谢关系的研究进展作一综述.