不同手术时机治疗高血压脑出血与术后再出血的相关性分析

目的探讨不同手术时机治疗高血压脑出血与术后再出血的相关性。方法回顾性分析我院2011-03—2013-02收治的76例高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,分析不同手术时机对高血压脑出血患者术后再出血的影响。结果超早期手术42例,早期手术24例,延期手术10例。术后再出血:超早期组手术6例,早期手术4例,延期手术2例。结论对于高血压脑出血患者,可根据患者具体情况选择相应的手术时机,为患者术后恢复争取更多的时间。     

高血压脑出血术后再出血的原因分析及防治

目的：研究高血压脑出血术后再出血的原因及防治方法,以有效降低高血压脑出血患者病死、病残率。方法回顾分析我院2001－2011年手术治疗的326例高血压脑出血患者中出现术后再出血的36例患者的临床资料,总结发生原因及有效防治措施。结果本组术后43例（13.1％）出现术后再出血。术后血压过高、波动幅度过大及术中操作不当、止血不彻底是术后再出血的主要原因,术前应用抗凝药物、术后烦躁、呛咳、体温控制不良、手术时机过早也是术后脑出血的常见原因。结论选择正确的手术方式及适当的手术时机,提高手术技巧,严格控制围手术期血压,适当应用镇静药物,早期气管切开和进行早期体温控制可减少脑出血术后病人再出血几率,改善高血压脑出血患者的预后。     

高血压脑出血手术时机临床分析(附124例临床报告)

目的探讨HICH术后再出血与手术时机的相关性。方法回顾性分析124例高血压脑出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)手术病例,分析总结不同的手术时机与术后再出血的相关性。结果本组再出血18例,发生率14.5%。再出血的病例中24h以上手术者2例,5-24h内手术者3例,5h以内进行超早期手术者13例,发生于以超早期手术者较为显著,提示术后再出血的发生与手术时机的不同有明显的相关性。结论高血压脑出血超早期手术明显增高术后再出血的发生率,合理选择手术时机,降低手术治疗的致死致残率。     

高血压脑出血术后再出血的原因及防治

目的探讨高血压脑出血术后再出血原因及防治经验。方法2006-2012年手术治疗高血压脑出血65例,术后发生再出血15例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组高血压脑出血术后再出血发生率23.1%（15/65）,死亡率60.0%（9/15）。再出血的主要临床表现为意识障碍加深、瞳孔变化及骨窗张力增高。结论术中止血不彻底、术后血压明显波动是造成高血压脑出血术后再出血的主要原因,合理选择手术时机、术中妥善止血、术后积极控制血压可减少高血压脑出血术后再出血发生率。     

高血压脑出血术后再出血原因分析及对策

高血压脑出血的手术治疗目前已被广泛开展。术后再出血是高血压脑出血术后最为凶险的并发症，且是术后死亡的主要原因之一。为探讨高血压脑出血术后再出血的相关因素和防治措施，现就我院从2004年1月至2007年5月手术治疗的162例脑出血中的19例术后再出血进行临床分析。     

高血压脑出血术后再出血的原因分析

目的：探讨高血压脑出血术后再出血的原因及对策。方法回顾性分析2003年8月～2012年8月在苏州大学附属第一医院行高血压脑出血手术治疗的712例患者的临床资料,采用X2检验对各原因进行单因素分析。结果术后2周内46例患者发生再出血,再出血率为6．46％,其中87％的患者术后再次出血发生在术后48 h内。凝血功能异常、高血压病程大于10年、血肿位于小脑、超早期手术及术后血压剧烈波动是术后再出血危险因素。结论积极纠正凝血异常患者凝血指标,掌握合适手术时机,术中严密止血,术后加强监护,维持血压平稳是控制术后再出血关键。     

不同手术时机治疗高血压脑出血与术后再出血的相关性分析

目的探讨高血压脑出血不同手术时机与患者术后再出血的相关性。方法 123例脑出血患者根据手术时机分为超早期组(发病6h内手术)、早期组(发病后6~24h手术)以及延期组(发病24h后手术),对比3组术后再出血发生率。结果超早期组患者术后再出血发生率为37.0%,显著高于早期组的14.3%及延期组的5.9%(P0.01)。结论高血压脑出血患者应尽早手术治疗,对于出血速度较快且出血量较大患者应行超早期手术,对于出血速度相对较慢、出血量相对较小者,在无生命危险的情况下,可选择早期或延期手术治疗。     

影响高血压脑出血立体定向排空术预后的相关因素分析

目的分析影响立体定向排空术治疗高血压脑出血患者预后的因素。方法总结2002年2月～2007年12月收治的76例高血压脑出血患者采用立体定向排空术的临床资料,结合随访资料进行分析,确定影响预后的主要因素。结果术后再出血9例,其中丘脑5例(3例破入脑室),基底节区4例,有脑疝形成4例,均为发病12h内手术,再出血死亡计7例;颅内感染3例;肺部感染10例,2例死亡;应急性消化道溃疡出血5例,1例死亡。超早期手术、血肿部位、血肿破入脑室是术后再出血的主要危险因素。术后出院前共死亡10例,占13.2%,其中有脑疝形成者术后共计死亡7例(包括随访病例),占死亡人数的46.7%,脑疝、再出血、血肿部位、坠入性肺部感染、应急性消化道溃疡出血是患者术后死亡的主要影响因素。结论立体定向排空术治疗高血压脑出血,应正确选择手术时机,防止再出血、坠入性肺部感染和应急性消化道溃疡出血,以改善高血压脑出血患者的预后。     

高血压脑出血术后再出血的相关因素分析

目的分析高血压脑出血术后再出血的相关因素。方法收集2013-01—2018-01贵州省人民医院神经外科手术治疗高血压脑出血患者988例,其中术后再出血41例,采用多因素Logistic回归分析41例再出血病例临床资料并判断影响高血压脑出血术后再出血的相关因素。结果患者的年龄、性别、高血压病程、基础疾病、发病至手术时间、术前GCS评分、术中血压等因素与术后再出血无明显相关性(P0.05),而出血量、显微手术技巧、使用止血材料、术后血压管理等因素与术后再出血密切相关(P0.05)。结论影响高血压脑出血术后再出血的因素较多,术中显微镜下精细操作及术后保持血压正常平稳等对预防高血压脑出血术后再出血具有重要意义。     

高血压脑出血超早期微创术中再出血的防治

超早期手术治疗高血压脑出血时,如何处理好术中再出血对手术成功与否至关重要.河南省孟州市中医院1999年1月-2009年6月以来,采用超早期(发病<6 h)[1]微创方法治疗高血压脑出血患者516例,其中72例患者于手术中发生再出血,现将临床经验和教训总结如下.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.