基因的miRNA载体构建及其活性鉴定

目的 构建蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶2(PRMT2)基因的miRNA真核表达载体,鉴定其转染乳腺癌MCF7细胞株后的生物活性.方法 根据PRMT2基因序列设计合成4对pre-miRNA片段,定向克隆到pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR真核表达载体上,采用菌落的PCR和测序分析鉴定插入序列的完整性;并将重组载体转染至MCF7细胞株中,采用Western blot方法鉴定重组载体转染MCF7细胞后对PRMT2蛋白表达的干扰效果以确定其生物活性.结果 构建的重组体插入片段的碱基序列完全正确,并且重组体瞬时定转染MCF7细胞后成功干扰PRMT2的表达.结论 成功构建了靶向PRMT2基因的pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR真核表达载体,且在瞬时转染MCF7细胞后能下调PRMT2的表达.     

小鼠肿瘤坏死因子受体1基因的克隆及其与绿色荧光蛋白的融合表达

目的：构建小鼠肿瘤坏死因子受体1（TNFR1）和绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的融合基因真核表达质粒，然后在中国仓鼠卵巢（CHO）细胞表达，为TNFR1的基因干预研究提供简便的判定手段。方法：从小鼠肝组织提取总RNA，RT-PCR扩增出TNFR1基因的cDNA片段，将目的片段克隆至pMD18-T载体。酶切和测序鉴定，然后将目的片段酶切回收后插到GFP表达载体pEGFP-N2中GFP基因序列的上游，构建TNFR1-EGFP融合基因真核表达载体pEGFP-TNFR1，将该重组质粒转染到CHO细胞后24—48h，用免疫组化技术检测TNFR1的表达情况。同时荧光显微镜下观察GFP表达情况。结果：扩增出了长约1360bp的基因片段，并将其克隆至pMD18-T载体，酶切和测序鉴定无误；将pMD-TNFR1中TNFR1基因亚克隆至pEGFP-N2载体，酶切鉴定无误；重组质粒pEGFP-TNFR1转染CHO细胞后，免疫组化染色可见细胞有阳性棕染，同时荧光显微镜下也可观察到绿色荧光蛋白的表达。结论：成功构建了小鼠TNFR1-EGFP融合基因真核表达质粒；重组质粒可在CHO细胞中表达出TNFR1-EGFP融合蛋白，为进一步的TNFR1基因干扰研究奠定了基础。     

人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-haFGF。方法 PCR扩增人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（haFGF）基因,BglⅡ和HindⅢ双酶切后克隆入真核表达载体pEGFP-N1,构建haFGF真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-haFGF,并经限制性酶谱分析和DNA测序对重组表达载体的正确性进行鉴定。结果重组真核基因表达载体pEGFP-N1-haFGF经限制性内切酶BglⅡ和HindⅢ酶切,DNA电泳显示465 bp的haFGF目的片段和4 700 bp的pEGFP-N1载体片段,重组载体经DNA测序显示所克隆的haFGF基因核苷酸顺序与Genbank中记载的haFGF序列一致。结论本实验成功构建人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子真核表达载体,为进一步研究haFGF的功能奠定基础。     

FLAG Pull-down技术筛选人乳腺癌细胞中NGAL相互作用蛋白

目的 构建含有NGAL基因的p3XFLAG-NGAL真核表达载体并对其进行鉴定,获取人乳腺癌细胞MCF7中NGAL相互作用蛋白.方法 提取MCF7细胞中总RNA,反转录为cDNA后采用聚合酶链反应扩增NGAL基因,上下游分别引入NotⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点,双酶切后将其插入p3XFLAG-CMV-14质粒中,构建p3XFLAG-NGAL重组质粒,并进行双酶切和测序鉴定.采用脂质体法转染该质粒至MCF7细胞中,经Western blot检测FLAG-NGAL融合蛋白的表达情况.再使用FLAG pull-down技术和蛋白质谱测定获取人乳腺癌细胞MCF7中NGAL相互作用蛋白.结果 经过NotⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切及DNA测序验证,本研究成功构建p3XFLAG-NGAL真核表达载体,免疫印迹法证实转染了p3XFLAG-NGAL载体的人乳腺癌细胞MCF7高表达FLAG-NGAL融合蛋白,并利用FLAG pull-down技术筛选出人乳腺癌细胞MCF7中NGAL相互作用蛋白,经蛋白质谱测定为角蛋白-1(Keratin 1,KRT1).结论 成功构建p3XFLAG-NGAL真核表达载体,并获取人乳腺癌细胞MCF7中NGAL相互作用蛋白KRT1,为下一步研究乳腺癌的发生、发展机制提供新的思路和靶点.     

PRMT2及其剪接体在乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中的亚细胞定位及意义

目的：构建蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶2( PRMT2)及其差异剪接体与绿色荧光蛋白( GFP)的真核表达载体,转染后观察其融合蛋白在乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中的表达及亚细胞定位,为进一步研究PRMT2基因及其新的差异剪接体在乳腺癌中的作用奠定基础。方法以pGEM-T-PRMT2/α/β/γ载体为模板,设计引物,PCR扩增目的基因,并将PCR产物克隆至pcDNA3.1/NT-GFP-topo载体,转化后将阳性克隆扩增,对 PCR 产物进行跑胶鉴定和测序。提取 pcDNA3.1/NT-GFP-PRMT2/α/β/γ及空载体pcDNA3.1/NT-GFP质粒,用脂质体介导转染MCF-7细胞,在激光共聚焦显微镜下,观察外源性PRMT2/α/β/γ融合蛋白在MCF-7细胞中的亚细胞定位。采用Western blot法检测各重组融合蛋白在MCF-7细胞中的表达。结果各GFP在细胞中均有表达,但其在细胞中的分布位置不一致。 PRMT2α与PRMT2γ的融合蛋白同PRMT2的分布一致,均聚集于核仁外的核浆,胞质中有少许分布;而PRMT2β和空载体的荧光蛋白的分布一致,都均匀分布于细胞的胞质和胞核,包括核仁部分。 Western blot法检测表明各重组融合蛋白在MCF-7细胞中均有表达。结论 PRMT2及其各剪接体的亚细胞定位不同,可能提示其在功能方面存在差异。     

含绿色荧光蛋白基因重组质粒的构建及其在血管平滑肌细胞中的表达

目的 构建与增强型绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)融合的重组真核表达载体,并转染大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(A7r5),观察其在A7r5中的表达.方法 采用Trizol法快速提取A7r5的总RNA,经RT-PCR获得线粒体融合蛋白2(mfn2)的cDNA,扩增、纯化、回收mfn2基因片段.用HindⅢ和BamH Ⅰ双酶切扩增的大鼠mfn2基因片段和质粒pEGFP-N1,然后将这2种酶切产物按常规方法连接、转化大肠杆菌DH5α.将提取的重组质粒进行酶切鉴定和测序.测序正确的重组质粒用脂质体法转染A7r5,24h后观察GFP表达情况,并用RT-PCR、Western blot方法检测mfia2的表达.结果 扩增出了1条约2.2 kb的片段,酶切结果显示重组质粒被切成4.7kb大小的pEGFP-N1载体和2.2kb大小的目的片段.经测序目的片段的序列与GeneBank中大鼠mfn2基因的开放阅读编码框序列完全一致.细胞转染48h后GFP表达量最多,RT-PCR、Western blot方法检测到mfn2在A7r5中高表达.结论 成功构建了含GFP基因重组真核表达载体,并且可以在A7r5中高表达.     

pEGFP-N1-PP1α真核表达载体的构建及其在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达

目的 构建人PP1α基因真核表达载体, 并观察其在人骨肉瘤细胞株(U-2OS)中的表达,为进一步研究PP1对骨肉瘤细胞凋亡影响提供基础.方法 提取U-2OS细胞中总RNA,RT-PCR扩增PP1α并克隆至pEGFP-N1载体,鉴定出阳性克隆送测序, 以重组质粒转染U-2OS细胞,通过Western blot检测转染细胞中PP1α的表达.结果 成功扩增PP1α基因大小片段,重组质粒pEGFP-N1-PP1α的酶切鉴定及测序结果均证明PP1α基因成功克隆到真核表达载体中,Western blot结果证实转染重组质粒后的U-2OS细胞PP1α蛋白表达水平增强.结论 实验将pEGFP-N1-PP1α质粒转染到U-2OS细胞,可以在U-2OS细胞中获得PP1α蛋白增强表达.     

大鼠Neurogenesin-1基因真核表达载体的构建及在cos-7细胞中的表达

目的 克隆大鼠海马中Neurogenesin-1(Ng1)基因片段,构建pSecTag2/Hygro B-Ng1真核表达载体,并检测其在cos-7细胞中的表达,为进一步研究该基因对脊髓神经干细胞分化的影响提供实验依据.方法 在无RNA酶污染的条件下提取出大鼠海马总RNA.利用逆转录聚合酶链反应扩增出Ng1基因片段.将该基因片段连接到真核表达载体pSecTag2/Hygro B,聚合酶链反应初步筛选,双酶切鉴定后送测序.将构建成功的重组真核表达载体转染入cos-7细胞,Western blot鉴定重组Ng1蛋白的表达. 结果 逆转录聚合酶链反应成功获得大鼠Ng1 cDNA.随机挑选10个重组真核表达载体的克隆,聚合酶链反应筛选出阳性克隆2个,经双酶切鉴定、测序及Blast分析鉴定重组质粒构建成功.脂质体介导转染cos-7细胞48 h后,Western blot鉴定重组Ng1蛋白在cos-7细胞中的表达,在46 ku处出现阳性条带. 结论 大鼠海马Ng1基因的真核表达载体pSecTag2/Hygro B-Ng1构建成功,转染cos-7细胞后能够表达重组Ng1蛋白.     

pEGFP-N1-linamarase重组真核表达载体的构建及linamarase在MH-CC97中的表达

目的:构建携带木薯亚麻苦甙水解酶(lis)基因,以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)为报告基因的重组真核表达载体,并导人人肝癌细胞MHCCW中表达.方法:提取木薯总RNA,PCR扩增lis目的基因,将该全长基因定向克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-N1上,构建重组质粒载体.利用电穿孔转染体外培养的MHCC97,在活细胞状态下用荧光显微镜直接观察lis-EGFP融合蛋白在细胞中的表达;PCR检测lis基因转录水平的表达;Western Blot方法验证lis蛋白水平的表达.结果:PCR扩增片段与预期结果相符,酶切和测序证明pEGFP-N1-lis真核表达载体构建成功.pEGFP-N1-lis转染MHCC97细胞后,Western Blot可以检测到lis蛋白在MHCC97细胞表达,用荧光显微镜观察到转染细胞中有绿色荧光蛋白表达.结论:成功构建真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP-N1-lis,可为后续lis基因功能的研究奠定实验基础.     

重组融合蛋白Tumstatin-TNF-α分泌型真核表达载体的构建及其在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的表达

目的构建重组融合蛋白Tumstatin-TNF-α的分泌型真核表达载体并检测其在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO-K1)中的稳定表达。方法以人胚肾293细胞为材料,提取总RNA,用RT-PCR方法合成人tumstatin cDNA,将该cDNA克隆到pGEM-T载体获得重组质粒pGEM-T/tumstatin。利用PCR从pGEM-T/tumstatin和PBV220-TNF-α载体中分别扩增出sig-tumstatin-linker和linker-TNF片段,将其克隆得到sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF片段,sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF片段经酶切后,插入经同样酶切pIRESneo3质粒,利用克隆PCR、限制性内切酶消化以及序列测定对获得的sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF基因片段及重组载体进行验证。将重组sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF真核表达载体转染到CHO-K1对其表达状况进行检测。结果所获得的sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF片段(1.32kb)序列与报道的序列完全一致。酶切鉴定的结果表明含肿瘤抑素基因的重组pIRESneo3/sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF表达载体构建成功。转染重组pIRESneo3/sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF的CHO-K1表达了肿瘤抑素融合蛋白tumstatin-linker-TNF。从生长曲线结果来看,转染pIRESneo3/sig-tumstatin-linker-TNF真核表达载体和转染pIRESneo3的CHO-K1比未转染的CHO-K1细胞的生长速度要慢。结论成功地构建了重组人肿瘤抑素融合蛋白的真核表达载体,并获得能稳定表达人肿瘤抑素融合蛋白的CHO-K1。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.