2019《国际糖尿病足工作组糖尿病足预防和治疗指南》解读

由国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)主办的第8届世界ISDF(国际糖尿病足研讨会)大会于2019年5月22日-25日在荷兰海牙召开,此次大会颁布了2019《IWGDF糖尿病足预防和治疗指南》。该指南对2015版进行了更新,涉及以下6个章节:预防糖尿病患者足部溃疡,糖尿病患者足部溃疡减压,足部溃疡和糖尿病患者周围动脉疾病的诊断、预后和管理,糖尿病患者足部感染的诊断和治疗,促进糖尿病患者足部溃疡愈合的干预措施及糖尿病足溃疡的分类。该文对该指南进行相关解读,以期为国内糖尿病足研究者提供最前沿信息。     

Diabetic osteoarthropathy: problems and complications in foot surgery

Charcot neuroarthropathy is one of the most serious manifestations of the diabetic foot syndrome and the multifaceted disease pattern requires interdisciplinary cooperation. Problems may arise even if the diagnosis is made early and lack of pain may mislead to the assumption of an infectious or traumatic event. With respect to operative therapy the characteristics of polyneuropathy and altered bone metabolism have to be taken into account. Rehabilitation, in particular, differs from the guidelines for trauma patients. In the face of high complication risks substantial improvement of function must be the goal for operative treatment.     

Effective management of patients with diabetes foot ulcers: outcomes of an Interprofessional Diabetes Foot Ulcer Team

A longitudinal observational study on a convenience sample was conducted between 4 January and 31 December of 2010 to evaluate clinical outcomes that occur when a new Interprofessional Diabetes Foot Ulcer Team (IPDFUT) helps in the management of diabetes‐related foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients living in a small urban community in Ontario, Canada. Eighty‐three patients presented to the IPDFUT with 114 DFUs of average duration of 19·5 ± 2·7 weeks. Patients were 58·4 ± 1·4 years of age and 90% had type 2 diabetes, HbA1c of 8·3 ± 2·0%, with an average diabetes duration of 22·3 ± 3·4 years; in 69% of patients, 78 DFUs healed in an average duration of 7·4 ± 0·7 weeks, requiring an average of 3·8 clinic visits. Amputation of a toe led to healing in three patients (4%) and one patient required a below‐knee amputation. Six patients died and three withdrew. Adding a skilled IPDFUT that is trained to work together resulted in improved healing outcomes. The rate of healing, proportion of wounds closed and complication rate were similar if not better than the results published previously in Canada and around the world. The IPDFUT appears to be a successful model of care and could be used as a template to provide effective community care to the patients with DFU in Ontario, Canada.     

What causes high foot pressures in diabetes: how can they be relieved?: Proceedings of the IDF Satellite Symposium on the Diabetic Foot, Washington 1991

This review presents the findings of several studies undertaken to elucidate the relationship of high pressure in the diabetic foot to the development of foot ulceration. It is concluded that high plantar pressure is a multifactorial condition relating mostly to limitation of joint mobility in the foot, and to neurological dysfunction. High pressure alone does not give rise to ulcers, but the insensitive foot is liable to damage from abnormal stresses of which high plantar pressure is an obvious example. Patient education and mechanical solutions for preventing tissue damage are the easiest intervention available at the present time as neurological damage resulting from diabetes is not reversible. Casting techniques are of proven efficacy in healing ulcers. Good foot care, the provision of suitable footwear, appropriate insoles and hosiery are essential to prevent recurrence.     

Surgical options in the management of residual foot problems in poliomyelitis

Although poliomyelitis is not encountered in the Western countries, it is still endemic in the underdeveloped world. Because the foot commonly is involved, an understanding of the causative factors and the available options of treatment is essential before surgical intervention. It is important to note that inadequate or improper surgical procedures potentially can lead to more disability; a well-planned approach to the foot problem, after considering the patient as a whole and understanding the principles involved, is the best option.     

Special problems in the prevention and management of pulmonary embolism

Thirty clinical cases are analyzed in an attempt to determine the relative merits of the various operations designed to prevent recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism from sources in the pelvis or legs.     

Assessing and preventing foot problems in older patients who have diabetes mellitus

The first component of prevention is patient education. The patient and those who provide care for the older diabetic must be fully informed of their problems, but understand the management process and be willing to make the lifestyle changes necessary to prevent complications. Evaluating patients to determine those diabetics who are at risk for foot problems, complication, ulceration, or potential amputation is the second component of prevention. This process must include continuing surveillance and management. Recognizing symptoms and signs of various systems with primary evaluative procedures permits the early identification of complications and secondary prevention of chronic disease. Because Medicare now provides footwear and orthotic coverage for at-risk diabetics as an adjunct to management, early screening, assessment, and detection are essential. The provision of significant patient education can then be added to complement professional education. We have attempted to provide a process for proper referral for care and management that can be employed by all health care providers involved in the evaluation of the patient who has diabetes.