通辽市蒙古族、汉族高血压和冠心病人血脂浓度分析

目的　探讨通辽市蒙古族、汉族高血压、冠心病人与健康人的血脂水平 ,为防治高血压、冠心病提供科学依据。方法　对通辽地区 4 85例健康人、35 8例高血压病人和 179例冠心病人进行血脂测定。结果　汉族健康人血清胆固醇 (TC)浓度为 (172 0 .5± 4 5 3.4 )mg·L- 1,蒙古族为 (16 33.7± 4 36 .1)mg·L- 1,两者间差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;汉族血清甘油三酯 (TG)为 (12 2 4 .8±5 31.4 )mg·L- 1,蒙古族为 (897.7± 35 6 .4 )mg·L- 1,两者间差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;汉族血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)浓度和HDL -C/TC比值分别为 ((5 76 .6± 16 7.9)mg·L- 1和 (32 .4 4±9.6 3) % ,蒙古族为 ((5 6 0 .6± 176 .9)mg·L- 1和 ((33.95± 8.84 ) % ,两者间差异均无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。蒙古族、汉族TC、TG及HDL -C浓度均与年龄正相关 (r =0 .5 4～ 0 .99,P <0 .0 1)。蒙古族、汉族高血压、冠心病人之TC、TG浓度均高于健康人 (P <0 .0 1) ,而HDL -C和HDL -C/TC比值则明显低于健康人 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　临床除测定TC、TG、HDL -C等血脂项目外 ,还应计算HDL -C/TC比值 ,作为综合评价血脂对动脉硬化影响程度的指标之一     

降脂胶囊调节血脂的研究

以血清胆固醇 ( TC)、甘油三酯 ( TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 ( HDL- C)为主要观察指标 ,观察降脂胶囊对喂饲高脂饲料大鼠的影响。结果表明 :0 .9、1.8和 3 .6g/kg.bw三个剂量降脂胶囊均使血清 TG值降低 ( P<0 .0 5 )。 1.8和3 .6g/kg.bw降脂胶囊可使血清 HDL- C值升高 ( P<0 .0 5 )     

加工前后的海狗油对大鼠血脂水平影响比较

[目的 ]分别观察摄取高脂饲料大鼠给予天然的 (未加工 )和深加工海狗油前后血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)的变化。[方法 ]分别测定天然和深加工海狗油对喂饲高脂饲料大鼠 2 8d前后血清TC、TG和HDL C值。[结果 ]天然海狗油使血清HDL C值升高 (P <0 0 5 )的同时 ,TC和TG值也升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;深加工海狗油则在血清HDL C值升高 (P <0 0 5 )的同时 ,TC和TG值均降低 (P <0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]未加工的海狗油对大鼠血脂的调节作用不完全是良性的 ,而深加工海狗油调节血脂的作用是良性的。     

四种常用植物食用油对大鼠血脂水平影响的对比试验研究

目的　观察四种常用植物食用油在高血脂症形成过程中对大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法　选取 1 0 0只大白鼠 ,根据TC含量将大白鼠随机分为 1 0组 ,每组 1 0只 ,花生油、菜籽油、大豆油、芝麻油等四种油样各分为 4g/kg和 1 6g/kg两个剂量组 ,另设一个高脂饲料组及一个基础饲料组 ;除基础饲料组外 ,其他九个组喂含有猪油的高脂饲料。样品均采用经口灌胃 (1 6g/kg组分两次灌胃 )。连续灌累 1 4天 ,1 4天后取尾血 ,测血清TC、TG、HDL -C三项指标。结果　大豆油、菜籽油、芝麻油均显示出能降低大鼠血清中的TC、TG含量 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,花生油血清中的TC、TG水平与含有猪油的高脂饲料组相似 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;血清中HDL -C含量在各组间比较差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

饮食性肥胖大鼠血清TNF-α水平探讨

目的　探讨饮食性肥胖大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF -α)水平。方法　将 30只雄性大鼠随机分成对照组和高脂组 ,分别用普通饲料和高脂饲料饲养 14周 ,然后高脂组根据体重增加程度筛选出肥胖大鼠 ,并分别检测其血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)和TNF -α水平。结果　肥胖大鼠血清TG、TC、HDL -C和TNF -α水平分别为 0 92± 0 19mmol/L ,2 0 4± 0 2 7mmol/L ,0 5 4± 0 0 8mmol/L ,2 95± 0 35ng/ml,均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,而且其血清TNF -α水平与TG显著正相关 (r =0 6 4 6 ,P =0 0 32 ) ,与HDL -C显著负相关 (r=- 0 6 83,P =0 0 2 )。结论　TNF -α可能涉及肥胖及其相关合并症的发病机制。     

多烯鱼油对高脂模型大鼠血脂水平影响的研究

[目的]研究多烯鱼油对大鼠血脂水平的影响。[方法]将雄性大鼠按血清总胆固醇（TC）水平随机分为对照组、低、中、高剂量组,喂饲高脂饲料,同时给与不同剂量的多烯鱼油灌胃45 d,结束时测TC、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平。[结果]多烯鱼油0.333 g/kg.BW和1.00 g/kg.BW剂量组可使大鼠血清TC、TG值降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]多烯鱼油具有降血脂的作用。     

首乌片对高脂大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的 :用SD大鼠测试首乌片是否有血脂调节作用。方法 :采用预防性高血脂模型法。结果 :剂量在 30、15 0、75 0mg/kgbw·d时 ,血清总胆固醇 (TC)下降 9.15 %～ 31.81% ,甘油三脂 (TG)下降 2 0 .5 %～ 33.9% ,低密度脂蛋白 (LDL -C)下降率为 2 0 .33%～ 4 5 .12 % ,中、高剂量组与高脂组比较均具有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :提示首乌片具有调节TC、TG和LDL -C作用     

纳豆激酶粗提液对小鼠实验性高脂血症的降脂作用

目的　探讨纳豆激酶粗提液对小鼠实验性高脂血症的降血脂作用。方法　实验分别用花生油和猪油造成高脂模型对照组(PE -HFD ,LA -HFD) ,每种模型分组分别添加4 %纳豆激酶粗提液和8%纳豆激酶粗提液。饲养观察2 8天后,用显色-比色法测定血清总胆固醇(TC)和血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL -C) ,并计算出HDL -C/TC值和动脉硬化指数(AI)。结果　实验中的自制高脂饲料可以成功地诱导小鼠产生高胆固醇血症及动脉硬化(P <0 . 0 1 )。添加4 %纳豆激酶粗提液组及添加8%纳豆激酶粗提液组的TC和AI均极显著低于HFD组(P <0 . 0 1 ) ,HDL -C/TC均极显著高于HFD组(P <0 . 0 1 ) ;添加4 %纳豆激酶粗提液组的HDL -C显著高于HFD组(P <0 . 0 5 ) ;添加8%纳豆激酶粗提液组的HDL -C极显著高于HFD组(P <0 . 0 1 )。且添加8%纳豆激酶粗提液的对上述四种指标的影响效果都优于4 %纳豆激酶粗提液组(P <0 . 0 1 )。结论　纳豆激酶粗提液具有良好的预防和降低血脂作用。     

葡萄籽提取物原花青素对肥胖高脂血症大鼠的作用研究

目的　观察原花素 (PC)对肥胖高脂血症体脂和血脂的影响。方法　根据大鼠体重、血脂水平进行随机分组 ,设正常对照组 ,高脂饲料对照组 ,PC低、中、高剂量组 (摄入量分别为 2 5、 10 0、 15 0mg/kgbw)。受试物每天经口灌胃给予。 6周末测定体重、肾周和睾丸周围脂肪组织重量、血清胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)。结果　PC各组与高脂对照组比较 ,大鼠体重、体脂比、血清TC、TG水平均有降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　PC有抑制肥胖高脂大鼠体脂的作用。     

甲鱼蛋粉混合物对高脂模型大鼠血脂的影响

目的　研究甲鱼蛋粉混合物 (红花油、维生素E、大蒜粉、甲鱼蛋粉 )对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用。方法　将 5 0只健康雄性SD大鼠按体重和血清胆固醇水平随机分成 5组 ,分别接受正常饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料加甲鱼蛋粉混合物 (低、中、高剂量分别为 0 5、1 5、5 0g kgBW )灌喂处理 ,7周结束 ,测定血清胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)。结果　与高脂饲料组相比 ,甲鱼蛋粉混合物能降低高脂血症大鼠TC、TG和LDL C ,其中高剂量组具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　研究结果表明甲鱼蛋粉混合物具有降低高脂血症大鼠血脂的作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.