局部皮瓣在修复外鼻小面积皮肤缺损中的应用

目的：探讨应用外鼻临近局部皮瓣修复外鼻小面积缺损的方法与临床疗效。方法：42例鼻小面积缺损（直径〈2cm）的患者分别应用外鼻局部皮瓣（鼻背瓣、鼻唇沟瓣和双叶瓣）修复。皮肤恶性肿瘤切除后缺损38例,皮肤其他良性病变4例,缺损直径1～2cm。鼻尖缺损7例采用鼻背旋转皮瓣一期修复;鼻侧部缺损30例采用鼻唇沟瓣修复,其中使用岛状鼻唇沟瓣一期修复7例,插补式皮瓣二期修复18例,滑行瓣修复5例;鼻侧上方缺损5例采用双叶瓣一期修复。结果：所有患者均修复成功,组织皮瓣全部成活。患者平均随访3个月～2年,肿瘤无复发。结论：外鼻局部皮瓣如鼻背瓣、鼻唇沟瓣和双叶瓣是修复鼻部小面积皮肤缺损的有效方法,疗效满意。     

外鼻组织缺损的修复

目的：探讨外鼻组织缺损美学修复的方法。方法：以Yotsuyanagi等的鼻部美学分区原则为基础，结合笔者的临床实践，将鼻部分为鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻背上部、鼻背下部、鼻背旁区5个美学单位，采用鼻唇沟随意皮瓣、邻近菱形瓣、额部岛状瓣、鼻唇沟逆行岛状瓣、前臂带蒂皮瓣等方法修复外鼻组织缺损。结果：术后随访3个月～5年，疗效及外形满意，无一例复发。结论：采用邻近皮瓣及前臂带蒂皮瓣可以实现外鼻组织缺损的美学修复。     

鼻中隔转门瓣与额瓣联合修复外鼻缺损

对 1995～ 1997年的 4例鼻前庭癌患者在手术切除后行中隔转门瓣与旁正中额瓣联合修复外鼻缺损。患者平均年龄为 72岁。其中 2例患者为放疗后复发 ,另外 2例单纯行外科手术。所有患者均行鼻外侧壁及鼻翼切除。局部缺损较大。但中隔均未受破坏。肿瘤切除彻底后“U”型全层切开中隔 ,蒂在顶部 ,形成一转门瓣 ,转向被切除之鼻背 ,瓣的大小与缺损部相适应。切取中隔时注意保留近鼻小柱侧中隔以免导致鼻尖塌陷。根据鼻外侧壁缺损的大小设计相应的额旁正中瓣。皮瓣长度以缺损远端为准 ,蒂部宽度不小于 1.5 cm,额瓣的体部从筋膜下掀起 ,额瓣的蒂部…     

外鼻基底细胞癌切除及缺损一期修复

目的 探讨外鼻基底细胞癌的手术及术后一期修复的方法.方法 2002年1月至2010年6月,手术治疗外鼻基底细胞癌62例,采用Mohs手术多个方向切缘的病理以确保彻底切除后,其缺损包括一侧鼻翼外侧部分软组织缺损、鼻翼游离缘缺损、鼻翼完全缺损、鼻尖软组织缺损、鼻翼鼻尖缺损、鼻背缺损,依据外鼻缺损及肿瘤侵犯程度的不同,采用不同的皮瓣,以鼻翼沟、鼻唇沟为中心,应用推进皮瓣、鼻唇沟软组织蒂岛状皮瓣、鼻唇沟返折皮瓣、额部轴型皮瓣、游离耳廓复合软组织瓣等方式一期修复.结果 62例患者中2例皮瓣术后完全坏死,1例皮瓣大部坏死,只有上缘小部分成活,2例出现边缘部分坏死,2例出现周边部分表皮脱落.其余55例皮瓣成活,所有成活皮瓣外形满意,1例有明显鼻塞,其余鼻腔通气功能良好.随访半年至8年未见肿瘤复发.结论 外鼻基底细胞癌采用Mohs手术多个方向切缘的病理以确保切除彻底,术后依据缺损部位及程度应用各种皮瓣,特别是邻近带蒂皮瓣,一期修复外鼻缺损,成活率高,外形整复效果良好.     

鼻尖和鼻背部软组织缺损两种修复方式的临床比较研究

目的 比较分析鼻背皮瓣与全厚游离皮片修复鼻尖鼻背部软组织缺损的临床适应症及其优缺点.方法 1997年7月至2009年2月在我科因“鼻尖鼻背软组织缺损”而治疗的患者28例,应用鼻背瓣(皮瓣组)修复11例,全厚游离皮片(皮片组)修复17例,分析其适应症及其优缺点.结果 皮瓣组以鼻部痣、基底细胞癌切除后的缺损病例为主,占81.8％(9/11),老龄居多,皮肤缺损多在20mm以下,占81.8％(9/11).皮片组以外伤后软组织缺损为主,占76.5％(13/17),中青年多见,皮肤缺损多在20mm以上,占94.1％(16/17).两组患者术后愈合色泽和平整度方面的差异有统计学意义(p=0.0071和p=0.0068),患者自评结果差异也具有统计学意义(p=0.0180).结论 由于鼻上部区域皮肤移动性较好,鼻背瓣适用于缺损直径在20mm以内的鼻尖鼻背部软组织缺损,修复效果优于全厚游离皮片.     

面部蝶形皮瓣修复鼻部组织缺损

1985～1997年，我们利用面部蝶形皮瓣修复鼻推大部皮肤及部分鼻背软骨、鼻翼等组织缺损6例，效果满意。同时消除眼袋，拉紧面部皮肤，减少面部皱纹，改善面容。报告如下。互间乐资料6例患者的临床资料如附表。2手术方法先用涤纶布依缺损皮肤大小剪成布样，从中线将其叠成两半，消毒备用。麻醉：眶下孔阻滞麻醉及局部浸润麻醉。切口：单纯鼻部皮肤缺损如图1；伴鼻翼缺损如图2。沿鼻雄残存皮肤两侧线向外，按事先剪好的涤纶布样切开皮肤全层，皮瓣蒂留在上方。每侧皮瓣最大宽度为3．0～3．5cm，相当于一例鼻背的宽度。沿皮下分离两侧皮瓣，将…     

鼻尖鼻背缺损延期局部皮瓣修复的疗效观察

目的 探讨鼻部急诊外伤病例中鼻尖鼻背部缺损延期局部皮瓣修复的临床疗效及应用推广的可能性。 方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科于2011年1月至2014年1月急诊收治的鼻尖鼻背部皮肤及皮下、肌肉组织、软骨层部分缺如的8例外伤患者的临床资料。其中男7例,女1例。纯鼻尖缺损3例、单纯鼻背缺损2例、鼻尖合并鼻背缺损3例。所有病例均先在急诊行清创止血初步处理,并入院接受局部换药及全身应用抗生素治疗1~3 d,然后在全麻下行缺损区局部皮瓣转移修复以及重建鼻部外形的手术治疗。 结果 所有患者随访6个月~2年。8例患者术后皮瓣全部存活。所有患者无局部感染或者坏死的发生。对于近期和远期的鼻部外形,或者鼻腔的通畅程度上,患者及手术医生主观评定均较满意。患者的生活及社交能力均未受到明显损失。 结论 对于外伤所致鼻尖鼻背缺损的患者,选择性地给予清创换药和抗炎数日处理后再延期全麻下行局部皮瓣修复是可行且有效的。同时经过局部一定时期的换药后患者接受手术的耐受力较好。     

滑行皮瓣修复鼻背中线皮样囊肿伴瘘管1例

患儿 ,男 ,2岁。因鼻根部瘘管反复感染 2年 ,于 2 0 0 0年 1 1月 8日入院。检查可见鼻尖约 0 .2ｃｍ大小瘘管 ,鼻根部约 1 .2ｃｍ× 0 .8ｃｍ大小炎性肉芽 ,诊断为先天性鼻背中线皮样囊肿伴瘘管。 1 1月 1 0日在全麻下行外鼻瘘管切除加外鼻整形术。术中见瘘管自鼻尖经皮下、鼻根进入鼻骨并形成骨性瘘道约 0 .5ｃｍ× 0 .4ｃｍ ,深约 2 .0ｃｍ ,与鼻顶、筛窦相通。病灶切除后 ,鼻根部形成约 2ｃｍ× 1ｃｍ大小缺损 ,即行鼻眉部滑行皮瓣修复。沿缺损创缘自上方眉间平行切口 ,双眉弓内侧与鼻根间行 1 .0ｃｍ× 1 .2ｃｍ× 0 .8ｃｍ三角形皮肤切…     

额瓣联合鼻唇沟瓣一期修复鼻翼全层缺损

目的 探讨联合应用岛状额瓣和鼻唇沟瓣一期修复鼻翼大面积全层缺损的方法和疗效.方法 回顾性分析4例应用该方法行全层缺损修复患者的临床及随访资料.患者均为男性,62～76岁,平均64岁.皮肤恶性肿瘤切除后缺损3例,外伤性缺损1例.缺损直径平均达3.3 cm(2.5 cm ～4.5 cm).缺损累及两个外鼻亚单位1例,3个亚单位1例,4个亚单位2例.手术首先采用梨状孔边缘,鼻唇沟处皮下组织为蒂的梯形皮瓣向鼻腔内翻入修复衬里;再以该瓣外侧的三角瓣向内滑行修复梯形瓣遗留的缺损;接下来以滑车上动脉及伴行的内眦动脉丛为蒂的岛状额瓣经眉间皮下隧道覆盖鼻部皮肤缺损.结果 全部缺损一期修复成功,组织瓣全部成活,无坏死.1例患者术后半年随访时鼻孔略狭窄,有轻度鼻塞.随访6个月至3年,肿瘤无复发.结论 以皮下组织为蒂的岛状额瓣联合鼻唇沟瓣是一期修复鼻翼大面积全层缺损安全可靠的方法.     

应用额部扩张皮瓣行全鼻再造术

我们自 1991年 9月～ 1999年 5月应用额部皮肤软组织扩张法[1] 行全鼻再造术 2 6例 ,效果满意。一、临床资料2 6例中动物咬伤后鼻缺损 4例 ,烧伤后鼻缺损 2 0例 ,先天性色素痣 2例。鼻缺损范围鼻尖鼻翼到鼻背皮肤组织从大部到全部缺损 ,均行全鼻再造术。男2 1例 ,女 5例。年龄 14～ 35岁。手术分2、3次完成 :①额部皮肤扩张器置入 ,注水期平均 6周 ;②设计 1侧滑车上血管为蒂的额部斜行皮瓣行全鼻再造术 ;③皮瓣断蒂或再造鼻局部修整。约 8～ 9周完成治疗。额部供区创面利用扩张皮瓣直接缝合。额部扩张皮瓣转移后全部成活 ,再造鼻外观良好。…     

邻位皮瓣修复鼻部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后缺损

目的介绍鼻部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后缺损的美容性修复方法。方法根据缺损大小、形状、部位及周围皮肤情况,选择相应邻位皮瓣修复鼻部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后缺损37例,其中基底细胞癌25例,鳞状细胞癌12例。肿瘤切除术后鼻部缺损面积0.8 cm×0.8 cm至5.0 cm×4.0 cm。皮瓣来源于菱形皮瓣9例,鼻唇沟皮瓣15例,皮下蒂皮瓣13例,供瓣区缺损直接拉拢缝合。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合,术后31例患者获随访1～18个月,鼻外形良好,恶性肿瘤无复发。结论应用颜色、质地相匹配的邻位皮瓣修复鼻部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除术后缺损,在治疗疾病同时,又获得了满意的美容效果。     

外鼻肿瘤术后局部皮肤缺损Ⅰ期皮瓣修复的两种方法

摘要：目的探讨在外鼻肿瘤术后局部皮肤缺损中Ⅰ期皮瓣修复的两种方法,而尖端折叠鼻唇皮瓣修补与眉间跨鼻双瓣修补,分析其临床疗效。方法回顾性分析外鼻肿瘤切除术后,根据不同缺损部位选择不同的Ⅰ期修复方法。鼻翼及鼻背缺损用尖端折叠带蒂鼻唇沟皮瓣修复方法(9例),眉间缺损选择跨鼻皮瓣修复方法（6例）。 结果15例患者术后随访3个月到1年,鼻部及周围皮肤无明显畸形,皮瓣均成活,血运好,皮瓣色泽红润、大小匹配,无明显瘢痕形成。结论外鼻肿瘤切除后不同区域选择不同的修复方法,重建鼻部基本轮廓,保持鼻部及面部外形及结构的完整性,提高美学效果、患者对手术的满意度及术后的生活质量。     

Reconstruction of nasal cutaneous defects in Asians

Objectives

Proper selection of reconstruction method is the key point to get a successful result in nasal reconstruction. The purposes of this study are to report the author's experience and to present a surgical algorithm in reconstruction of the nasal defects in Asian.

Methods

Retrospective medical record analysis was performed for 40 patients who underwent nasal reconstruction between March 1996 and February 2006 at a tertiary referral hospital. Male to female ratio was 24:16, average age was 56 years, and average follow-up period was 25 months. Etiology, location, size, reconstruction method and surgical results were analyzed.

Results

Majority of the defects (36/40) resulted from resection of a neoplasm. Among tumors, basal cell carcinoma accounted for 75% (27/36) followed by squamous cell carcinoma 8% (3/36). The defect was located in the dorsum in 11 cases, lateral wall in 9, ala in 8, tip in 4, and involved more than two sites in 8. In 2/3 of the cases, the defect size was less than 2 cm. Local flap was used in 29 cases, primary closure in 6 cases, and skin graft in 5 cases. Among local flaps, nasolabial flap was useful for defects of the ala and multiple subunits while large nasal tip defects needed forehead flap. Transposition flaps were used for the small to medium sized defects of the nasal sidewall or dorsum. Reinforcement cartilage graft was used in 9 cases. Second stage refinement procedure was performed in 2 patients. Partial necrosis resulted in 2 cases but none ended up in total loss.

Conclusions

A local flap is the most versatile method for reconstruction of cutaneous defects of the Asian nose. The site and size of the defect are key considerations in choosing the local flap. Asian skin characteristics influence the design, execution, and the outcomes of the local flap.     

Plastic surgery indications for the repair of nasal tip and nasal alae defects

Analyze methods of reconstruction of non-transfixing and transfixing loss of substance of the nasal tip and nasal ala. We would like to share the attitude guiding our selecting of the different methods to rehabilitate this mobile and functional portion of the nose. We retrospectively studied 32 cases of defects of the tip and ala treated between 2007 and 2009. There were 26 basal cell carcinomas, 5 squamous cell carcinomas and 1 melanoma. The minimum postoperative follow-up was one year. For reconstruction we used local flaps: medial dorsal flap, bilobed flap, transverse island flap and regional flaps: fronto-glabellar flap, forehead flap, nasolabial flap. In this study we analyzed the aesthetic and functional result achieved at the nasal orifice. We also studied the histopathological reports regarding safety tissue margins, both in depth and peripherally. Most of the defects of the tip and the alae of less than 1 cm were repaired by local flaps; bilobed or transverse island flaps. For the median region, the Rintala mid-dorsal flap appears to give better results. Tissue losses greater than 1 cm often required the use of a fronto-glabellar flap that allowed delivery of more tissue with less scarring at the donor site. The nasolabial flap may have the disadvantage of removing the crease and sometimes a certain thickness at the arc of rotation, which might require further thinning at a later stage. For transfixing loss of substance, we must repair all the layers: skin, cartilage and mucosa. The forehead flap with respect to the principles of the aesthetic subunits of the nose is the flap of choice. We stress on the importance of ample resection with adequate safety margins peripherally and in depth.     

Nasalis myocutaneous flap for nasal reconstruction

Eight patients underwent reconstruction of the nasal supratip using nasalis myocutaneous flaps. This flap's blood supply is an axial blood supply from the nasalis muscle. The muscle originates from the piriform aperature and stretches out into an aponeurosis that attaches into the dermis in the nasal supratip and tip areas. Tumor defects 1 to 2 cm in diameter have been reconstructed using this versatile flap. I have been very impressed with natural alar contour, skin texture, and color matching using these flaps. The nasalis myocutaneous flap can be advanced up to 1.5 cm and can be used for lateral nasal wall and central nasal tip defects.     

外鼻恶性肿瘤的精准切除及缺损修复

目的:探讨精准切除外鼻恶性肿瘤以及准确评估、合理修复组织缺损的方法。方法:回顾性分析解放军联勤保障部队第九八〇医院2010年1月至2020年6月期间收治的48例外鼻恶性肿瘤患者,其中男性28例,女性20例,年龄36~86岁。肿瘤病理类型包括基底细胞癌29例,鳞状细胞癌11例,外毛根鞘癌6例,腺样囊性癌1例,非霍奇金淋巴...     

Prinzipien der Deckung von Nasendefekten

The repair of nasal defects is a frequent challenge to facial plastic surgeons, mainly due to the high frequency of basal cell carcinomas. In general, small defects of up to 1 cm in diameter may be closed directly, whereas larger defects of up to 2.5 cm require the use of local flaps. For more extended defects, regional flaps such as the paramedian forehead flap are the method of choice. These rules have to be modified for the nasal tip, the alar region, the columella and the vestibulum where free skin grafts and auricular composite grafts have to be considered. In order to achieve pleasing aesthetic results, the aesthetic subunits of the nose have to be respected in each situation.     

外鼻部分缺损的鼻唇沟瓣分区修复方式

鼻唇沟皮瓣是常用的局部皮瓣修复方法,可用于修复外鼻缺损。通过选择鼻唇沟区皮肤作为修复材料,可以获得较为满意的面部形态和美学效果,因为该区域的皮肤与邻近的外鼻皮肤在色泽、质地和类型上相似。鼻唇沟皮瓣的分区修复方式包括鼻唇沟推进瓣、易位瓣、折叠瓣、瓦合瓣、岛状瓣和双瓣等。在修复鼻侧面或鼻翼缺损时,根据创面大小可选择推进瓣、易位瓣、瓦合瓣或岛状瓣等方法;针对鼻翼及前鼻孔等部位的洞穿型缺损,可选择鼻唇沟折叠瓣及瓦合瓣;针对鼻下部的组织缺损,可选择鼻唇沟双瓣进行修复。在选择适合的鼻唇沟瓣类型和分区修复方式时,术者需要综合考虑多个因素,包括缺损程度和位置、血供情况、组织可塑性以及术后外观和功能要求等。