双胎妊娠辅助生殖技术出生新生儿临床分析

目的比较体外受精(IVF)或冷冻胚胎(IVF-ET)术后出生的双胎新生儿与自然受孕双胎新生儿的健康状况,以了解第一代辅助生殖技术的安全性。方法观察2001年11月至2005年11月间在中国福利会国际和平妇幼保健院出生的176例体外受精(IVF)或冷冻胚胎(IVF-ET)术后出生的双胎妊娠儿与同期出生的198例自然受孕双胎儿在新生儿期的健康状况,比较两组母亲产前孕期情况及其新生儿的胎龄、体重、身长、Apgar评分、畸形发生率和新生儿并发症。结果IVF组与自然妊娠组母亲孕期并发症差异无显著性。两组新生儿在胎龄、出生体重和身长方面差异均无显著性,在出生时窒息发生率、畸形发生率、新生儿并发症发生率方面差异均无显著性。结论体外受精(IVF)或冷冻胚胎(IVF-ET)术后出生的双胎新生儿与自然受孕双胎新生儿的健康状况无差异,第一代辅助生殖技术出生的新生儿是安全的。     

试管婴儿(IVF-ET)新生儿期情况分析

目的前瞻性对体外授精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)技术受孕出生的新生儿进行评估,探讨实施IVF-ET技术出生新生儿的安全性.方法从自2000年10月～2004年12月在本院接受IVF-ET治疗后受孕181例孕妇进行前瞻性追踪观察,将其分娩的新生儿254个作为观察组,本院产科自然妊娠分娩的新生儿1205个作为对照组,对两组单胎和总体新生儿胎龄、出生体重、Apgar评分、高胆红素血症、新生儿窒息、新生儿死亡及新生儿畸形发病率的进行观察比较.结果单胎新生儿的出生体重、Apgar评分、新生儿死亡率及新生儿畸形率与对照组无差异性(P＞0.05);单胎新生儿窒息率观察组低于对照组,两组比较有显著差异性(P＜0.05).两组总体比较新生儿畸形、新生儿窒息率、新生儿死亡率无差异性(P＞0.05),而新生儿低体重出生率、高胆红素血症、住院治疗时间,观察组明显高于对照组,两组比较有极显著差异性(P＜0.01);而Apgar评分观察组低于对照组两者比较有差异性(P＜0.05).结论 IVF-ET技术不增加新生儿畸形和围产期死亡率;多胎是IVF-ET技术主要并发症,是早产和低体重出生儿、高胆红素血症、新生儿窒息等新生儿不良结局的主要原因.     

早产儿胃肠喂养的临床研究

目的探讨早产低体重儿胃肠喂养的体重增长及喂养并发症.方法将出生24h内入院、住院时间≥10天、无喂养禁忌症的早产儿按体重≤2000g或＞2000g分为A组和B组,分别予早产儿配方奶及标准Ⅰ期婴儿配方奶以最大限度的胃肠喂养,比较两组的早期体重下降、平均体重增长和胃肠耐受性.结果两组早期体重下降数(85.7%vs 80.9%)、最大体重下降值(7±4.8%vs 5.5±3.9%)、体重下降＞10%者(17.9%vs 6.4%)均无统计学差异(P均＞0.05);两组晚发性酸中毒发生率(14.3%vs 6.4%)及1～4w胃肠不耐受发生率亦无统计学差异(P均＞0.05);A组第2w后、B组第3w后的平均体重增长均＞10g/(kg.d).结论选择合适的奶方和喂养措施,可以使早产低体重儿达到较好的体重增长.     

妊娠晚期孕妇下生殖道支原体感染及分娩结局分析

目的回顾性分析230例妊娠晚期孕妇下生殖道支原体感染及分娩结局分析。方法用支原体培养、鉴别试剂对230例妊娠晚期29～42周孕妇的宫颈阴道分泌物进行支原体检测,同时临床观察其妊娠结局。结果宫颈阴道分泌支原体阳性率为66.5%,阴性率33.5%。两组比较：胎儿宫内窘迫、胎膜早破、早产、出生低体重儿、低Apgar评分（1分钟）、阴道杂菌等的发生率无显著性差异（P〈0.05）,新生儿感染发生率有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠晚期孕妇下生殖道支原体感染及其分娩结局分析,阳性组发病率与阴性组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）,因此,认为妊娠中、晚期进行支原体检查,以减少感染,有利于提高围生期保健质量,     

重度子痫前期不同发病孕周对围产儿结局的影响

目的探讨重度子痫前期不同发病孕周与围产儿结局的关系。方法对我院112例重度子痫前期患者以孕34周发病时间为界，分为早发型和晚发型两组，即A组孕妇55例，新生儿59例，B组孕妇57例，新生儿62例，对两组孕妇及分娩新生儿的一般临床资料，新生儿疾病的发生情况及围产结局进行分析比较。结果（1）两组孕妇分娩孕周及早产发生率的比较，有显著统计学差异（P〈0．01）。（2）两组新生儿出生时的平均胎龄、平均出生体重、平均身长进行统计学比较，有显著差异（P〈0．01）。A组新生儿中低出生体重儿41例（发生率69．49％），B组17例（发生率27．42％），两组统计学比较有显著差异（P〈0．叭）。A组中小于胎龄儿（SGA）11例（18．64％），适于胎龄儿（AGA）46例（77、97％），大于胎龄儿（LGA）2例（3．39％），B组新生儿中SGA14侈4（22。58％），AGA40例（65．57％），LGA8例（12．90％），两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（3）两组新生儿先天畸形，新生儿窒息，呼吸系统疾病，酸中毒及糖代谢混乱的发病率比较，均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。其他各种疾病的发病率比较，无统计学意义。（4）比较两组孕妇妊娠不良结局的发生率，则早发型组为6例，晚发型组为0，两组比较有统计学差异（P值为0．012）。结论重度子痫前期患者的发病孕周直接影响围产结局，且早发型重度子痫前期孕妇早产儿、低体重儿的发生率明显增加，相关新生儿疾病（如RDS、新生儿窒息等）的发病率也明显增加，但SGA及红细胞增多症等疾病的发生率与发病孕周无关。     

基础血红蛋白水平对极低和超低出生体重早产儿治疗结局的影响

目的探讨基础血红蛋白水平对极低/超低出生体重早产儿治疗结局的影响。方法将符合条件的66例极低/超低出生体重早产儿分成低Hb组(Hb≤164g/L)32例和高Hb组(Hb≥165g/L)34例,比较两组患儿常见并发症的发生率及死亡率有无差异;并比较两组患儿喂养及体重增长相关指标、需氧时间、住院天数、输血次数有无差异。结果低Hb组呼吸暂停、喂养不耐受的发生率高于高Hb组(P0.05);其他常见并发症发生率无显著差异(P0.05);两组死亡率无显著差异(P0.05);低Hb组恢复至出生体重的时间、达全胃肠道营养的时间晚于高Hb组(P0.05);低Hb组平均每日体重增长低于高Hb组(P0.05);低Hb组住院天数长于高Hb组(P0.05);低Hb组输血次数显著多于高Hb组(P0.01);两组需氧时间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论基础血红蛋白水平影响到极低/超低出生体重早产儿的治疗结局,基础血红蛋白较高的早产儿喂养较顺利、体重增长较快、输血次数较少、呼吸暂停和喂养不耐受的发生率较低,可较早达出院标准。     

辅助生育技术与自然受孕双胎妊娠结局的临床分析

目的探讨辅助生育技术与自然受孕两种不同方式双胎妊娠的临床结局。方法回顾性分析我院2005年-2008年7月分娩的143例辅助生育技术受孕双胎孕妇（ART组）和108例自然受孕双胎孕妇（对照组）的孕期合并症、分娩方式及围产儿儿结局。结果（1）ART组孕妇平均年龄（33．1±4．0）岁,对照组为（28．2±4．0）岁,两组比较差异有极显著性（P〈0．001）。（2）不良孕产史发生率ART组高于对照组（13．7％vs3．7％）,差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）;初次产检孕周,ART组为（13．1±5．4）周,对照组为（17．4±6．9）周,ART组的孕期产检次数为（8．2±2．8）次,对照组为（6．7±3．1）,均有极显著性差异（P≤0．001）。（3）ART组分娩孕周为（35．1±2．1）周,对照组为（34．4±2．4）周,ART组34周及以上分娩率高于对照组（P〈0．05）;妊娠期高血压疾病的发生率ART组低于对照组。（4）ART组新生儿平均出生体重（2394．3±38．04）g,对照组为（2184．9±53．20）g,差异有极显著性（P=0．001）。ART组极低出生体重儿发生率低于对照组。新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡率、一胎胎死宫内、先天性畸形的发生率,两组均无显著差异。结论ART助孕双胎孕妇更加重视孕期保健,分娩孕周延长,妊娠期高血压疾病的发生率较低,ART助孕组单卵双胎的比例较低．围产儿结局与自然爱孕双胎相似．     

早产儿／低出生体重儿和足月儿配方粉对住院早产儿生长发育影响的多中心对照研究

目的研究不同组成成分的配方粉对胎龄〈34周和（或）出生体重〈2000g的住院早产儿早期生长发育的影响,并对早产儿的喂养提出建议。方法受试对象为上海市3家医院住院的胎龄〈34周或出生体重〈2000g的早产儿。分为两组,分别应用Ⅰ号（早产Ⅰ组）和Ⅱ号（早产Ⅱ组）配方粉进行喂养。研究采用严格的盲法,试验设计者不参与试验实施,数据整理者为独立的第3方人员,参与试验的医生和患儿家长对两种配方粉的具体组成成分均不知情。Ⅰ号为适于早产儿的优博早产儿／低出生体重儿配方粉,Ⅱ号为足月儿或胎龄〉34周早产儿的优博标准婴儿配粉。结果2007年7月至2008年6月,早产Ⅰ组117例,早产Ⅱ组106例进入分析。早产Ⅰ组体重、身长和头围的生长速度均显著快于早产Ⅱ组。试验期间早产Ⅰ组和早产Ⅱ组的平均体重增加速度分别为12．6g·kg^-1·d^-1和10．6g·kg^-1·d^-1（P〈0．001）,头围每周增长分别为0．86cm和0．80cm（P〈0．05）,身长每周增长分别为0．73cm和0．67cm（P〈0．05）;按生理性体重下降恢复后计算,早产Ⅰ组和早产Ⅱ组的平均体重增加速度分别为16．2g·kg^-1·d^-1和14．1g·kg^-1·d^-1（P〈0．001）,头围每周增长分别为0．96cm和0．87cm（P〈0．05）,身长增长分别为1．08cm和0．99cm（P〈0．05）。早产Ⅰ组的宫外发育迟缓（EUGR）发生率（57．3％）低于早产Ⅱ组（72．5％）（P〈0．05）。结论在胎龄〈34周或出生体重〈2000g的早产儿中,应用优博早产儿／低出生体重儿配方粉喂养对早产儿生长发育的影响明显优于优博标准婴儿配方粉,其体重、身长和头围的生长速度都能够达到理想的宫内生长速度,也可明显降低EUGR的发生率。     

双胎妊娠围生儿预后相关因素分析

目的　探讨双胎妊娠新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡的相关因素。方法　回顾分析 2 5 5例双胎妊娠新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡与孕周、新生儿体重、分娩方式的关系。结果　双胎妊娠孕 37～ 39+ 6w组Apgar评分最高、新生儿窒息率最低 ,≥ 2 5 0 0g组Apgar评分最高 ,新生儿窒息率、围生儿死亡率最低。孕周、新生儿体重 4组比较差异均有非常显著性(P <0 0 1)。剖宫产组比阴道分娩组Apgar评分高 ,新生儿窒息率、围生儿死亡率均低 ,2组比较Apgar评分、围生儿死亡率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。 2组比较新生儿窒息率差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　双胎妊娠估计每个胎儿体重≥ 2 5 0 0g时 ,宜选择 37～ 39+ 6w终止妊娠为宜。加强孕期、围生期保健 ,积极防治各种并发症 ,适当放宽剖宫产指征 ,避免早产 ,减少低体重儿出生 ,是降低双胎围生儿死亡率、改善其预后的重要措施。     

戊二酸尿症一例报告

病例：患儿，女，35d，以“生活能力低下10min”收入院。患儿系孕2产232w，因母妊高征，先兆子痫剖宫产出生，出生体重1350g，Apgar评分1min评7分（肌张力、心率、呼吸各减1分）。入院查体：早产儿貌，呼吸平稳，心肺腹无异常，肝肋下1cm，脾下未及。入院诊断：早产儿，极低出生体重儿。     

Prognosis of neonates in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus

PURPOSE: The effects of maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on neonatal prognosis were examined by comparing clinical features of full-term babies born to lupus mothers and age- and parity-matched controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2005, 39 singletons were born to 37 SLE women. Excluding 11 cases of prematurity and preeclampsia, 28 full-term neonates formed the lupus group. The control group included 66 full-term babies. The retrospective study examined medical records and compared gestational age, birth weight, days of hospital stay, small for gestational age (SGA) frequency, Apgar scores < 7, and parity. Lupus neonates were tested for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and platelet count, and electrocardiogram was performed. RESULTS: Average gestational age (38 vs. 39 weeks, p < 0.05) and birth weight (2,775 vs. 3,263g, p < 0.05) were significantly different between the SLE and control groups. SGA frequency was higher in the SLE group (25% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in Apgar score, birth weight, gestational age, SGA frequency, and platelet count between lupus subgroups formed based on anti-dsDNA antibody levels and antiphospholipid antibody status. CONCLUSION: The association of maternal ANAs, antiphospholipid antibodies, and drug history with neonatal prognosis could not be elucidated. However, even in uncomplicated pregnancies, maternal lupus is disadvantageous for gestational age, birth weight, and SGA frequency.     

Abnormal placental cord insertion may induce intrauterine growth restriction in IVF-twin pregnancies

BACKGROUND: This study determined whether twins conceived through assisted reproduction technology (ART) have an increased risk of perinatal complications compared with natural twin pregnancies and investigated potential associated major risk factors. METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 199 twins born between 1994 and 2003. There were four groups according to conception modalities: 97 twins after spontaneous pregnancy, 24 after induced ovulation, 28 after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and 50 after IVF with embryo transfer. Analysis included preterm birth, Caesarean delivery, weight discordance, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low-birth-weight, Apgar score, chorionicity, gross placental pathology and placental umbilical cord insertion (UCI) site. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in IUGR between the IVF group (7.0%) and spontaneous pregnancy group (14.9%). When maternal age was >30 years there was a 2.86-fold increase in the risk of IUGR. There was a 3.69-fold increased risk of IUGR in the presence of abnormal UCI (odds ratio 3.69, 95% CI 1.62-8.42) and a 2.18-fold increased risk of abnormal UCI in monochorionic twins when compared with dichorionic twins (odds ratio 2.18, 95% CI 1.30-3.66). CONCLUSION: Twins conceived through ART are not at an increased risk of perinatal complications. A relationship has been found between abnormal UCI and IUGR.     

Outcome and follow-up of children born after IVF-surrogacy

This study addresses various outcomes and follow-up of children born after IVF-surrogacy. Recent reports on perinatal outcome after IVF-surrogacy and on data generated by the Society of Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) Registry between 1991 and 1995 were examined. A review of recently published perinatal outcomes of children born after IVF-surrogacy, including the developmental information of 110 children after the first 2 years of life, was undertaken. The birth weights for singleton pregnancies following IVF-surrogacy and IVF were similar, whereas the birth weights of twins and triplets born from the IVF-surrogates were significantly heavier than those delivered from conventional IVF patients. Preterm delivery was increased in twin and triplet gestations in all segments analysed. The incidence of low birth weight was significantly lower in children born after IVF surrogacy than in those born after IVF, for all births recorded. The incidence of congenital abnormalities following IVF and IVF-surrogacy was within the expected range for spontaneous conceptions. Speech delays were predominant in the multiple births, but neither speech nor motor delays persisted at 2 years of age in children born after IVF-surrogacy. These findings would imply that a gestational carrier would provide potential environmental benefits for the infant.     

Obstetric and perinatal outcome of children conceived from cryopreserved embryos

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the obstetric and neonatal outcome of children conceived from cryopreserved embryos. The medical records of 270 infants (163 singletons, 98 twins and nine triplets) were reviewed and compared with two control populations of children born after in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with fresh embryos and children born after spontaneous pregnancies. The controls were matched according to maternal age, parity, plurality and date of delivery. In the cryopreserved group the gestational age at delivery for singletons was 279 +/- 13 days with birthweight 3476 +/- 616 g; for twins gestational age was 257 +/- 19 days with birthweight 2574 +/- 560 g; for triplets gestational age was 228 +/- 3 days with birthweight 1752 +/- 183 g. The incidence of preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) was 5.6% for singletons, 44.9% for twins and 100% for triplets. Seven children had major malformations (2.7%) and perinatal mortality occurred in two children (8/1000). Gestational age at delivery, birthweight, the incidence of malformations and the perinatal mortality were comparable with the two control groups both for singletons and twins. Significantly more singletons in the cryopreserved group were delivered by Caesarean section compared with the spontaneous group. The number of infants with low Apgar score (< 7 at 5 min) and the number of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units were similar in the cryopreserved and spontaneous groups. In conclusion, the cryopreservation process did not seem to adversely influence fetal development and no increased perinatal risk was found.      

Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants

BACKGROUND: At any given gestational age, infants with low birth weight have relatively high morbidity and mortality. It is not known, however, whether there is a threshold weight below which morbidity and mortality are significantly greater, or whether that threshold varies with gestational age. METHODS: We analyzed the neonatal outcomes of death, five-minute Apgar score, umbilical-artery blood pH, and morbidity due to prematurity for all singleton infants delivered at Parkland Hospital, Dallas, between January 1, 1988, and August 31, 1996. A distribution of birth weights according to week of gestation at birth was created. Infants in the 26th through 75th percentiles for weight served as the reference group. Data on preterm infants (those born at 24 to 36 weeks of gestation) were analyzed separately from data on infants delivered at term (37 or more weeks of gestation). RESULTS: A total of 122,754 women and adolescents delivered singleton live infants without malformations between 24 and 43 weeks of gestation. Among the 12,317 preterm infants who were analyzed, there was no specific birth-weight percentile at which morbidity and mortality increased. Among 82,361 infants who were born at term and whose birth weights were at or below the 75th percentile, however, the rate of neonatal death increased from 0.03 percent in the reference group (26th through 75th percentile for weight) to 0.3 percent for those with birth weights at or below the 3rd percentile (P<0.001). The incidence of five-minute Apgar scores of 3 or less and umbilical-artery blood pH values of 7.0 or less was approximately doubled for infants at or below the 3rd birth-weight percentile (P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). The incidence of intubation at birth, seizures during the first day of life, and sepsis was also significantly increased among term infants with birth weights at or below the 3rd percentile. These differences persisted after adjustment for the mother's race and parity and the infant's sex. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and morbidity are increased among infants born at term whose birth weights are at or below the 3rd percentile for their gestational age.     

Epidemiology of Macrosomia in Korea: Growth and Development

BackgroundMacrosomia, as an infant with birth weight over 4 kg, can have several perinatal, and neonatal complications. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of macrosomia in Korea and to identify the growth and developmental outcomes and other neonatal complications.MethodsIn total, 397,203 infants who were born in 2013 with birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg and who underwent infant health check-up between their 1^st and 7^th visit were included from the National Health Insurance Service database. The information was obtained by the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes or self-reported questionnaires in the National Health Screening Program.ResultsThe distribution of infants by birth weight was as follows: 384,181 (97%) infants in the 2.5–3.99 kg (reference) group, 12,016 (3%) infants in the 4.0–4.49 kg group, 772 (0.2%) infants in the 4.5–4.99 kg group, and 78 (0.02%) infants in the ≥ 5 kg group. Macrosomia showed significantly higher incidence of sepsis, male sex, and mothers with GDM and birth injury. There was a significant difference in weight, height, and head circumference according to age, birth weight group, and combination of age and birth weight, respectively (P < 0.001). The number of infants with the weight above the 90^th percentile in macrosomia at each health check-up showed higher incidence than in reference group. The mean body mass index significantly differed among the groups, as 50.6 in infants with 2.5–3.99 kg of birth weight, 63.5 with 4.0–4.49 kg, 71.0 with 4.5–4.99 kg, and 73.1 with ≥ 5 kg. There was a significant difference in the incidence of poor developmental results between infants with macrosomia and the reference group at 24, 36 and 48 month of age.ConclusionMacrosomia was significantly associated with the risk of sepsis, birth injury, obesity and developmental problem especially in a boy born from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. Careful monitoring and proper strategies for monitoring growth and development are needed.     

Perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a comparative study

The purpose of this study is to compare perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes (GDM) with those unaffected by GDM. A total of 1,154 twin pregnancies who delivered at Cheil General Hospital, between January 1998 and December 2002 were recruited to participate in a retrospective analysis. Out of these twin pregnancies, 37 women were had GDM. Four pregnancies exposed to GDM were excluded due to the loss of medical records; therefore 33 twin pregnancies exposed to GDM were enrolled. We matched the GDM pregnancies with pregnancies unaffected by GDM in a 1:2 ratio; therefore there were 33 GDM/66 without GDM who delivered during the study period. Our findings show that there were no significant differences including birth weight, Apgar score, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration pneumonia, transient tachypnea of new born, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and congenital anomalies. Therefore, well controlled GDM may not increase perinatal complications in twin pregnancies. Careful pregnancy management and fetal surveillance in twin pregnancies is important to decrease perinatal complications and maintain a sound pregnancy and healthy offspring.     

北京市丰台区2006-2010年出生缺陷监测数据分析

目的分析丰台区出生缺陷的发生情况及相关因素,探索降低出生缺陷发生的干预措施。方法对2006～2010年北京市丰台区出生缺陷监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2006～2010年出生缺陷总发生率为110.5/万,各年的出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势;按照出生缺陷病种分类,位于前3位的为多指（趾）、外耳畸形、先天性心脏病;男婴与女婴出生缺陷发生率比较具有显著性差异;母亲户籍、分娩年龄、婴儿出生体重、孕周等是出生缺陷发生的影响因素。结论做好出生缺陷监测工作,加强出生缺陷三级预防,是降低出生缺陷发生的必要措施。     

Comparative birth weights of singletons born after assisted reproduction and natural conception in previously infertile women

BACKGROUND: The possible interference of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) with epigenetic reprogramming during early embryo development has recently sparked renewed interest about the reported lower birth weight among infants born as a consequence of infertility treatments. However, the latter finding so far has relied on the comparison of the birth weight of infants conceived with ART to general population data. A more appropriate comparison group should involve pregnancies in infertile women after natural conception. Therefore, we compared neonatal birth weight data of infants born after various ART treatments, including intrauterine insemination (IUI), with those of previously infertile women achieving pregnancy after sexual intercourse. METHODS: Between August 1996 and March 2004 the data of all infertile women presenting in the infertility unit of the University Women's Hospital of Basel, Switzerland, were collected prospectively, adding up to 995 intact pregnancies and deliveries. The birth weight of all infants resulting from 741 singleton pregnancies were analysed with regard to the patients' characteristics, the occurrence of complications during pregnancy and the type of infertility treatment with which the pregnancies were achieved. RESULTS: Comparison of duration of pregnancy and birth weight of infants born after infertility treatment confirms a shorter pregnancy span and a lower mean birth weight in infants born after IVF and ICSI. If women with pregnancies after ART deliver before term, neonatal birth weight is significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS: There is a specific effect of ART, mainly IVF and ICSI, on both shortening the duration of pregnancy and lowering neonatal birth weight. Both these parameters seem to be interrelated consequences of some modification in the gestational process induced by the infertility treatment. Freezing and thawing of oocytes in the pronucleate stage had a lesser impact on pregnancy span and on neonatal birth weight.     

太原地区出生缺陷十年的回顾性分析

目的了解我院出生缺陷发生情况及分布特征,分析可能的原因.方法对1993年1月至2002年12月在我院分娩的出生缺陷儿进行分析.结果 (1)出生缺陷率为1.65%.(2)出生缺陷中以神经管畸形居多,农村畸形率高于城市;35岁以上产妇中畸形率高.(3)98年后城市出生缺陷率显著降低,而农村98年前、后出生缺陷率无显著变化.(4)出生缺陷的发生与围产儿性别无关.结论加强围产保健宣传、健全农村基层妇幼保健网和提高孕产妇保健意识是降低出生缺陷发生率的有效措施.