胸部创伤的CT检查

目的 :探讨胸部创伤的CT表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 86例胸部创伤患者CT检查资料及临床资料。结果 :CT表现为肺挫裂伤 61例 ,肺血肿 10例 ,创伤性湿肺 5例 ,肺囊肿 2例。结论 :CT能明确创伤病变的部位、性质、程度 ,为临床诊断和处理提供可靠的依据 ,是胸部创伤最重要的检查方法之一。     

肺挫裂伤的CT影像分析

<正> 胸部外伤是一种常见外伤性疾病,肺挫裂伤是胸部创伤患者死亡率升高的重要原因之一,尤其在伴有严重复合伤时,它能进一步加重创伤后全身炎性反应对肺微循环的损伤,导致呼吸功能衰竭和成人窘迫综合征,与创伤后的全身严重感染、多器官功能衰竭的发展密切相关。胸部创伤诊断主要依靠X线平片与CT检查,而CT检查对胸部创伤的诊     

胸部闭合性损伤的CT诊断

创伤占我国城市居民死亡原因的第五位。外伤后准确而迅速地作出诊断对及时救治至关重要。尽管平片对危及生命的胸部创伤快速诊断是必要的,但随着影像设备的不断更新和发展,螺旋CT及多层螺旋CT的问世,对胸部闭合性损伤,特别是肺实质损伤,CT是不可缺少的检查方法。笔者着重对108例胸部闭合性肺实质损伤CT检查作回顾性分析,从而进一步提高CT在胸部闭合性肺实质损伤检查中的重要性及正确诊断率,有助于临床及时抢救和治疗,减少死亡率。     

X线平片和CT扫描对胸部创伤的诊断价值

目的：探讨X线平片和CT对胸部创伤的临床诊断价值。方法：总结分析386例严重胸部创伤患者的影像检查,以临床诊断和影像复查为金标准,对X线平片与CT对胸部创伤的诊断价值进行对比分析。结果：386例中,胸壁骨折328例,气胸82例,血胸98例,血气胸136例,肺挫伤265例,肺撕裂伤150例,肺不张75例,支气管损伤11例,胸主动脉损伤8例,纵隔血肿9例,心包心脏损伤12例,膈肌损伤17例,创伤后呼吸窘迫综合症（ARDS）52例。X线平片分别漏诊22,22,20,22,133,72,36,4,6,9,11,17,28例,CT除17例肋骨骨折外均准确诊断。结论：X线和CT联合检查能够明确胸部创伤病变的部位、性质、程度,为临床提供可靠诊断,可监测病情演变,评价治疗效果。     

高频超声与另外三种影像学检查方法诊断肋骨及肋软骨骨折的对比分析

选取70例胸部创伤并行超声、胸部X线、128层胸部螺旋CT横断面扫描及CT三维容积重建(3D VR)检查的患者为研究对象,比较这四种检查方法在诊断肋骨及肋软骨骨折方面的差异,评价高频超声在肋骨骨折诊断中的影响力。认为高频超声对肋骨及肋软骨骨折诊断方面有着较高的准确性和精确性,检查方法值得推广。     

64层螺旋CT在肋骨和肋软骨骨折诊断中的应用

<正>胸部创伤中骨性胸廓的损伤非常常见,而检查方法以普通正斜位胸片为主。但是肋骨由于其特殊的解剖结构和位置,受普通X线投照条件和角度的影响较大,且肋软骨在X线平片上不显影,因此普通X线平片在胸部创伤诊断中的应用受到很大限制。本文采用64层螺旋CT对胸部创伤患者行CT扫描,旨在探讨64层螺旋CT及其图像后处理技术对肋骨和肋软骨骨折的诊断价值。     

创伤性膈疝的影像分析

目的：分析创伤性膈疝的X线，CT表现及其诊断意义。材料和方法：回顾性分析精选9例创伤性膈疝患者及相关材料。结论：胸部创伤，是外科急诊中较常见病例，由于车祸、碰撞、打击、挤压、刺伤均可导致严重胸部复合性创伤，而外伤性膈疝，皆在此基础上，同时合并。行X线、CT检查时应注意与其它外伤性胸部创伤病变鉴别，为外科手术提供可靠的诊断依据。     

胸部创伤影像学诊断（附84例报告）

目的：探讨胸部平片及CT表现在胸部创伤中的诊断价值。方法：84例胸部创伤均行胸部平片及CT检查，8例胸部重度损伤行床旁片检查。结果：84例均有不同程度的胸廓损伤，16例气胸，23例血胸，19例血气胸，56例肺挫裂伤，14例肺撕裂伤，3例气管及支气管损伤。结论：常规胸部平片特别是近来CR及DR摄片系统应用是胸部创伤的首选方法，同时胸部平片复查病情变化以及危重病人床旁片创片是一种有效的方法，CT扫描尤其是螺旋CT扫描，对肺栓裂伤的早期诊断，气管及支气管损伤以及胸部重度损伤病人是一种更好的方法。为外科手术的成功提供更可靠的诊断依据。     

122例胸部创伤的X线平片与CT检查的对比分析

我院自1999年5月—2003年9月，因胸部创伤采用X线平片和CT检查共122例。为提供这两种影像检查手段在胸部创伤中的诊断准确性和临床应用价值的认识，探索二者的优缺点和互补点，本文进行对比分析。     

胸部创伤救治现状

伤后数分钟到数小时内的早期救治是提高胸部创伤救治水平的关键.胸部创伤后的病理生理变化主要包括低氧血症、高碳酸血症和酸中毒.紧急情况下胸部创伤诊断与复苏同时进行,根据体征、诊断性胸腔穿刺或X 线片作出;血流动力学状况稳定时,则应全面检查避免漏诊危险的隐匿性损伤,有条件时应首选采用多层螺旋CT.胸部创伤急救应遵循高级创伤生命支持的原则,多数胸部创伤可采用临床观察、胸腔穿刺或引流、呼吸支持、止痛和介入治疗等处理治愈;小部分胸部创伤的病人在复苏阶段需行紧急手术干预.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.