体外培养人胚胎来源视网膜干细胞的诱导分化

目的 探讨培养的人胚胎来源视网膜干细胞向视网膜终末细胞分化的可能性。方法 来自16～20周人胚胎的视网膜干细胞进行无血清体外培养,并分别进行有血清条件下体外诱导和用含视网膜色素上皮的眼杯模拟体内条件诱导的观察,采用免疫荧光法检测干细胞和视网膜终末细胞表面抗原的表达,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测诱导前后细胞nestin基因在mRNA水平的表达差异。结果 从人胚胎视网膜神经感觉层分离出的视网膜干细胞,在体外诱导的条件下,可表达视网膜终末细胞标记PKCα、GFAP、Thy1,少数细胞表达nestin和MAP2;在模拟体内环境诱导后,则不仅表达上述细胞标记,而且rhodopsin和syntaxin表达阳性。实时荧光定量PcR法检测显示：诱导后细胞nestin基因表达量较诱导前细胞明显降低。结论 RPE可以促进体外培养的视网膜干细胞向视杆细胞和无长突细胞分化。(中华眼科杂志,2004,40：448-452)     

胎儿视网膜前体细胞的分离培养

目的建立视网膜前体细胞的培养方法。方法分离8~12周流产胎儿的视网膜神经上皮细胞，采用悬浮和贴壁两种方法分别进行培养和传代，取传代细胞用含5%胎牛血清的、无碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）的培养基诱导分化培养14 d，并采用免疫荧光法检测培养细胞诱导分化前后前体细胞和视网膜终末细胞标记物表达的改变。结果悬浮培养的细胞形成神经球并表达神经干细胞的标记物巢蛋白nestin，但无法成功传代扩增；贴壁培养的细胞可连续传代并表达nestin，传代细胞诱导分化后表达视网膜终末细胞的标记物胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、β微管蛋白(β-tubulin)和恢复蛋白recoverin。结论从8～12周的人胚胎视网膜神经上皮分离培养的视网膜前体细胞具有体外扩增和多分化潜能。（中华眼底病杂志，2007，23：98-100）     

应用组织块培养法对大鼠视网膜干细胞进行分离培养及鉴定

目的:应用组织块培养大鼠视网膜干细胞的有效性。方法:机械分离出生10d大鼠睫状体组织,剪成细小组织块,置入20μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、20μg/L表皮生长因子及1×B27添加剂的无血清DMEM/F12培养液中培养,同时取大鼠胚胎脑组织,应用常规机械-酶消化法进行神经干细胞的分离培养作为阳性对照。应用免疫荧光染色检测神经干细胞特异性抗原神经巢蛋白(nestin)的表达,应用含100mL/L的胎牛血清的培养基促进其分化以确定其神经干细胞特性。结果:原代培养48h后在组织块边缘开始出现细胞团,折光性强,呈球形或者桑葚状悬浮生长。培养4～5d后,悬浮生长的细胞团数量增多,出现较大的细胞团,原代培养7d后传代,传代后细胞能重新形成细胞团。应用免疫荧光方法可检测到细胞内nestin阳性表达,且视网膜干细胞可在以血清为诱导条件下变为贴壁生长,并分化出具有神经细胞形态的细胞。其形态、增殖及可分化特性与作为阳性对照的神经干细胞相似。结论:组织块培养法对细胞损伤小,操作简便,可成功对大鼠视网膜干细胞进行分离培养。     

人视网膜祖细胞和脑神经干细胞的体外培养和诱导分化研究

目的比较人视网膜祖细胞和脑神经干细胞的体外分化潜能。方法分离8-12周人胎儿神经视网膜和脑皮质、纹状体神经干细胞,进行无血清体外培养;采用光镜和免疫细胞化学或荧光免疫细胞化学染色方法,分别观察在无血清和10％胎牛血清培养条件下,两种来源的神经干细胞分化后的细胞特性。结果两种来源的神经干细胞,均能在体外有或无血清培养条件下增殖并分化。视网膜祖细胞不但表达视网膜祖细胞标志物Pax-6,也可表达神经干细胞标志物．巢蛋白（Nestin）、成熟神经元标志物-微管相关蛋白2（Map2）、星形胶质细胞标志物-胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、节细胞标志物Thy-1和视杆细胞标志物视紫红质（Rhodopsin）;脑神经干细胞也能表达这些特异性细胞标志物。血清诱导分化时,视网膜祖细胞较难贴壁,贴壁细胞球伸出少而短的突起,单个细胞形态不清;而脑神经干细胞球易贴壁并伸出较长突起交织成网,大量细胞从细胞球中沿突起徙出,单个细胞形态清晰。结论人胎儿视网膜祖细胞和脑神经干细胞体外培养均具有向神经元、胶质细胞及视网膜终末细胞分化的能力;两种干细胞在进行血清诱导分化时,细胞的贴壁、迁移能力及分化后的细胞形态均存在差异。（中华腠科杂志,2006,42：901．907）     

体外培养及诱导胚兔视网膜及脑神经干细胞分化的研究

目的 比较体外不同培养条件对视网膜及脑神经干细胞(NSCs)视紫红质的纯化能力及不同诱导条件对NSCs的诱导分化能力.方法 取胚兔视网膜及大脑皮质制备单细胞悬液,分别在5种不同培养基中进行体外培养并纯化.选取无血清条件下传3代的NSCs,分别在2种培养基中诱导8～10 d.采用免疫荧光法及流式细胞仪检测所获得细胞的神经干细胞和视网膜神经上皮细胞抗原的表达.结果 免疫荧光法显示无血清培养条件下2种组织来源的NSCs均部分表达巢蛋白.流式细胞术显示2种诱导方式均部分细胞表达巢蛋白,较诱导前明显降低,而视紫红质及Thy1.1的表达均较诱导前明显增高.经5%胎牛血清(FBS)诱导的细胞表达视紫红质较联合应用全反式视黄酸(ATRA)时高,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=30.59,6.76;P<0.01).但Thy1.1表达低于后者,差异也有统计学意义(χ2=6.19,22.92;P=0.01).结论 无血清培养基添加N2、EGF、bFGF、LIF 4种因子可以获得最佳纯化效果.2种诱导培养基都能够诱导NSCs的分化,视网膜NSCs分化为视网膜神经上皮细胞的能力高于大脑皮质NSCs.     

大鼠视网膜干细胞与神经干细胞体外增殖、分化特点比较

目的 通过对大鼠视网膜干细胞和神经干细胞体外增殖、分化特点进行比较,进一步明确视网膜于细胞自我更新及向神经细胞方向分化的能力.方法 实验研究.分离出生10 d大鼠睫状体区组织及新生大鼠脑组织,分别应用酶消化法将两种组织制成单细胞悬液,放入含有20 μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、20μg/L表皮生长因子及1×B27添加剂的无血清DMEM/F12培养液中培养,观察并比较视网膜干细胞及神经干细胞体外增殖的特点.分别取第2代细胞,应用免疫细胞化学染色法检测干细胞特异性抗原神经巢蛋白（nestin）及细胞分裂增殖标志物5-溴脱氧尿核苷（BrdU）的表达.同时,应用含50 ml/L的胎牛血清及1×N2添加剂的培养基促进其分化,观察两种细胞向神经细胞方向分化的特点：分别应用免疫细胞化学染色法对分化后的细胞nestin、神经无标志物神经元特异性烯醇酶（NSE）、神经胶质细胞标志物神经胶质酸性蛋白（GFAP）进行检测,并应用卡方检验对两种干细胞分化后的NSE及GFAP阳性细胞数比例进行比较.结果 两种细胞原代培养48 h后均可见小的球状细胞团悬浮生长,折光性强.原代培养约7 d后传代,传代后细胞能重新形成球状细胞团,应用免疫细胞化学染色方法均可检测到细胞内nestin及BrdU的阳性表达,视网膜干细胞体外增殖的能力较神经干细胞弱.两种细胞均可在血清诱导条件下转变为贴壁生长,并分化出具有神经细胞形态的细胞.诱导第7天进行免疫细胞化学染色,检测出两种干细胞表达nestin阳性细胞数比例分别为（9.5±3.5）%及（9.1±0.7）%.视网膜干细胞分化后NSE及GFAP的阳性细胞数比例分别为（11.2±2.8）%及（18.9＋2.1）%,低于神经干细胞分化后两种标志物阳性细胞数比例[（34.1±63）%及（41.9±3.3）%],NSE、GFAP在两组表达的差异均有统计学意义（x2=103.23,P＜0.05;x2=74.36,P＜0.05）.结论 来源于睫状体区的大鼠视网膜干细胞形态、体外增殖及可分化特性与神经干细胞相似,但其增殖及分化为神经细胞的能力较神经干细胞弱.     

成人睫状体-视网膜区域神经巢蛋白阳性细胞的分布特征

目的探讨成人眼睫状体-视网膜区域神经巢蛋白nestin阳性细胞的分布特征。方法由广东省眼库提供8只新鲜瘁死的健康成人眼球和3只婴儿眼球,分别采用免疫组织化学、逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）等方法检测神经干细胞特异性抗原神经巢蛋白nestin在睫状体、视网膜中的表达,通过透射电镜观察其超微结构和分布特点。结果睫状体、视网膜中均有少量nestin阳性细胞表达,其散在分布于睫状体色素上皮层和视网膜内核层靠近外核层的一侧;RT-PCR检测到睫状体、视网膜中均有nestin基因mRNA的表达,睫状体中的表达量高于视网膜区域;透射电镜观察可见睫状体和视网膜组织中均存在一些核大而圆、核仁明显、细胞器较幼稚的具有神经干细胞特征的细胞,位于睫状体色素上皮靠近基底膜的区域及视网膜内核层与外核层之间。结论成人睫状体-视网膜中存在一些具有神经干细胞特征的神经巢蛋白nestin阳性细胞,主要分布于睫状体色素上皮层和视网膜内核层。     

视网膜发育中的神经于细胞

视网膜作为脑组织的延伸，存在大量神经干细胞，在内外源性因子机制及各基因调节机制作用下，增殖分化为视网膜各型神经元及神经胶质细胞。应用无血清培养及单细胞克隆技术可分离培养出特异性表达nestin的视网膜干细胞。由于视网膜干细胞具备自我更新能力及多分化潜能，有望用于退行性神经疾病如：视网膜色素变性、老年黄斑变性、晚期青光眼等的细胞替代治疗或药物、基因治疗的载体。     

视网膜发育中的神经干细胞

视网膜作为脑组织的延伸,存在大量神经干细胞,在内外源性因子机制及各基因调节机制作用下,增殖分化为视网膜各型神经元及神经胶质细胞。应用无血清培养及单细胞克隆技术可分离培养出特异性表达nestin的视网膜干细胞。由于视网膜于细胞具备自我更新能力及多分化潜能,有望用于退行性神经疾病如:视网膜色素变性、老年黄斑变性、晚期青光眼等的细胞替代治疗或药物、基因治疗的载体。     

大鼠尾芽胚视杯干细胞的分布与特征

目的探索视杯干细胞在大鼠尾芽胚(第12.5天胚龄)的分布与特征。方法采用免疫组织化学技术，检测视杯干细胞在大鼠尾芽胚(第12.5天胚龄)视杯组织中的分布；分离视杯细胞，体外无血清培养，应用免疫细胞化学技术分析其增生能力以及血清诱导分化前后CHX10和多种成熟视网膜细胞特异性标记蛋白的表达，以了解这一发育时期视杯组织的分化特点。结果大鼠尾芽胚(第12.5天胚龄)的视杯干细胞主要分布在视杯的内外层和边缘层，不表达成熟视网膜细胞特异性标记蛋白。从尾芽胚视杯中分离出的细胞具有单细胞克隆能力，CHX10表达阳性，血清诱导后表达多种成熟视网膜细胞特异性标记蛋白：Thy1.1、神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)α和rhodopsin。结论大鼠尾芽胚(第12.5天胚龄)视杯主要由未分化的细胞组成，视杯干细胞的分布集中在视杯内层和边缘层。体外培养的视杯干细胞增生能力强，经诱导分化后表达多种成熟视网膜细胞特异性标记蛋白。(中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:159-162)     

Revisiting nestin expression in retinal progenitor cells in vitro and after transplantation in vivo

The purpose of this study is to characterize the co-expression of nestin--a neuroectodermal stem cell and a reactive glial marker-with various mature retinal cell markers in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) expanded in vitro, followed either by in vitro induction or subretinal transplantation. Rat RPCs derived from embryonic day (E) 17 rat retina were expanded in serum free defined culture, and induced to differentiate by all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Following induction, cells were stained for nestin in combination with retinal neuronal and glial markers. Cultured cells were collected for quantitative RT-PCR gene expression analysis prior to and after induction. In a second series, passage 2 RPCs were transplanted into the subretinal space of S334ter-3 retinal degeneration rats at postnatal day 28. After 1-4 weeks, sections through the transplant were double immunostained for nestin and various retinal specific neuronal markers. The cultured RPCs treated with RA exhibited nestin co-expression with various retinal specific markers, including protein kinase C alpha (PKC), neurofilament 200 (NF200), cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP), and rhodopsin. Following RA induction, quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated downregulation of nestin, PAX-6, thy1.1, and PKCalpha, and upregulation of rhodopsin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and CrX. No nestin coexpression was observed with any of the retinal specific neuronal markers in RPC transplants in vivo except for some nestin-immunoreactivity overlapping with GFAP positive cells in the host retina. The role of nestin as a unique neural stem/progenitor cell marker should be reconsidered. Nestin expression during RPC maturation appears to be different in vitro versus in vivo.     

Nestin positive cells in adult human retina and in epiretinal membranes

BACKGROUND/AIM: Nestin is an intermediate filament marker for neural progenitor cells. The authors aimed to identify nestin positive cells in adult human retina and within surgically removed epiretinal membranes. METHODS: Adult human retina and epiretinal membranes were studied. Tissue was fixed and processed for semithin sections or whole mount preparations for immunohistochemical detection of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. RESULTS: Nestin positive cells are most prominent at the ora serrata, possess fibrillary processes, small amounts of perinuclear cytoplasm, and are arranged radially within or superficially on the retina. In the posterior retina, speckled cytoplasmic nestin staining is seen around the nuclei of neurons. In the peripapillary retina most of the cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer are nestin positive. These cells appear to represent nestin positive neurons. Speckled cells are also seen in the myelinated portion of the optic nerve. In epiretinal membranes patches of elongated nestin positive cells were found. These cells were also positive for GFAP. CONCLUSIONS: Some neurons and glia in the adult human retina are nestin positive. Their pattern in anterior retina suggests an analogy with the ciliary marginal zone found in many other species. The role of these cells in pathological responses to retinal disease is suggested by the presence of large numbers of ectopic nestin positive cells in epiretinal membranes. The authors hypothesise that nestin positive cells represent a population of progenitor cells from normal adult human retina that differentiate to make up retinal scar tissue.     

Differences between the neurogenic and proliferative abilities of Müller glia with stem cell characteristics and the ciliary epithelium from the adult human eye

Much controversy has arisen on the nature and sources of stem cells in the adult human retina. Whilst ciliary epithelium has been thought to constitute a source of neural stem cells, a population of Müller glia in the neural retina has also been shown to exhibit neurogenic characteristics. This study aimed to compare the neurogenic and proliferative abilities between these two major cell populations. It also examined whether differences exist between the pigmented and non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (CE) from the adult human eye. On this basis, Müller glia with stem cell characteristics and pigmented and non-pigmented CE were isolated from human neural retina and ciliary epithelium respectively. Expression of glial, epithelial and neural progenitor markers was examined in these cells following culture under adherent and non-adherent conditions and treatments to induce neural differentiation. Unlike pigmented CE which did not proliferate, non-pigmented CE cells exhibited limited proliferation in vitro, unless epidermal growth factor (EGF) was present in the culture medium to prolong their survival. In contrast, Müller glial stem cells (MSC) cultured as adherent monolayers reached confluence within a few weeks and continued to proliferative indefinitely in the absence of EGF. Both MSC and non-pigmented CE expressed markers of neural progenitors, including SOX2, PAX6, CHX10 and NOTCH. Nestin, a neural stem cell marker, was only expressed by MSC. Non-pigmented CE displayed epithelial morphology, limited photoreceptor gene expression and stained strongly for pigmented epithelial markers upon culture with neural differentiation factors. In contrast, MSC adopted neural morphology and expressed markers of retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors when cultured under similar conditions.This study provides the first demonstration that pigmented CE possess different proliferative abilities from non-pigmented CE. It also showed that although non-pigmented CE express genes of retinal progenitors, they do not differentiate into neurons in vitro, as that seen with Müller glia that proliferate indefinitely in vitro and that acquire markers of retinal neurons in culture under neural differentiation protocols. From these observations it is possible to suggest that Müller glia that express markers of neural progenitors and become spontaneously immortalized in vitro constitute a potential source of retinal neurons for transplantation studies and fulfil the characteristics of true stem cells due to their proliferative and neurogenic ability.     

The neurogenic competence of progenitors from the postnatal rat retina in vitro

The mammalian retina develops from stem or progenitor cells that are of neuroectodermal origin and derive from bilateral invaginations of the neuroepithelium, the optic vesicles. Shortly after birth, around 12 days postnatal in rats, the retina is fully developed in its cellular parts. Even though different cell types in the adult might be potential sources for retinal stem cells or progenitor cells, the retina is a non-neurogenic region and the diseased retina is devoid of any spontaneous regeneration. In an attempt to link late developmental processes to the adult situation, we analyzed the presence and the neurogenic potential of retinal progenitors during the postnatal period and compared it to adult ciliary body (CB) derived retinal progenitors and subventricular zone (SVZ) derived neural stem cells. Retinal progenitor properties were identified by the capacity to proliferate and by the expression of the progenitor markers Nestin, Flk-1, Chx10, Pax6 and the radial glia marker BLBP. The neurogenic potential was assayed by the expression of the neuronal markers doublecortin, betaIII Tubulin, Map2 and NSE, the glial makers A2B5, NG2, GalC and GFAP, and by incorporation of BrdU. The number of Flk-1 positive cells and concomitantly the number of newly born betaIII Tubulin-positive cells decreased within the first postnatal week in retinal progenitor cultures and no newly generated betaIII Tubulin, but GFAP positive cells were detected thereafter. In contrast to neural stem cells derived from the adult SVZ, postnatal and adult CB derived progenitors had a lower and a restricted proliferation potential and did not generate oligodendrocytes. The work demonstrates, however, that the existence of retinal progenitor cells is not restricted to embryonic development. In the sensory retina the differentiation potential of late retinal progenitors becomes restricted to the glial lineage, whereas neurogenic progenitor cells are still present in the CB. In addition, major differences in growth and differentiation potential of adult neural stem cells and postnatal and adult retinal progenitors are presented.     

人视网膜前体细胞的体外视网膜组织片下移植

目的研究人视网膜前体细胞移植到体外培养的人视网膜组织片下的细胞分化。方法取无眼部发育异常的4～5个月胚胎眼球，进行视网膜前体细胞分离培养。将传代的细胞移植到体外培养的视网膜神经上皮组织片下，通过光学显微镜和免疫组织化学观察细胞分化和组织整合情况。结果人视网膜前体细胞在体外培养时形成神经球样细胞团，传代后形成子代细胞团，表达神经干细胞标志Nestin。体外培养的视网膜组织片在5d、10d均能基本维持视网膜结构。移植到视网膜组织片下的视网膜前体细胞能够与其建立细胞连接。这些视网膜前体细胞分化后能够表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白、微管相关蛋白-2和视紫红质，分别为神经胶质细胞、神经元和光感受器细胞的特异蛋白。结论人视网膜前体细胞具有神经干细胞特征，在体外移植到培养的人视网膜组织片下，能够分化成相应的终末分化细胞。     

巢蛋白和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白在大鼠视网膜发育中的动态表达

目的 观察巢蛋白(nestin)和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在大鼠视网膜发育中的动态变化.方法 48只Wistar大鼠,其中24只大鼠分为出生后1 d,1、2、3、4、7、12、20周8组,每组3只.制作眼球矢状位冰冻切片,采用共聚焦激光显微镜观察nestin和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)以及GFAP和GS免疫荧光染色情况.18只大鼠分为出生后id,1、2、3、4、12周,每组3只.提取大鼠视网膜总RNA,实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测nestin、GFAP和GS mRNA表达.选择6只出生后7～12 d新生鼠,取眼球体外培养Müller细胞,行GS和(或)nestin免疫荧光染色,共聚焦激光显微镜观察荧光染色情况.结果 出生后1 d,nestin免疫阳性细胞贯穿神经视网膜全层,主要定位于视网膜前体细胞放射状排列的细长纤维中,在视网膜内侧出现GFAP阳性的星形胶质细胞.出生后1周出现表达GS的Müller细胞,同时表达nestin,但不表达GFAP;GFAP阳性细胞仍然位于视网膜内侧.出生后2～12周,nestin在Mfiller细胞上的表达逐渐减少直至消失,GFAP在星形胶质细胞中的表达强度投有显著变化.体外培养的Müller细胞表达nestin,不表达GFAP.Nestin和GFAP mRNA在视网膜中的表达与免疫荧光染色结果相一致.结论 随大鼠视网膜不断发育,Müller细胞上nestin表达逐渐减少,成年大鼠视网膜Müller细胞不再表达nestin;新生鼠和成年鼠Müller细胞均不表达GFAP.     

巢蛋白和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白在大鼠视网膜发育中的动态表达

目的 观察巢蛋白(nestin)和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在大鼠视网膜发育中的动态变化.方法 48只Wistar大鼠,其中24只大鼠分为出生后1 d,1、2、3、4、7、12、20周8组,每组3只.制作眼球矢状位冰冻切片,采用共聚焦激光显微镜观察nestin和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)以及GFAP和GS免疫荧光染色情况.18只大鼠分为出生后id,1、2、3、4、12周,每组3只.提取大鼠视网膜总RNA,实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测nestin、GFAP和GS mRNA表达.选择6只出生后7～12 d新生鼠,取眼球体外培养Müller细胞,行GS和(或)nestin免疫荧光染色,共聚焦激光显微镜观察荧光染色情况.结果 出生后1 d,nestin免疫阳性细胞贯穿神经视网膜全层,主要定位于视网膜前体细胞放射状排列的细长纤维中,在视网膜内侧出现GFAP阳性的星形胶质细胞.出生后1周出现表达GS的Müller细胞,同时表达nestin,但不表达GFAP;GFAP阳性细胞仍然位于视网膜内侧.出生后2～12周,nestin在Mfiller细胞上的表达逐渐减少直至消失,GFAP在星形胶质细胞中的表达强度投有显著变化.体外培养的Müller细胞表达nestin,不表达GFAP.Nestin和GFAP mRNA在视网膜中的表达与免疫荧光染色结果相一致.结论 随大鼠视网膜不断发育,Müller细胞上nestin表达逐渐减少,成年大鼠视网膜Müller细胞不再表达nestin;新生鼠和成年鼠Müller细胞均不表达GFAP.     

巢蛋白和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白在大鼠视网膜发育中的动态表达

目的 观察巢蛋白(nestin)和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在大鼠视网膜发育中的动态变化.方法 48只Wistar大鼠,其中24只大鼠分为出生后1 d,1、2、3、4、7、12、20周8组,每组3只.制作眼球矢状位冰冻切片,采用共聚焦激光显微镜观察nestin和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)以及GFAP和GS免疫荧光染色情况.18只大鼠分为出生后id,1、2、3、4、12周,每组3只.提取大鼠视网膜总RNA,实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测nestin、GFAP和GS mRNA表达.选择6只出生后7～12 d新生鼠,取眼球体外培养Müller细胞,行GS和(或)nestin免疫荧光染色,共聚焦激光显微镜观察荧光染色情况.结果 出生后1 d,nestin免疫阳性细胞贯穿神经视网膜全层,主要定位于视网膜前体细胞放射状排列的细长纤维中,在视网膜内侧出现GFAP阳性的星形胶质细胞.出生后1周出现表达GS的Müller细胞,同时表达nestin,但不表达GFAP;GFAP阳性细胞仍然位于视网膜内侧.出生后2～12周,nestin在Mfiller细胞上的表达逐渐减少直至消失,GFAP在星形胶质细胞中的表达强度投有显著变化.体外培养的Müller细胞表达nestin,不表达GFAP.Nestin和GFAP mRNA在视网膜中的表达与免疫荧光染色结果相一致.结论 随大鼠视网膜不断发育,Müller细胞上nestin表达逐渐减少,成年大鼠视网膜Müller细胞不再表达nestin;新生鼠和成年鼠Müller细胞均不表达GFAP.