中肝叶巨大原发性肝癌的手术切除

目的 探讨中肝叶巨大肝癌的手术切除技术。方法 回顾性分析1996年10月至2001年12月施行肝切除术的166例中肝叶巨大肝癌的术中处理，术后并发症及原因。结果 全组均为常温间歇性第一肝门阻断下切肝，单例总阻断时间最长68min，最短7min，平均24.5min；输血量最多为5200ml ,54例未输血；肿瘤切除123例（74．1％），规则性肝叶切除43例（25．9％）；术后并发症9例（5．4％），手术死亡2例（1．2％）。结论 术前良好的肝功能储备是保证中肝叶巨大肝癌手术切除术后顺利恢复的首要条件，术中仔细操作是降低术后并发症的关键。     

保持下腔静脉通畅的全肝血流阻断切肝术

目的探讨保持下腔静脉通畅的全肝血流阻断切肝术（THVEPC）的应用价值。方法对25例位于第二肝门区肿瘤施行第一肝门＋左、中、右肝静脉阻断切肝术，保持下腔静脉血流畅通，11例病人同时行肝短静脉结扎。结果25例病人中原发性肝癌17例、转移性肝癌1例、肝母细胞瘤2例、肝巨大血管瘤5例。肿瘤直径14．7cm（5～43cm）。肿瘤侵犯2根主肝静脉16例，侵犯3根主肝静脉9例。行右三叶切除7例，右半肝切除3例，中肝叶切除6例，Ⅷ段切除3例，左三叶切除4例，尾状叶切除2例。共结扎肝静脉16根，血管带阻断20根，血管夹或心耳钳阻断18根。切断1根主肝静脉14例，切断2根主肝静脉11例。平均第一肝门阻断时间25．5min（15～42min），平均肝静脉阻断时间16．4min（5～28min）。平均术中出血量820ml（100～6000ml）。行肝静脉修补4例。结论保持下腔静脉通畅的全肝血流阻断切肝术既能达到无血切肝的目的，又避免了下腔静脉阻断所引起全身血流动力学紊乱，是一种更符合生理的新技术。     

无需阻断肝门的简易区域无血肝切除术

目的探讨无需阻断肝门的区域无血肝切除技术的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析48例肝切除患者的治疗过程,其中择期肝切除41例,急诊手术7例;肝段或联合肝段切除37例,左或右半肝切除8例,中肝叶切除3例,采用特制的直型肝针和普通肝针行肝脏预切区域外的交锁缝扎,形成肝脏局部区域无血,术中无需阻断肝门,轻松进行肝切除手术。结果择期手术平均出血142（15～800）ml,无需输血;4例肝癌破裂腹腔大出血患者成功施行了急诊肝切除手术,平均出血2475（2000～3000）ml,输血750（400—1000）ml;另3例急诊手术出血310（50—800）ml,均无需输血。全组术后恢复良好,无术后并发症,无手术死亡。术后平均10（7—15）d出院。结论本方法为一种安全可靠、简易、快捷的区域无血肝切除方法,容易掌握,费用低廉,患者术后恢复快,值得临床推广应用。     

合理阻断肝脏血流切除累及肝门区肿瘤

目的探讨肝脏血流阻断技术在累及肝门区肿瘤切除中的合理应用。方法对采用第一肝门阻断法（Pringle法）和常温下全肝血流阻断法（THVE）相结合切除14例累及肝门区肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计肿瘤和肝门区血管的毗邻关系、阻断次数、阻断时间、术中出血量、输血量、术后并发症等指标。结果本组Pringle法平均阻断（4.2±2.0）次,第一肝门平均阻断时间（49.6±30.8）min;THVE平均阻断（1.8±0.4）次,平均阻断时间（18.8±7.4）min;术中出血量平均（1100±360）ml,输血量平均（800±220）ml;术中修补下腔静脉4次,主肝静脉2次,门静脉主干2次;术后检测ALT、胆红素有不同程度升高,经治疗2～3周后恢复正常,未发生肝功能衰竭、肝肾综合征等严重并发症。结论Pringle法与THVE法分步结合使用可增加肝门区肿瘤切除的安全性。     

射频消融技术在腹腔镜解剖性肝切除动物模型中的应用

目的评价在腹腔镜解剖性肝切除动物模型中应用射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）技术进行肝段定位、入肝血流阻断以及辅助肝实质离断的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法 20头猪选取不同肝段分别完成2个实验。第1个实验中,20头猪随机分为2组,分别为门静脉RFA辅助组（超声引导下肝段门静脉系统定位及RFA辅助肝段血流阻断下腹腔镜肝段切除）和常规腹腔镜切除组（常规腹腔镜肝段切除）,每组10头。第2个实验中,20头猪重新按随机数字表随机分为2组,分别为RFA辅助肝实质离断组（RFA辅助肝实质离断腹腔镜左外叶肝切除）和常规腹腔镜肝叶切除组（常规腹腔镜左外叶切除）,每组10头。比较手术时间、术中出血量和切除肝段重量。结果第1个实验中,9头猪完成超声引导下肝段门静脉系统RFA辅助腹腔镜肝段切除,常规腹腔镜切除组10头猪完成手术。门静脉RFA辅助组和常规腹腔镜切除组手术时间分别为（74±16）min和（104±28）min（t=-2.821,P=0.012）,术中出血量分别为（84±20）ml和（114±32）ml（t=-2.416,P=0.027）。第2个实验中,RFA辅助肝实质离断组和常规腹腔镜肝叶切除组手术均顺利完成,2组手术时间无统计学差异[（136±26）min vs.（124±18）min,t=1.200,P=0.246],术中出血量有统计学差异[（110±36）ml vs.（164±50）ml,t=-2.772,P=0.013]。结论超声引导下肝段门静脉系统RFA辅助肝段入肝血流阻断后行腹腔镜肝段切除有助于缩短手术时间和减少术中出血量;RFA辅助肝实质离断的腹腔镜肝左外叶切除与常规腹腔镜肝叶切除相比在不增加手术时间的基础上可以减少术中出血。     

Glisson蒂横断联合肝静脉阻断在肝切除术中的应用

目的探讨Glisson蒂横断联合肝静脉阻断术在肝脏手术中的运用。方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月至2011年12月20例采用Gllsson蒂横断联合肝静脉阻断术行肝脏切除患者的资料。结果其中解剖性肝切除15例,非解剖性肝切除5例。包括左外叶切除（Ⅱ＋Ⅲ）3例,左半肝切除（Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ）8例,右前叶切除（Ⅴ＋Ⅷ）2例,右后叶切除（Ⅵ＋Ⅷ）1例,右半肝切除（Ⅴ＋Ⅵ＋Ⅶ＋vm）1例,局部剜除5例。20例肝脏手术中解剖性肝切除占75％（15／20）,非解剖性占25％（5／20）,平均手术时间220（120～380）min,平均失血量300（100～600）mL,术后并发胆瘘1例,经保守治疗后好转。结论Glisson蒂横断联合肝静脉阻断肝切除术能够最大限度的减少肝脏出血,保护残肝功能,提高术后患者的预后。     

Pringle′s法联合肝静脉阻断技术在复杂肝切除术中的应用

目的: 探讨Pringle′s法联合肝静脉阻断技术在复杂肝切除术中的应用价值。方法: 对37例第二肝门区肿瘤施行Pringle′s法＋肝静脉阻断切肝术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:37例患者中原发性肝癌27例，转移性肝癌2例，肝巨大血管瘤8例。肿瘤平均直径12.7cm（6～35cm）。肿瘤侵犯1根主肝静脉6例，侵犯2根主肝静脉20例，侵犯3根主肝静脉11例。行右三叶切除11例，右半肝切除5例，中肝叶切除9例，Ⅷ段切除4例，左三叶切除5例，尾状叶切除3例。平均第一肝门阻断时间29min（17～48min），平均肝静脉阻断时间21min（8～32min）。行肝静脉修补1例。平均术中出血量950mL（200～4 000mL）。全组术后发生并发症18例次，均经治疗后愈。无死亡病例。结论:Pringle′s法联合肝静脉阻断技术在复杂肝切除术中既能达到减少术中出血的目的，又能防止术中肝静脉破裂导致空气栓塞，还避免了下腔静脉阻断所引起全身血流动力学紊乱，是一种更安全、有效的血流阻断技术。     

中肝叶巨大原发性肝癌的手术切除

目的　探讨中肝叶巨大肝癌的手术切除技术。方法　回顾性分析 1996年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 12月施行肝切除术的 16 6例中肝叶巨大肝癌的术中处理、术后并发症及原因。结果　全组均为常温间歇性第一肝门阻断下切肝 ,单例总阻断时间最长 6 8min ,最短 7min ,平均 2 4 .5min ;输血量最多为5 2 0 0ml,5 4例未输血 ;肿瘤切除 12 3例 (74 .1% ) ,规则性肝叶切除 4 3例 (2 5 .9% ) ;术后并发症 9例(5 .4 % ) ,手术死亡 2例 (1.2 % )。结论　术前良好的肝功能储备是保证中肝叶巨大肝癌手术切除术后顺利恢复的首要条件 ,术中仔细操作是降低术后并发症的关键     

选择性半肝血流阻断下腹腔镜半肝切除术

目的探讨选择性半肝血流阻断下腹腔镜半肝切除术的安全性与可行性。方法解剖患侧肝门，在选择性半肝血流阻断下，采用腹腔镜多功能手术解剖器（LPMOD）刮吸断肝技术行完全腹腔镜半肝切除术9例。包括左半肝切除7例，右半肝切除2例。结果全部顺利完成手术，无中转开腹。手术时间210～380min，（267．8±57．2）min，其中解剖肝门时间20—70min，（49．4±17．4）min，切肝时间90～170min，（113．3±30．8）min，术中出血100～1100ml，（440．0±340．4）ml，术后丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）升高值53～374U／L，（214．8±124．4）U／L，恢复正常时间4—11d，（6．1±2．1）d，术后住院时间7～14d，（9．7±2．0）d，无严重并发症发生。结论选择性半肝血流阻断下行腹腔镜半肝切除术是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤22例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤的技术要点和疗效.方法 回顾分析第三军医大学西南医院2007年3月1日至2008年2月29日22例肝血管瘤病人行腹腔镜肝切除术的临床资料.结果 22例中2例中转开腹,20例完成全腹腔镜肝切除术.规则性肝叶(段)切除14例,其中左半肝切除5例,左外叶切除5例(其中1例联合右肝血管瘤射频消融术),Ⅵ段切除4例;不规则肝切除8例.10例在区域性半肝血流阻断条件下手术,7例行间歇性第一肝门血流阻断,5例未行人肝血流阻断.平均手术时间209 min,平均术中出血量360 ml.全组无手术死亡及并发症发生.术后恢复顺利,平均术后住院时间6 d.随访2～14个月,无症状再发及肿瘤复发.结论 腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤具有手术安全、并发症少和术后恢复快等优点,其技术要点是选择恰当适应证和手术入路,有效控制入肝血流和妥善处理肝断面,肝实质离断沿瘤体周围0.5～1 cm正常肝实质内进行或直接行荷瘤肝叶(段)规则性切除.     

Role of platelet-activating factor in hepatectomy with Pringle's maneuver

BACKGROUND: Interruption of hepatic inflow is commonly used to reduce blood loss during extensive liver resection, but may cause liver dysfunction. The present study investigated the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist E5880 on total liver warm ischemia and 70% hepatectomy. METHODS: Rabbits were used in this study and were divided into four groups: group 1, those treated with only 70% hepatectomy; group 2, those treated with only 20 min Pringle's maneuver; group 3, those treated with both Pringle's maneuver and 70% hepatectomy without pretreatment; and group 4, those pretreated with PAF antagonist E5880 (0.3 mg/kg) followed by Pringle's maneuver and 70% hepatectomy. The remnant liver function was then evaluated after reperfusion. RESULTS: Seven-day survival rates in both groups 1 and 2 were 100%. E5880 treatment significantly increased 7-day survival rate (group 4: 38% vs group 3: 0%, P < 0.05) after a combination of Pringle's maneuver and 70% hepatectomy. The elevations of serum liver enzymes (GOT, GPT, mGOT, and LDH) were significantly inhibited in group 4 at 1 and 4 h after reperfusion. Portal venous pressure and the energy charge of liver were also significantly improved in group 4, compared with those in group 3. Endothelin-1 levels of arterial and portal venous blood progressively increased after reperfusion; however, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Leukocyte infiltration into the liver was significantly inhibited in group 4. CONCLUSION: E5880 pretreatment has protective effects on liver function after 70% hepatectomy with Pringle's maneuver in rabbits.     

改良式绕肝提拉法半肝切除的临床应用研究

目的 探讨改良绕肝提拉法(liver hanging maneuver)半肝切除的临床实用性和安全性.方法 将24例行半肝切除术的患者分为两组:改良式绕肝提拉法半肝切除组12例,Pringle's阻断法半肝切除组12例.比较两种半肝切除方法的术中失血量、手术时间、术后肝功能及并发症发生率等指标.结果 两组均顺利完成手术,两组手术时间相比差异无统计学意义.术中平均失血量,改良组为(160±40)ml,Pringle's组为(560±120)ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后第3天和第7天肝功能(ALT、AST、TB)测试数据,改良半肝切除组优于全肝入肝血流阻断组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后改良半肝切除组的腹腔引流量、住院时间和并发症均少于全肝入肝血流阻断组,其中腹腔引流量统计两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 改良式绕肝提拉法半肝切除是安全实用的.     

肝门区肿瘤切除中肝脏血流阻断方法的探讨

目的 探讨肝脏血流阻断技术在肝门区肿瘤切除中的合理应用.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年3月采用第一肝门阻断法(Pringle法)和常温下全肝血流阻断技术(NHVE)相结合切除16例肝门区肿瘤的临床资料,分析肿瘤和肝门区血管的毗邻关系、阻断次数、阻断时间、术中出血量、输血量、术后并发症等指标.结果 本组16例患者采用Pringle法与NHVE相结合技术切除肿瘤,Pringle法平均阻断(3.8±1.6)次,平均阻断时间(46.6±28.8)min;NHVE平均阻断(1.6±0.4)次,平均阻断时间(23.5±8.2)min;术中出血量平均(1250±320)ml,输血量平均(860±245)ml;术中修补下腔静脉损伤4例,肝静脉损伤2例,门静脉主干损伤2例;术后均有肝脏酶学指标、胆线素不同程度的升高,经保肝等治疗后恢复正常,未发牛肝功能衰竭等严重并发症.结论 Pringle法与NHVE技术分步结合使用可减少全肝血流阻断时间、增加肝门区肿瘤切除的安全性.     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝细胞癌37例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除术治疗合并乙型肝炎后肝硬化的肝细胞癌的技术要点和近期疗效.方法 2007年3月1日至2008年9月30日西南医院对37例合并乙型肝炎后肝硬化的肝细胞癌患者施行腹腔镜肝切除术.结果 37例患者中32例完成全腹腔镜肝切除术,3例完成手助式腹腔镜肝切除术,2例中转开腹.解剖性肝切除23例,包括左半肝切除4例,左外叶切除8例,超左半肝切除1例,右半肝切除2例,单肝段切除8例;非解剖性肝切除术14例,其中10例在区域性半肝血流阻断条件下手术.本组患者平均手术时间212 min,平均术中出血量354 ml.全组无1例手术死亡,术后出现腹水和胸腔积液3例、肝断面包裹性积液2例、腹腔内出血1例.术后1～2 d下床活动,5～7 d肝功恢复正常,平均术后住院时间8 d.随访2～21个月,3例出现肝内非原位复发,其中1例术后8个月死亡,2例带瘤生存至今. 结论腹腔镜肝切除术治疗合并乙型肝炎后肝硬化的肝细胞癌安全可行.技术要点是根据病变大小、部位及肝硬化程度选择不同的肝切除方式及肝血流阻断方式,肝实质离断过程巾联合使用以超声刀为主的多种器材,妥善处理肝断面.     

肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤37例分析

目的 探讨肝血管瘤的诊断、手术指征及外科治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2008年7月我院肝切除术治疗的37例肝血管瘤患者临床资料.所有病例均通过B超、增强CT和(或)MRI明确诊断.手术指征包括:(1)血管瘤直径>5 cm,位于左外叶或边沿部,伴有较明显临床症状;(2)血管瘤直径>10 cm或短期生长迅速.瘤体位于左叶10例,右叶17例,尾叶3例,肝中叶2例,左右叶多发5例.所有病例术前肝功能Child评级均为A级.结果 右半肝切除5例,左半肝切除2例,左外叶切除10例,尾叶切除3例,肝中央叶段切除5例,肝段切除8例,联合肝段切除4例,预防性胆总管切开、T管外引流2例.术中第一肝门阻断28例,阻断时间8～36 min,平均(22.2±14.3)min;全肝血流阻断7例,阻断时间10～40 rain,平均(21.6±12.1)min.术中输血4例,输血量平均为400 ml.所有手术病例过程顺利,切除标本直径5～20 cm,无手术死亡.术后并发症:胸腔积液4例,膈下积液2例.术后病理:37例均为肝海绵状血管瘤.所有病例随访6个月～4年,无复发.结论 在严格把握手术指征的前提下,应用肝切除术治疗肝血管瘤是安全有效的.

Abstract：

Objective To study the diagnosis,surgical indications, and results of surgical treatment for hepatic hemangioma. Methods The data of 37 patients with hepatic hemangioma treated by hepatectomy in our department from July 2005 to July 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnoses were made by ultrasound, enhanced CT and MRI. Surgical indications included: (1) diameter >5 cm, located at the left lateral section or the lower edge of the liver with symptoms. (2) diameter >10 cm or recent rapid growth. The hemangioma were located in the left liver in 10 patients, right liver in 17, caudate lobe in 3, middle hepatic lobe in 2, multiple tumors in left and right livers in 5.The preoperative liver function was grade A in all patients. Results Five patients underwent right hepatectomy, 2 underwent left hepatectomy, 10 underwent left lateral sectionectomy, 3 underwent caudate lobectomy, 5 underwent central hepatectomy, 8 underwent right anterior sectionectomy, 4 underwent combined hepatic resections and 2 underwent prophylactic exploration of the common bile duct. Pringle's maneuver was applied in 28 patients, and total hepatic vascular exclusion in 7. The occlusion time ranged from 8-36 and 10-40 minutes (average: 22.2±14.3 min and 21.6±12.1 min),respectively. 400 ml of intraoperative blood transfusion was given to 4 patients each. All operations were successfully carried out. The specimens measured 5-20 cm. There was no peri-operative death.The postoperative complications were: pleural effusion (n=4); subphrenic (n=2). Histologic diagnosis confirmed hepatic cavernous hemangioma in all patients. All patients were regularly followed-up (ranged 6 months-4 years), and no recurrence was detected. Conclusion In carefully selected patients, liver resection for hepatic hemangioma is safe and effective.     

常温下半肝血流阻断与Pringle''s法的临床比较

目的 探讨肝癌合并肝硬化病人不同肝血流阻断方法的比较及肝切除时肝血流阻断方法的选择。方法 对62例HCC选用两种不同方法入肝血流阻断、癌肿的大小部位、术前及术后肝功能、术中出血量、术后引流量及其发生的并发症进行比较分析。结果 62例肝切除术中半肝血流阻断30例，Pringle‘s法32例，癌肿均完整切除．虽然半肝血流阻断组切肝范围大。但术后恢复顺利，各项观察指标均优于Pringle‘s法切肝组。结论 肝切除时肝血流阻断方法的选择应根据病变部位、切肝范围大小、肝功能及术中探查结果等综合考虑而定。选择一种合适的肝血流阻断方法是保证手术成功、术后病人顺利恢复的关健。     

Prospective evaluation of Pringle maneuver in hepatectomy for liver tumors by a randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether vascular inflow occlusion by the Pringle maneuver during hepatectomy can be safe and effective in reducing blood loss. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Hepatectomy can be performed with a low mortality rate, but massive hemorrhage during surgery remains a potentially lethal problem. The Pringle maneuver is traditionally used during hepatectomy to reduce blood loss, but there is a potential harmful effect on the metabolic function of hepatocytes. There has been no prospective randomized study to determine whether the Pringle maneuver can decrease blood loss during hepatectomy, improve outcome, or affect the metabolism of hepatocytes. METHODS: From July 1995 to February 1997, we studied 100 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver tumors. The patients were randomly assigned to liver transection under intermittent Pringle maneuver of 20 minutes and a 5-minute clamp-free interval (n = 50), or liver transection without the Pringle maneuver (n = 50). The surface area of liver transection was measured and blood loss during transection per square centimeter of transection area was calculated. Routine liver biochemistry, arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), and the indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test were done. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in terms of preoperative liver function and in the proportion of patients having major hepatectomy. The Pringle maneuver resulted in less blood loss per square centimeter of transection area (12 mL/cm2 vs. 22 mL/cm2, p = 0.0001), a shorter transection time per square centimeter of transection area (2 min/cm2 vs. 2.8 min/cm2, p = 0.016), a significantly higher AKBR in the first 2 hours after hepatectomy, lower serum bilirubin levels in the early postoperative period, and, in cirrhotic patients, higher serum transferrin levels on postoperative days 1 and 8. The complication rate, the hospital mortality rate, and the ICG retention at 15 minutes on postoperative day 8 were equal for the two groups.CONCLUSION: Performing the Pringle maneuver during liver transection resulted in less blood loss and better preservation of liver function in the early postoperative period. This is probably because there was less hemodynamic disturbance induced by the bleeding.     

Pringle's maneuver and selective inflow occlusion in living donor liver hepatectomy.

While inflow occlusion techniques such as Pringle's maneuver are accepted methods of reducing bleeding without inducing liver injury during liver surgery, donor hepatectomy for living donor liver transplantation is currently performed without inflow occlusion for fear that injury to the graft may result. We have performed donor hepatectomy for 12 years using selective intermittent inflow occlusion, a technique in which the portion used to form the graft is perfused during hepatectomy. Starting in November 2000, we applied intermittent Pringle's maneuver to donor hepatectomy in 81 cases of living donor liver transplantation. We reviewed our experience with Pringle's maneuver and selective inflow occlusion techniques in donor hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation. The quality of the grafts was assessed and compared by determining maximum postoperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values. Neither primary nonfunction nor dysfunction occurred. Maximum AST values in the recipients were the same whether the liver segments that formed the grafts were totally ischemic during dissection (total ischemia), partially ischemic (partial ischemia), perfused only with arterial blood flow (portal ischemia), or not ischemic at all (no ischemia). Maximum ALT values in the recipients of the total ischemia group was lower, albeit not significantly, than in other groups. Total inflow occlusion can be applied to living donor hepatectomy without causing graft injury. In conclusion, because the transection surface is blood-free, there is decreased risk to the donor during living donor liver transplantation surgery, and surgeons should not hesitate to apply this technique because it contributes to donor safety.     

Selective and unselective clamping in liver surgery]

Liver surgery requires a reduction in the operative blood loss to avoid postoperative liver failure. We carried out elective hepatic resection in 229 patients with Pringle's maneuver, which involves complete, intermittent clamping of the hepatic flow, and in 56 patients with selective vascular occlusion. Twenty-seven donors for living-related liver transplantation were also included in the latter series. The clinical outcomes were evaluated based on clamping method used. The cumulative clamping time and amount of blood loss were 64 +/- 46 min (mean +/- SD) and 828 +/- 665 ml in the Pringle's maneuver group and 88 +/- 44 min and 907 +/- 555 ml in the selective vascular occlusion group. Laboratory data showed good tolerance of vascular clamping in both groups, and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels returned to the baseline within one week. Operative morbidity rates were 23% and 27%, respectively, and no operative deaths occurred in this series. In living-related liver transplantation, modified selective vascular occlusion can preserve graft viability, as verified by the fact that all the recipients in this series had a good postoperative course, except for one death and one graft loss. In conclusion, intermittent total or selective vascular clamping is indispensable procedure during hepatic resection.