声带沟37例分析

对1988－1993年底所就诊的37例声带沟进行了分析，认为它是喉部先天性声肌发育异常的一个独立性疾病。主要表现为声嘶伴气息声。喉镜见声门闭合不全，吸气时见患侧膜性声带游离缘有条状浅沟，深浅、长短不一，70％病例的声带呈珠白色，部分呈补偿性喉动功能过强的表现，如室带肥大或超越、杓部充血等，只要留意声带边缘有无条件浅沟，诊断不难作出。目前尚无一致公认的有效治疗方法，发声训练有助于改善声音。     

小儿声带沟切开加整复术麻醉方法的探讨

目的:探讨小儿声带沟切开加整复术的麻醉处理方法。方法:对28例声带沟患儿采用静脉复合麻醉加高频喷射控制呼吸(HFJV)下行声带沟切开加整复术,记录患儿在麻醉诱导前、置入支撑喉镜即刻、置入支撑喉镜后5min及退出支撑喉镜后2min时HR、SBP、SaO2的变化,并记录患儿苏醒时间。结果:本组所有患儿术野显露充分,手术进行顺利,术中无缺氧及CO2蓄积;术后苏醒迅速,停药后3~6min内患儿完全清醒,醒后无复睡及任何不适。5例患儿在安置支撑喉镜时HR明显下降,与诱导前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),静脉注射阿托品0.01mg/kg,1min后缓解,HR恢复正常;BP在置入支撑喉镜时与诱导前相比明显上升(P<0.05),2~3min后即恢复正常。结论:静脉复合麻醉加HFJV用于小儿声带沟切开加整复术,安全、可靠,是适宜的麻醉处理方法。     

纤维喉镜下微波治疗声带小结和声带息肉

采用纤维喉镜下微波组织凝固的方法，治疗了声带小结２１例，声带息肉１４例，随访３￣１３个月，均未见复发。认为本治疗方法具有手术视野暴露好，对周围正常声带组织无损伤，病变切除彻底及疗效高等优点，并且扩大了纤维喉镜下手术的应用范围。     

声带沟的手术治疗

目的探讨声带沟的手术修复手段,以提高疗效.方法对经喉动态镜检查确诊的26例声带沟患者,采用喉显微外科手术加嗓音训练的综合方法治疗.其中单纯声带沟切除术9例,黏膜微瓣整复术11例,自体阔筋膜加脂肪声带注射术4例,阔筋膜声带植入术2例.术后10天进行嗓音训练,持续4～6个月.所有患者术前、术后定期行喉动态镜检查及嗓音学分析.结果术后仍有5例患者症状无明显改善,总有效率为80.8%(21/26).有效病例术后1周喉动态镜检查显示声带形态基本恢复正常,声带沟消失;术后1个月声带振动恢复.术后3个月嗓音声学分析显示声学参数较术前明显改善.行自体阔筋膜加脂肪声带注射术和阔筋膜声带植入术的6例患者中,最长观察时间28个月,声带黏膜波动良好.未出现任何并发症.结论喉显微外科手术加嗓音训练的综合治疗方法治疗声带沟效果满意.     

声带小结和声带息肉样变纤维喉镜下手术后疗效分析

１９８９年以来在纤维喉镜下手术治疗声带小结和声带息肉样变病例已超过千例,随机随访其中３４５例患者,评价手术疗效,现报告如下：１临床资料１１一般资料１９９４～１９９６年期间共随访了３４５名患者,年龄在９～５８岁,男１１８例、女２２７例。全部病例主诉均...     

鼻内窥镜支撑喉镜下手术治疗声带良性病变

声带良性肿物以息肉、小结、囊肿及Ｒｅｉｎｋｅｒ层水肿等为常见,治疗一般采用间接喉镜、直接喉镜或支撑喉镜下显微镜手术。１９９７年９月至１９９９年２月,我们开展经鼻内窥镜支撑喉镜下手术,治疗声带良性病变４８例。现报道如下。１　资料和方法１．１　临床资料本组４８例患者,男１９例,女２９例;年龄２４～６４岁。均有声嘶、发音困难。双侧病变２６例,单侧病变２２例。病理诊断：声带息肉３４例,声带小结１０例,表皮样囊肿４例,Ｒｅｉｎｋｅｒ水肿１７例。病程：发现声嘶到就诊为１个月～２０年,其中０．５～３年者３５例…     

影响声带息肉手术因素的分析

目的：分析影响声带息肉手术的因素,以提高手术成功率和手术效果。方法：将2792例声带息肉手术患者分为间接喉镜下切除息肉组（A组）、纤维喉镜下切除息肉组（B组）和支撑喉镜下切除息肉组（c组）,并对影响手术的因素进行分析。结果：A组、B组和C组的手术失败率分别为6．46％、4．12％、1．53％;并发症发生率分别为0．19％,0,1．16％;影响各组手术的因素中,患者的个体状况分别为61．77％,6．67％,85．71％;息肉类型分别为27．94％,60．00％。0;手术者经验分别为30．88％,46．67％,0;手术器械分别为8．82％,13．33％,14．29％;麻醉分别为16．18％,33．33％,0。结论：除B组外患者的个体状况是导致各组声带息肉切除术失败的主要原因,麻醉则是支撑喉镜手术并发症的主要原因。     

声带麻痹的手术矫治

本文主要综述了单侧和双侧声带麻痹手术矫治的方法及其有关问题。     

电子喉镜下治疗广基型声带息肉疗效分析

近年来声带息肉术式种类繁多，其中电视监控下各种软管喉镜下声带息肉手术因具有放大、操作方便、图像清晰等优点在国内应用越来越多，而对于广基型声带息肉能否采取此种术式，目前学者意见不一。我们自2004年以来应用电子喉镜切除广基型息肉173例，现报告如下。     

声带沟的诊断及治疗

目的　探讨声带沟的分型及治疗方法。方法　 2 9例声带沟患者按有无声嘶及沟的形态分为 3型 :Ⅰ型 :生理型 ,11例 (无声嘶 ) ;Ⅱ型 :裂线型 ,13例 ;Ⅲ型 :局凹型 ,5例 ;后两种为病理型声带沟 ,有声嘶。对有声嘶 18例进行了手术及术后嗓音训练治疗 ,手术方法有 :①黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术 (Ⅱ型 9例 ,Ⅲ型 2例 ,其中 1例为术式②疗效不佳再手术者 ) ;②黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术(Ⅱ型 4例、Ⅲ型 1例 ) ;③声带沟切除术 (Ⅲ型 4例 ,包括 1例术式①疗效不佳再手术者 )。所有患者均随访 6个月以上 ,平均为 15 3个月。结果　喉镜及嗓音分析发现 ,13例Ⅱ型患者中 10例 (其中 6例为黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术 ,占该术式 6 /9;4例为黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术 ,占该术式 4 /4) ,术后 3个月声带沟消失 ,发音良好 ,声带振动恢复 ;另 3例单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术者 ,术后声带沟变浅 ,仍稍声嘶。 5例Ⅲ型患者中 3例行声带沟切除术后 4～ 5个月声带沟消失 ,发音时声门闭合好 ,声带振动恢复 ;另 2例先单行黏膜下分离自体脂肪注射术或黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪术者 ,术后 10d～ 3个月声带沟再现 ,再次手术后好转。结论　对声带沟患者应分型后采用不同治疗方法 ,黏膜切开挖槽自体脂肪注射术对Ⅱ型治疗效果最好 ,声     

自体筋膜移植填充治疗声带沟

目的探讨筋膜移植填充术在声带沟治疗中的价值及预后转归。方法23例双侧声带沟患者全麻显微镜下行声带沟瘢痕松解、筋膜移植填充手术，合并声带肌萎缩者同时行声门旁间隙脂肪注射。患者手术前、后行嗓音声学、气流动力学及频闪喉镜检查。结果4例手术失败者未进行疗效评价。19例术后6—8周患者发音开始改善，术后3个月发音改善明显。术后6个月音质趋于稳定，主、客观声学评价及气流动力学参数较术前改善明显，17例（89．5％）患者音质改善明显，声带结构及黏膜振动接近正常，声门闭合明显改善；2例患者音质改善不明显，声带形态接近正常，声门闭合改善，但黏膜振动不良。声音嘶哑主观评分与术前比较改善明显（P值均〈0．05），总评分2例患者（10．5％）提高2个等级，15例患者（79．0％）提高1个等级，2例患者（10．5％）评级无明显改变。除基频外，嗓音声学参数及最大发音时间与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．01），8例（42．0％）患者声学参数达到正常范围，17例患者（89．5％）最大发音时间达到正常范围。19例患者随诊均6个月-1年，未发现筋膜吸收，其中5例患者随诊满2年，音质稳定。结论筋膜移植填充声带沟的手术可在一定程度上矫正声带固有层缺陷，改善声门闭合不良，恢复声带振动特性。     

声带息肉临床形态和病理特征观察

目的观察声带息肉的临床形态和病理特征。方法选择在海军总医院进行手术储存图像清晰的156例声带息肉患者的喉内镜图像及其临床资料进行分析。其中男性88例，女性68例；年龄14～76岁，中位数43．0岁；病程1～132个月，中位数6．5个月。右侧声带息肉57例，左侧61例，双侧38例。患者有单个声带息肉的118例，2个声带息肉的36例，3个声带息肉的2例。无蒂型声带息肉129例（声带息肉的基底长度大于或等于与声带息肉基底平行的声带息肉的最大径），有蒂型声带息肉27例（声带息肉的基底长度小于与声带息肉基底平行的声带息肉的最大径）。所有标本经福尔马林溶液固定，常规石蜡包埋、切片，HE染色观察。结果根据喉镜照片，对比病理观察结果把声带息肉分为五型：水肿型、血管扩张型、出血型和出血血栓型、纤维型、淀粉样变性型。156例声带息肉患者中水肿型70例（44．9％），无蒂者66例，有蒂者4例；血管扩张型49例（31．4％），无蒂者47例，有蒂者2例；纤维型15例（9．6％），无蒂者5例，有蒂者10例；出血型或出血血栓型13例（8．3％），无蒂者10例，有蒂者3例；淀粉样变性型9例（5．8％），无蒂者1例，有蒂者8例。不同类型声带息肉患者的病程进行统计分析，各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论根据临床形态将声带息肉划为不同的类型对指导临床工作有一定意义，对一部分水肿型、血管扩张型和出血型声带息肉，病变比较小、病程较短的患者可考虑保守治疗。纤维型声带息肉和淀粉样变性型声带息肉一般需要手术切除，淀粉样变性型声带息肉应注意与喉癌相鉴别。     

支撑喉镜下喉硅胶膜置入及声带缝合手术治疗喉蹼

目的探讨喉硅胶膜置入及声带黏膜缝合术在治疗喉蹼中的价值及预后转归。方法21例喉蹼患者，4例儿童，17例成人；其中既往有双侧声带手术史（声带任克水肿、声带小结、声带息肉、声带角化）8例，喉乳头状瘤手术史6例，喉部外伤史6例，先天性喉蹼1例。患者在全麻支撑喉镜下行喉蹼瘢痕松解后，15例成人行声带黏膜缝合及喉硅胶膜置入术；4例儿童及2例成人行单纯声带黏膜缝合术。结果15例喉硅胶膜置入患者3—4周后取出支撑的硅胶膜，除1例既往曾有喉裂开史，治疗后前联合处仍残留2—3mm粘连带外，其余14例患者声带前联合均获得良好三角形形态，发音明显改善，无呼吸困难。6例行单纯声带黏膜缝合患者呼吸及发音得到明显改善，2例成年患者前联合处残存2～3mm正常黏膜，术后声带即获得很好成形效果；4例患儿术后前联合残留2—3mm粘连。全部患者随诊6个月-3年，无瘢痕再生。结论喉硅胶膜置入及声带缝合手术治疗喉蹼，利于患者呼吸及发音功能的改善，避免颈外入路手术或气管切开及长期声门支撑，创伤小，并发症少。而声带黏膜单纯缝合手术还可以单独应用于粘连带相对较薄（小于5mm）、黏膜相对丰富的儿童及前联合残存正常黏膜的喉蹼患者。     

Functional remobilization evaluation of the paralyzed vocal cord by end-to-side neurorrhaphy in rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of end-to-side neurorrhaphy to treat vocal cord paralysis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study evaluating the effects of end-to-side neurorrhaphy to treat vocal cord paralysis by means of fiberoptic laryngoscopy and nerve electromyography. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into experimental group 1, experimental group 2, and a control group randomly. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was incised, and the distal end of the RLN was anastomosed to the right phrenic nerve by end-to-side neurorrhaphy in experimental group 1 or by end-to-end nerve anastomosis in experimental group 2, respectively. The adductor nerve branch of the right RLN was incised and anastomosed to the proximal end of the right ansa cervicalis nerve by end-to-end nerve anastomosis. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy and nerve electromyography were used to examine the vocal cord movement and nerve regeneration. RESULTS: Three months after operation, this effect of end-to-side neurorrhaphy created a significant difference compared with the end-to-end nerve anastomosis (P < .05). The end-to-side neurorrhaphy did not lead to vocal cord movement compared with end-to-end nerve anastomosis. CONCLUSION: Vocal cord paralysis cannot be treated by this microsurgical technique.     

KTP激光手术治疗T1a声门型喉癌远期疗效分析

目的：了解支撑喉镜下KTP激光声带切除术治疗T1a声门型喉癌的远期疗效。方法：选择1997～2001年问在我院单独应用KTP激光在支撑喉镜下行激光声带切除术治疗的T1a声门型喉癌95例,主要统计其局部控制率、复发率和5年生存率,全部病例通过电话或来院复诊等形式随访5～8年。结果：单独行KTP激光声带切除术的95例患者中,术后5年死亡0例,复发3例,失访3例,5年复发率为6．3％,5年生存率为96．8％。结论：支撑喉镜下激光声带切除术治疗T1a声门型喉癌的局部复发率和5年生存率均令人满意,应成为T1a声门型喉癌的首选治疗方案。     

Medialization laryngoplasty with strap muscle transposition for vocal fold atrophy with or without sulcus vocalis

OBJECTIVE: Vocal fold atrophy with or without sulcus vocalis may result in a spindle-shaped glottal incompetence (SGI). Because of varying drawbacks with all existing materials (e.g., Silastic block, Teflon, fat, etc.) used for medialization or augmentation of the atrophic vocal folds, there is a need to supplant these materials with a more stable, autologous tissue to correct the SGI. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-two patients with vocal fold atrophy underwent medialization laryngoplasty with strap muscle transposition. METHODS: Under local or general anesthesia, the thyroid lamina on the more affected side was vertically incised 5 mm off the midline. The inner perichondrium was carefully elevated from the overlying thyroid ala. Care was taken not to enter the laryngeal lumen. After dividing the thyrohyoid and cricothyroid membranes, the lamina was retracted laterally. To accommodate the muscle flap more easily, the caudal edge of the lamina was trimmed using a small burr. A bipedicled strap muscle flap was then transposed into the space between the lamina and the paraglottic soft tissue. The thyroid cartilages were carefully sutured back in place. All patients underwent pre- and postoperative voice evaluations including laryngostroboscopy, perceptual assessment, and acoustic and aerodynamic analyses. Patients who had been followed up for more than 3 months were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: A total of 27 of the 32 patients with complete pre- and postoperative voice function measurements were included in the analysis. Vocal improvement was demonstrated in 26 of these 27 (96%) patients. No dyspnea or other major complications were noted in any patients. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that medialization laryngoplasty with strap muscle transposition is a prosthesis-free, safe, and effective technique for correcting SGI caused by vocal fold atrophy.     

Reconstrucción de defectos orofaríngeos tras cirugía transoral robótica. Revisión y recomendaciones de la Comisión de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello

Transoral surgery of the oropharynx has seen an important evolution in recent years, expanding the surgical options available (TORS, TOUSS, TOLS). The capacity to resect increasingly extensive lesions and the number of patients who benefit from them. This fact has led to an evolution in the reconstruction of surgical defects after transoral surgery. This article aims to review the possible reconstructive techniques, indications and factors to be taken into account prior to surgery, proposing a protocol to assess the need for transoral reconstruction based on the depth of the defect, the staging, and previous treatment.     

Sulcus vocalis: a review

Sulcus vocalis is described as a groove at the free edge of the vocal fold. Different types have been described: sulcus type I is superficial and may be considered as moreless physiologic. Sulcus type IIa corresponds to a kind of vergeture along the margin of the vocal fold. Its deepness is variable but sulcus vergeture may involve deeper layers of the lamina propria. Sulcus type IIb or pounch may be considered as an open cyst. Sulcus lead to a complex glottic dysfunction with, in the same time, a glottal leakage responsible for the breathy component of the dysphonia and a stiffness of the free edge responsible for the roughness. Diagnosis may be difficult even with the help of stroboscopy and finally is sometimes done only under general anesthesia. Etiology remains controversial and the authors present arguments for each theory, acquired or congenital. Treatment options include phonosurgery and speech therapy but phonosurgery gives results often disappointing and surgical treatment must be indicated prudently and patient must be intensively informed on what he or she can expect from the treatment that is mainly an increase of the loudness of the voice.