早期康复治疗对急性脑梗死患者肢体运动功能的疗效观察

目的 探讨早期康复治疗对急性脑梗死患者偏瘫功能恢复的作用.方法 将78例急性脑卒中患者分成康复组、对照组,2组均常规使用神经内科药物治疗,康复组加以早期康复治疗,并对患者进行治疗前和治疗后4周采用简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定偏瘫运动功能,Barthel指数测定患者日常生活能力(ADL).结果 2组治疗前FMA和Barthel指数测评无统计学意义(P＞0.05),2组治疗后4周FMA和Barthel指数测评有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 早期康复训练对急性脑梗死患者患肢运动功能恢复和日常生活能力具有促进作用,可明显降低患者运动功能障碍程度,提高患者生活质量及恢复自信心.     

早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能作用的观察

目的 观察早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能恢复的作用.方法 将60例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为康复组(30例)和对照组(30例),2组均给予常规药物治疗和常规护理,康复组在此基础上采用早期肢体功能康复锻炼,3个月后进行效果评价;疗效评价采用Fugl-Meyer积分评价肢体功能,Barthel 指数评价日常生活能力.结果 对照组和康复组患者治疗后的FMA值及BI值均显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),康复组的功能改善优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 早期康复护理对脑卒中偏瘫患者能有效促进其生活能力及运动功能恢复,提高患者的生活质量.     

脑梗死偏瘫患者早期综合康复治疗对日常生活能力的影响

目的 观察早期综合康复治疗对脑梗死偏瘫患者日常生活能力（ADL） 的影响.方法 急性脑卒中偏瘫患者80 例随机分为康复组和对照组各40 例.康复组在接受神经内科常规药物治疗的同时配合康复治疗,2次/d,40～60 min/次,其余时间由家属协助训练;对照组只接受神经内科常规药物治疗.2组治疗30 d后采用Barthel 指数评分.结果 2组患者治疗后Barthel 指数有一定程度的改善,康复组评分明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 急性脑卒中患者的早期康复治疗能明显提高患者ADL 能力.     

镜像疗法联合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的影响

目的探讨镜像疗法联合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的影响。方法选取60例缺血性脑卒中上肢功能障碍的偏瘫患者,随机分为对照组29例行常规综合康复治疗,实验组31例为镜像疗法联合常规康复训练。采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评价量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA)、Wolf运动功能评价量表(Wolf motor function test,WMFT)和改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel indext,MBI)评分对上肢和手的运动功能及日常生活能力进行评价。结果与对照组同期相比,治疗1个月和治疗2个月实验组FMA评分较对照组提高(P0.05),治疗2个月实验组WMFT评分较对照组提高(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗1个月和2个月时实验组上肢MBI评分提高(P0.05);与同期对照组比较,治疗2个月时实验组MBI评分显著提高(P0.05)。结论镜像疗法联合康复训练有助于缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的恢复,改善患者的日常生活能力,可作为缺血性脑卒中后上肢功能康复的一种治疗手段。     

系统化康复治疗对脑卒中偏瘫患者功能恢复的影响

目的探讨系统化康复治疗对脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体运动功能和日常生活活动(ADL)能力的影响。方法 84例脑卒中患者随机分为康复组和对照组,分别于治疗前及治疗后60 d对两组患者采用简化Fugl-Meyer量表(FMA)和Barthel指数(BI)来评定患者运动功能及ADL能力。结果治疗前,两组患者的FMA评分和BI评分差异均无显著统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的FMA评分和BI评分与治疗前比较,均有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论系统化康复治疗对脑卒中偏瘫患者的肢体运动功能和ADL能力的恢复具有显著促进作用。     

早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能的影响

目的　探讨早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能及日常生活能力的影响。方法　 77例急性脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成康复组 3 9例和对照组 3 8例。两组患者接受神经内科常规治疗方法相同 ,康复组按早期康复训练程序进行系统训练 ,对照组自行锻炼。结果　采用修订的Barthel指数 (MBI)和Fugl Meyery运动功能积分法对两组患者进行治疗前后评定显示 :治疗前两组评分差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;治疗后康复组评分明显优于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能及日常生活能力恢复具有促进作用 ,对患者预后有良好的影响。     

老年脑卒中后抑郁对康复训练疗效的影响

目的探讨老年脑卒中后抑郁对康复训练疗效的影响。方法依据汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)的测定将40例老年脑卒中偏瘫患者分为抑郁组和非抑郁组,分别接受肢体功能康复训练运动疗法、作业疗法、物理疗法,2组病人分别在入院时及2个月后进行Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分(FMA)及日常生活活动(ADL)能力采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定,并进行比较。结果无论从运动功能还是从日常生活能力上,治疗效果非抑郁组明显好于抑郁组。结论老年脑卒中后抑郁影响康复治疗效果。     

早期康复对脑卒中患者治疗的影响

目的 探讨早期康复治疗对脑血管病偏瘫患者肢体功能恢复及日常生活活动(ADL)能力的作用.方法 选择急性脑血管病偏瘫患者210例,均为首次发病,随机分为康复治疗组及对照组.康复治疗组患者在神经科常规治疗基础上给予简单常规的康复治疗,以运动疗法为主;对照组给予神经科常规治疗.每例患者在治疗前,治疗后2周、1个月及半年时分别用Fugl-Meyer运动功能(FMA)量表测试运动功能、改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)测试ADL能力和神经功能缺损评分.结果 康复治疗组患者1个月及半年时ADL运动功能恢复均明显优于对照组.结论 早期的康复治疗对脑卒中偏瘫患者运动功能和日常生活活动能力具有良好的促进作用,可提高其生活质量,减少日后并发症.     

运动想象结合运动再学习对偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的作用

目的 探讨运动想象结合运动再学习对偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响.方法 将120例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成运动想象组(治疗组)和一般治疗组(对照组),其中治疗组60例,对照组60例,2组均进行常规神经内科药物治疗和运动再学习训练,其中运动想象组在训练前进行 "运动想象".2组均接受1次/d,40min/次,治疗6周.采用Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能评分法(FMA)、改良Barthel指数法(MBI)对2组患者治疗前、后上肢功能和日常生活活动能力进行评定.结果 2组患者上肢功能和日常生活活动能力积分较治疗前均有明显提高(P<0.01),但治疗组的改善明显优对照组(P<0.01).结论 运动再学习结合运动想象疗法可提高偏瘫患者上肢运动功能.     

早期康复治疗对急性脑卒中患者运动功能和生活能力的影响

目的探讨早期康复治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能和日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响。方法将50例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成康复组(25例)和对照组(25例)进行临床对照研究,两组均进行常规神经内科药物治疗,康复组加以运动疗法,每例患者入组时、治疗第30d分别用Fugl-Meyer运动功能(FMA)量表测试运动功能和改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)测试ADL。结果MBI值:康复组治疗前、后分别为:20.68±8.98、72.36±17.39,对照组治疗前后分别为:21.24±12.59、51.29±18.52。FMA值:康复组治疗前、后分别为33.84±12.63、68.46±20.45,对照组治疗前、后分别为32.13±11.26、44.25±18.86。康复组和治疗组组间及组内比较差异具有显著统计学意义。结论康复治疗对偏瘫患者运动功能和日常生活活动能力具有良好的促进作用。可明显降低患者的依赖程度,提高其生活质量。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -