Treatment of 48Cases of Theca Cyst by Combination of Filiform Needle with Hot—red Needle

Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ:Ｏｂｓｅｒｖｉｎｇｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｃａｃｙｓｔｂｙｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｎｅｅｄｌｅｗｉｔｈｈｏｔ ｒｅｄｎｅｅｄｌｅ.Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ:Ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎｇｆｉｒｅｎｅｅｄｌｅｗｉｔｈ 0 .8ｍｍｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｉｎ“ＮｅｗＮｉｎｅＮｅｅｄｌｅｓ”ａｎｄＮｏ .2 8ｆｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｎｅｅｄｌｅｓｗｉｔｈ 1 -2ｃｕｎ .Ａｆｔｅｒｒｅｇｕｌａｒｓｔｅｒｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ,Ｐｉｎｃｈａｎｄｌｉｆｔｔｈｅｔｈｅｃａｃｙｓｔｗｉｔｈｌ…     

Effectiveness and safety of red yeast rice predominated by monacolin K β-hydroxy acid form for hyperlipidemia treatment and management

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lipid-lowering activity and safety of a dietary supplement containing monacolin K β-hydroxy acid form(MKA), Heye(Folium Nelumbinis), and Cangzhu(Rhizoma Atractylodis Lanceae), compared to lifestyle modifications. METHODS: Totally 117 subjects with moderate to severe dyslipidemia(according to Chinese guidelines) and low CV risk were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: lifestyle modification(LM), LM plus a low dosage of MKA, LM plus a high dosage of MKA, and tre...     

Regulation of signaling molecules associated with insulin action, insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell mass in the hypoglycemic effects of Korean red ginseng in Goto-Kakizaki rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Korean red ginseng (KRG) has long history as herbal remedy for antidiabetic effect.

Aim of the study

To study molecular mechanisms by which KRG ameliorates diabetes mellitus, we investigated whether the supplementation with the aqueous extract of KRG as a dietary admixture (1%, w/w) regulates the expressions of signaling molecules that are associated with insulin action, insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell mass in spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.

Methods

An aqueous extract of KRG was supplemented for the estimated dosage to be 0.2 g/kg rat/day beginning at 5 weeks of age for 12 weeks in male GK rats. Plasma glucose levels were measured every 4 weeks. The expressions of signaling molecules that are associated with insulin action, insulin secretion and β-cell mass in tissues were determined by Western blotting.

Results

The 12-week supplementation with KRG significantly (P<0.05) decreased blood glucose compared to control. It up-regulated the expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 in adipose tissue, and down-regulated the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP)-1B in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. It also up-regulated the expression of insulin and down-regulated the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) 2, Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in pancreas.

Conclusions

These results suggest that GLUT4, PTP-1B, insulin, UCP2, Bax and PARP may be the primary targets of KRG that result in increase in insulin action and in insulin secretion, and decrease in β-cell mass, and that cause the normalization in glucose homeostasis.     

Anti-oxidative stress effect of red ginseng in the brain is mediated by peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) repression via estrogen receptor (ER) β up-regulation

Aim of the study

Ginseng has been used as an anti-stress agent, and its active ingredient, ginsenoside, is similar in structure to estrogen. However, the effect of ginseng on the stressed brain is not completely understood. The aim of this study is to understand systematically how red ginseng (RG) affects gene expressions in the brain of immobilization (IMO) stressed mice to elucidate its underlying mechanism.

Materials and methods

For in vivo experiments, mice were stressed by immobilization for 30, 45, or 60 min, and gene expression in the mice brain was analyzed by microarray and system biology. Apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and gene expression by Western blot or qPCR. For in vitro study, the SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells were stressed by H₂O₂ exposure. The resultant cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay, and gene expression by Western blot, ELISA, or qPCR.

Results

Microarray analysis of genes in IMO stressed mice brains showed that RG administration prior to IMO stress downregulated >40 genes including peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4). Interestingly, PADI4 was up-regulated by various stresses such as H₂O₂, acrylamide, and tunicamycin in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells but inhibited by RG. IMO stress and in vitro H₂O₂ stress depressed the estrogen receptor (ER)-β expression but not ERα. However, RG treatment increased ERβ expression both in vivo and in vitro. Comparative analysis regarding the networks by systems biology revealed that TNF-α plays a critical role in IMO stress, and the cell death associated network was much higher than other categories. Consistently, the IMO stress induced TNF-α and Cox-2 expressions, malondialdehyde (MDA), and cell death in the brain, whereas RG administration inhibited these inductions in vivo. siRNA and transient expression studies revealed that ERβ inhibited the PADI4 expression.

Conclusion

PADI4 could be used as an oxidative stress marker. RG seems to inhibit oxidative stress-inducible PADI4 by up-regulating ERβ expression in the brain thus protecting brain cells from apoptosis.