Morphometric study of the ascending aorta in human fetuses.

The present study was performed on 128 spontaneously aborted human fetuses, aged 15-34 weeks, to compile normative data for ascending aorta dimensions at varying gestational age. Using anatomical dissection, digital-image analysis (system of Leica QWin Pro 16) and statistical analysis (ANOVA, regression analysis) a range of measurements (Length, original and terminal external diameters, volume) for the ascending aorta during gestation was examined. No significant gender differences were found (P > 0.05). The growth curves of the best fit for the plot for each morphometric feature against gestational age were generated. Both the Length and external diameters of the ascending aorta were found to increase in a linear fashion throughout gestation. The Length ranged from 2.63 +/- 0.42 to 10.80 +/- 1.49mm, according to the linear function y = -4.678 + 0.4647x +/- 0.8447 (r = 0.95). The original external diameter ranged from 2.02 +/- 0.26 to 6.84 +/- 0.63 mm, according to the linear model y = -2.103 + 0.2684x +/- 0.3958 (r = 0.97). The terminal external diameter ranged from 1.73 +/- 0.20 to 6.29 +/- 0.52 mm, with accordance to the linear function y = -2.354 + 0.2567x +/- 0.3826 (r = 0.97). The ascending aorta volume ranged from 7.56 +/- 2.65 to 370.99 +/- 105.42 mm3, according to the quadratic function y = 373.1 - 43.38x + 1.30x(2) +/- 24.51 (R2 = 0.89). The growth curves generated from my data might be useful as a reference for fetal echocardiographers in the detection of some congenital cardiovascular abnormalities.     

Development of the fetal uterus between 19 and 38 weeks of gestation: in-utero ultrasonographic measurements.

In-utero assessment of the internal female genitalia is important for determination of fetal gender in fetuses with suspected genital tract anomalies. We therefore measured fetal uterine transverse width and circumference from 19 weeks of gestation until term, using transvaginal and transabdominal high-resolution ultrasound techniques in order to establish nomograms. A prospective, cross-sectional study on 180 normal singleton pregnancies was performed. Data were obtained for 140 normal fetuses. The mean +/- SD uterine width and circumference were 12.9 +/- 4.1 mm (95% confidence interval 12.1-13.7), and 40.2 +/- 12.5 mm (95% confidence interval 37.9-42.5) respectively. Uterine size as a function of gestational age was expressed by the regression equations: uterine width (mm) = 12.9 + 0.7 x gestational age (weeks), and uterine circumference (mm) = 40.2 + 2.1 x gestational age. The correlation coefficients, r = 0.885 and r = 0.888, for uterine width and circumference, by gestational age respectively, were highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). A nomogram of uterine width and circumference per gestational week, and the 95% prediction limits were defined. The present data offer baseline measurements of the fetal uterus that may allow intrauterine assessment of the female genital tract and associated fetal gender.     

Fetal hydrops associated with spontaneous premature closure of ductus arteriosus

A 36-year-old woman presenting with fetal growth restriction in the 25th week of gestation was referred to Kobe University Hospital where hydrops fetalis was detected. A stillborn fetus, 2012 g in weight and 40 cm in height, was delivered in the 33rd week of gestation. The mother had no past history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use during the pregnancy. The male fetus showed maceration without macroscopic anomalies, but it was markedly edematous with bilateral pleural effusion and massive ascites. The autopsy revealed an enlarged heart and aortic coarctation in the region of the ductus arteriosus. A mild form of aortic coarctation and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus with fibrous thickening of the wall were observed. The lungs were atelectatic with vascular dilatation and congestion. This is the first documented case of hydrops fetalis caused by spontaneous premature closure of the ductus arteriosus concomitant with aortic coarctation. The findings suggest that some form of idiopathic, or spontaneous, closure of the ductus arteriosus can be one of the causes of chronic fetal heart failure, coarctation of the aorta, and fetal hydrops.     

Morphometric study of the human fetal heart. I. Arterial segment

This study measured the dimensions of the great arteries of normal human fetal hearts at an early fetal stage (between 13-20 weeks post-fertilization) in 103 fetuses obtained by necropsy. Different segments of the aorta and the pulmonary artery were dissected and their external diameters measured under stereoscopic magnification. All segments showed linear growth during this period of fetal development. Ranges in median values of external diameters associated with the pulmonary artery were: 2.1-4.2 mm for the valve ring; 2.2-4.2 mm for the main pulmonary trunk; 1.2-2.5 mm for the right pulmonary artery; 0.9-2.18 mm for the left pulmonary artery; and 4.0-8.0 mm for the length of the main pulmonary trunk. Similarly, in the aorta, median diameters were: 2.1-4.2 mm for the ascending aorta; 1.92-3.8 mm for the aortic arch; 1.45-3.0 mm for the aortic isthmus; and 1.75 -3.35 mm for the descending aorta. The diameter of the ductus arteriosus ranged between 1.2-2.45 mm. The growth rates of the pulmonary artery and the aorta were similar. The diameter of the ascending aorta was found to be greater than that of the descending aorta and the right pulmonary artery was wider than the left pulmonary artery. In addition, the magnitude of growth in the various aortic segments was different and the ratios obtained between the aortic isthmus and the ascending and descending aortae, ranged between 0.66-0.93. This study provides important morphometric reference information concerning the dimensions and growth of the great arteries of the fetal heart and has clinical application in pediatric cardiac surgery and echocardiography.     

Ultrasonographic estimation of fetal gestational age by fetal kidney length

Introduction: Fetal kidney length vs biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) were comparatively evaluated and the role of fetal kidney length in estimating gestational age was determined in the second and third trimesters. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 199 women with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies attending the outdoor patient department (OPD) for routine ultrasound fetal biometry. Fetal kidney length was measured biweekly, between 18 weeks and 38 weeks of gestation. Linear regression models for estimation of gestational age were derived from biometric indices (BPD and FL) and kidney length. Result: The earliest age at which fetal kidney could be seen sonographically was the 18th week of gestation with the mean kidney length of 12 ± 1.31 mm. The mean sonographic kidney length at the 38th week of gestation was 40.4 ± 1.71 mm, indicating that the mean fetal kidney length increases as pregnancy progresses from 18 weeks to 38 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: The best linear regression model for estimating fetal gestational age is femur length, kidney length, and biparietal diameter in that order, with standard error of ±3.85 days, ±8.04 days, and ±8.75 days, respectively.     

Scaling Approach to Study the Changes Through the Gestation of Human Fetal Cardiac and Circulatory Behaviors

During human gestation, fetal body size increases considerably and important transformations occur to hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system of the fetus. Vascular compliances and resistances as well as the cardiac function show important changes. In order to investigate these modifications, a mathematical approach based on scaling techniques was developed. Vascular and cardiac parameters of the human fetus were related by allometric equations to the anatomical dimensions of vessels that, in turn, depend on the fetal body weight and the gestational age. A scaling factor (b) was identified for each parameter under study: vascular resistances and flow inertances decrease with gestational age b=--1 for viscous losses and b=--1.33 for convective dissipations, b=--0.33 for flow inertances) whereas vascular compliances remarkably increase (b=1.33). Scaling factors were also adopted for the fetal cardiac parameters, according to experimental data on the development of fetal myocardium. Parameter values calculated for each week of the last trimester of the fetal gestation, were tested using a mathematical lumped parameter model, previously developed for a human fetus near the term of the gestation. The validation of the scaling method adopted for the parameters was performed by comparing the results of the simulations with a group of data obtained by Doppler velocimetry at different stages of fetal normal gestation. The adopted allometric equations were appropriate in describing the development of the human fetal circulatory system. The ductus venosus, the ductus arteriosus, and the foramen ovale, that conclude their function at the birth moment, as well as the lungs and the brain, do not follow the general growth rate and require different scaling factors. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8719Uv, 8719Hh, 8710+e     

三维超声容积测量功能监测胎儿小脑发育

目的应用三维超声技术监测胎儿小脑发育;探讨三维超声测量小脑体积的可行性,从而获取正常数据。方法研究对象为571例正常胎儿,胎龄15～35周。随机选取30例行三维测量的组内及组间重复性检验。应用三维超声在体器官计算机辅助分析技术测量小脑体积,分析其与孕周、双顶径的关系。结果三维超声测量小脑体积的重复性检验各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。胎儿小脑体积随孕周增加而逐渐增加（r2=0.916,P〈0.05）,并与胎头双顶径增长一致（r^2=0.877,P〈0.05）。结论三维超声容积测量功能检测胎儿小脑体积重复性好。小脑体积随孕周增加而逐渐增大。所获数据对判断异常具有重要参考意义。     

Morphometric study of the brachiobicarotid trunk in human fetuses

The study was conducted to define a normal range for the length, external diameter and volume of the brachiobicarotid trunk during gestation. The material examined consisted of 128 human fetuses of both sexes (63 male, 65 female) aged from 15 to 34 weeks, from spontaneous abortions or stillbirths. The arterial bed was filled with white latex LBS 3060, specimens were fixed in a 10% formalin, and then branches of the aortic arch were dissected, recorded using a camera, and digitalized to JPEG images. Afterwards, the brachiobicarotid trunks underwent morphometric analysis with the digital image analysis system of Leica QWin Pro16. Regression analysis was used to investigate the growth of the brachiobicarotid trunk during gestation. The brachiobicarotid trunk was observed in 27 of the 128 fetuses studied (21.09%). The results showed the brachiobicarotid trunk length as a function of fetal age, which could be expressed by y=−1.250+0.1433x±0.7682, and the brachiobicarotid trunk diameter by y=−3.034+0.2845±0.4253. The volumetric growth of the brachiobicarotid trunk followed the quadratic function y=178.5−19.69x+0.545x²±20.112. The correlation coefficients between arterial length or external diameter and fetal age, and the coefficient of determination between arterial volume and fetal age were as follows: r=0.76 for length, r=0.97 for external diameter, and R²=0.84 for volume (P<0.001). The relative diameter of the brachiobicarotid trunk increased from 0.738±0.089 to 0.916±0.088 during the study period.     

Gestational age--the most important factor of neonatal ponderal index

Ponderal index (fetal weight in grams X 100 / (fetal length in centimeters)3) (PI) is one of the anthropometric methods used to diagnose impaired fetal growth. Irrespective of the infant's position on the growth-weight-for-gestational age charts, PI is low in malnourished infants and high in obese ones. As fetal growth is affected by ethnicity, geographic location and socioeconomic status, we developed standards for neonatal PI, and assessed the effects of gestational age, sex and maternal parity. Data on 5798 newborns from singleton pregnancies born in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Split University Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Over a 15-month period in 2000/2001, 5596 newborns from 24 to 42 weeks of gestation were born. The other 202 newborns, born from 24 to 34 weeks of gestation in the ten year period, 1990-1999, were added because of the small number of preterm infants; ensuring a minimum of 30 to fill up at least infants in each gestational week. All mothers were of Caucasian origin. Stillbirths and fetuses with congenital malformations were excluded. The 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles, mean values with standard deviation of PI and the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of birth weight and birth length are presented separately at weekly intervals. PI showed linear correlation with gestational age from 24 to 39 weeks, after witch the data plateaued. Sex and parity had no impact on PI in infants born between 24 and 37 weeks. Analysis of variance revealed PI to be significantly higher in female than in male newborns, and in multiparous than in nulliparous infants after 37 weeks of gestation. In conclusion, gestational age is the most important factor of neonatal PI. The effects of sex and parity on PI should only be considered in term neonates.     

The fetal gallbladder: morphology and morphometry by microdissection

Most studies of the fetal gallbladder have been performed using ultrasonography. The identification of the fetal gallbladder and the presence of gallstones have been determined this way. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the actual fetal gallbladder by microdissection and to examine its internal features and content. Eighty-nine formalin-embalmed fetuses of CR age 35 mm to 342 mm, i.e. 10 weeks to 36 weeks gestational age (GA), were studied by hepatic evisceration. The fetal gallbladder was examined in-situ in its bed, in relation to the umbilical vein, the anterior hepatic margin and its protrusion below the inferior hepatic surface of the liver. After excision, the form, length and diameters of the gallbladder were determined and its internal surface, lumen and content also examined. The mean length of the fetal gallbladder for the gestational ages studied ranged from 2.21 mm (10 weeks GA) to 281.6 mm (32 weeks GA); the mean fundal diameter ranged from 0.4 mm (one specimen only) to 9.42.4 mm for the same period, while the infundibular width ranged from 0.41 mm (one specimen only) to 9.01.6 mm, and the antero-posterior diameter at the fundus ranged from 0.90.3 mm to 9.03.3 mm for the same period. The parameters of the gallbladder for the period examined showed a curvilinear increase in size and were consistent with the ultrasonographic studies. The distance of the fetal gallbladder from the umbilical vein was variable and, as the gallbladder lengthened, the fundus encroached the anterior hepatic margin towards 34 weeks. A descent of the gallbladder from an "intra-hepatic" position early in fetal life to a sub-hepatic position later was clearly evident. The gallbladder wall was thick in early fetal life (10-13 weeks GA) and contained crumbly debris. Bile staining occurred at 14 weeks gestational age and the mucosa took on the normal appearance with the bile having an adult colour and consistency at 20 weeks GA.     

基于3.0 T MRI的二维定量指标在胎儿肱骨发育评估中的应用价值

目的 探讨基于3.0 T MRI的二维定量指标在胎儿肱骨发育评估中的应用价值。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2018年1月—2021年10月泰安市中心医院74例非生长发育受限胎儿的MRI资料。受检孕妇年龄20~46（30.8±5.9）岁,孕周26~37（32.7±3.4）周。采集真实稳态进动快速成像（TrueFISP）序列MRI,测量胎儿肱骨的二维定量指标（肱骨干长度,肱骨近侧和远侧软骨骨骺横径、前后径、高径,以及肱骨总长度）。应用Pearson相关分析二维定量指标与孕龄的相关性;观察肱骨近侧和远侧次级骨化中心的出现时间。结果 胎儿肱骨干长度、肱骨总长度和肱骨近侧软骨骨骺前后径均与孕龄呈高度正相关（r=0.83、0.84、0.72,P值均<0.001）;胎儿肱骨近侧软骨骨骺横径和肱骨远侧软骨骨骺横径、前后径、高径均与孕龄呈中度正相关（r=0.64、0.56、0.53、0.53,P值均<0.001）;胎儿肱骨近侧软骨骨骺高径与孕龄呈低度正相关（r=0.38,P=0.001）。肱骨远侧次级骨化中心最早出现时间在36~37⁺⁶周,26~35⁺⁶周均未见;26~37⁺⁶周胎儿肱骨近侧均未出现次级骨化中心。结论 基于3.0 T MRI的二维定量指标可较好评估孕龄26~37⁺⁶周胎儿肱骨生长发育,可为产前诊断胎儿肱骨疾病提供参考依据。     

胎儿动脉导管的超声观测及其意义

目的:了解胎儿发育过程中动脉导管(DA)的发育变化规律,为进一步探索其异常改变时是否与某些类型先天性心脏病存在相关性积累资料。方法:使用高分辨率彩超仪对1100例20～40孕周胎儿DA的形态结构进行观察并测量其内径,统计不同孕周DA内径正常值范围。结果:1100例观察结果DA显示956例,显示率为86.91%。根据DA开口部位可分为独立型占68.59%(190/277)和共干型占31.41%(87/277);根据DA是否发出左肺动脉分支又可分为有分支型占15.16%(42/277)和无分支型84.84%(235/277)。随孕周增大DA内径逐渐增大,并且其数值离散度也相应增大。结论:高分辨率彩超对中晚孕胎儿DA大多数可以显示其形态结构及内径大小,可作为评估DA发育状况的有效检测手段。     

Sonographic measurement of ear length among normal fetuses of pregnant Igbo women in port Harcourt,Nigeria

BackgroundFetal ear length measurement has been associated with some clinical values: sonographic marker for chromosomal aneuploidy and for biometric estimation of fetal gestational age.ObjectivesTo establish a baseline reference value for fetal ear length and to assess relationship between fetal ear length and gestational age.MethodsEar length measurements were obtained prospectively from fetuses in 551 normal singleton pregnancies of 15 to 41 weeks gestation. Normal cases were defined as normal sonographic findings during examination plus normal infant post-delivery. The relationship between gestational age (GA) in weeks and fetal ear length (FEL) in millimeters were analyzed by simple linear regression. Correlation of FEL measurements with GA, biparietal diameter (BPD), Head circumference (HC), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Femur Length (FL) and maternal age (MA) were also obtained.ResultsLinear relationships were found between FEL and GA (FEL=0.872GA-2.972). There was a high correlation between FEL and GA (r = 0.837; P = .001). Good linear relationship and strong positive correlation were demonstrated between FEL and BPD, AC, HC, and FL (p<0.05).ConclusionThe result of this study provides normal baseline reference value for FEL. The study also showed good linear relationship and good correlation between FEL and fetal biometric measurements.     

Morphometric analysis of the growth of the normal fetal guinea pig lung

The structural development of the fetal guinea pig lung is described and quantified morphometrically in this report. At 35 days gestation the lung is in the pseudoglandular phase of growth, by 40 days it is in the canalicular phase, and at 50 days the saccular growth phase has begun. At term (67 days), the fetal guinea pig lung appears mature. From the beginning of the canalicular to the end of the saccular phases, the correlation coefficient between lung volume and gestational age is +.98, between internal surface area and gestational age is +.94 and between total number of saccules and gestational age is +.97. Internal surface area (ISA) correlates closely with lung volume (r = +.99) and the correlation coefficient between total number of saccules and lung volume is +.98. At term, lung volume is 4.22 ml. ISA is 0.5 M2, and total number of saccules is 253 million. Parenchymal growth is achieved by increases in both number and size of airspaces in the canalicular phase, primarily by increases in number during the early saccular phase and largely by increases in airspace size near term. The total length of parenchymal elastic tissue increases from 223 M at 45 days gestation to 5,253 M at term. Elastic tissue fibers first appear in the parenchyma of the fetal guinea pig lung during the canalicular phase, when the rate of saccule formation is high. The quantitative increase in elastic tissue correlates closely with the increase in the total number of saccules from day 45 to day 60 of gestation (r = +.99). The rate of elastic tissue growth increases sharply in the late saccular phase, coinciding with the period of greatest saccular expansion. These data suggest an interdependent relationship between saccular growth, i.e., proliferation and expansion, and the development of lung parenchymal elastic tissue.     

Intrauterine sonographic assessments of embryonic heart diameter

Our purpose was to evaluate embryonic heart diameter in early first- trimester pregnancy using intrauterine sonography with a 20 MHz flexible catheter-based high-resolution real-time miniature transducer. A total of 40 women about to undergo therapeutic abortion from 6-9.9 weeks gestational age and one abnormal pregnancy with fetal hydrops at 9 weeks were studied with a specially developed catheter-based high- resolution real-time miniature (2.4 mm outer diameter) ultrasound transducer (20 MHz). A curvilinear relationship was found between the menstrual age and embryonic heart diameter (R2 = 95.7%), and a normal range of embryonic heart diameter for estimating the growth of the embryonic heart during early first-trimester pregnancy was generated. A normogram of menstrual age as predicted by embryonic heart diameter was also established. There was a good curvilinear correlation between embryonic heart diameter and crown-rump length (R2 = 90.1%). The embryonic heart diameter/crown-rump length ratio rapidly decreased from week 6 to week 7, and remained almost constant thereafter. Embryonic heart diameter (5.2 mm) in the case of fetal hydrops at 9 weeks was above the normal range. These results may provide an additional method of estimating gestational age in the early first trimester of pregnancy. In this limited series, a single case of embryonic heart enlargement was demonstrated, suggesting its potential use in the detection of embryonic congestive heart failure.      

The fetal gallbladder morphology and morphometry by microdissection

Most studies of the fetal gallbladder have been performed using ultrasonography. The identification of the fetal gallbladder and the presence of gallstones have been determined this way. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology and morphometry of the actual fetal gallbladder by microdissection and to examine its internal features and content. Eighty-nine formalin-embalmed fetuses of CR age 35mm to 342mm, i.e. 10 weeks to 36 weeks gestational age (GA), were studied by hepatic evisceration. The fetal gallbladder was examined in-situ in its bed, in relation to the umbilical vein, the anterior hepatic margin and its protrusion below the inferior hepatic surface of the liver. After excision, the form, length and diameters of the gallbladder were determined and its internal surface, lumen and content also examined. The mean length of the fetal gallbladder for the gestational ages studied ranged from 2.21mm (10 weeks GA) to 281.6mm (32 weeks GA) the mean fundal diameter ranged from 0.4mm (one specimen only) to 9.42.4mm for the same period, while the infundibular width ranged from 0.41mm (one specimen only) to 9.01.6mm, and the antero-posterior diameter at the fundus ranged from 0.90.3mm to 9.03.3mm for the same period. The parameters of the gallbladder for the period examined showed a curvilinear increase in size and were consistent with the ultrasonographic studies. The distance of the fetal gallbladder from the umbilical vein was variable and, as the gallbladder lengthened, the fundus encroached the anterior hepatic margin towards 34 weeks. A descent of the gallbladder from an “intra-hepatic” position early in fetal life to a sub-hepatic position later was clearly evident. The gallbladder wall was thick in early fetal life (10–13 weeks GA) and contained crumbly debris. Bile staining occurred at 14 weeks gestational age and the mucosa took on the normal appearance with the bile having an adult colour and consistency at 20 weeks GA.     

Anthropometry of Malawian live births between 35 and 41 weeks of gestation

The aim of this analysis was to construct cross-sectional gestational age specific percentile curves for birthweight, length, head and mid-arm circumference for Malawian babies, and to compare these percentiles with reference values for babies born to women with normal pregnancies, from a developed country. A cross-sectional study which enrolled pregnant women attending two study hospitals between March 1993 and July 1994 was undertaken. Data on maternal socio-economic status, newborn anthropometry, previous obstetric history and current pregnancy were collected. Smoothed percentile values were derived using the LMS method. Malawian reference percentiles were constructed for fetal growth from 35 weeks' gestation for singleton births. Mean birthweight, length and head circumference were lower at all gestational ages for Malawian compared with Swedish newborns. Fetal growth per completed gestational week was higher by 60 g in weight, 0.5 cm in length and 0.2 cm in head circumference in Swedish compared with Malawian babies. Growth restriction was present from 35 to 41 weeks' gestation. The pattern for the 10th percentile suggested that this was occurring from well before 35 weeks' gestation in a proportion of babies.     

Transverse Cerebellar Diameter - A Marker for Estimation of Gestational Age

The cerebellum lies in the posterior cranial fossa. In the embryo, cerebellum appears at the end of fifth week. The cerebellum is easily visualized sonographically. Measurement and demonstration of fetal cerebellum is a new and unique parameter of fetal brain growth and also useful in assessing gestational age. The prospective study was carried out on 50 antenatal patients (20–40 years of age) between 14–40 weeks of pregnancy attending the clinic for routine ultrasound examination. Ultrosonographic measurement of Transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) was done to assess the Gestational age. Mean TCD was 17.32 mm in 14–20 weeks of gestation, 26.63 mm in 21–30 weeks and 40.73mm in 31–40 weeks. Regression analysis indicates a significant relationship between TCD and gestational age, indicating that TCD is a good marker for estimation of gestional age.     

13—41周胎儿11项生长发育指标的研究

对１３￣３５周正常胎儿及３６￣４１周的正常新生儿测身长、体重、头围、胸围、腹围、上臂围、顶臀长、双顶径、足底长９项生长发育指标，１３￣３５周胎儿加测右肱骨长、股骨长。体重于２３￣３７周增长加快，腹围、足底长于２８￣３６周增长最快，双顶径于２３￣２７周增长最快，３７周后各项指标增长均缓慢。２６周时体重、身长、双顶径、头围、胸围、腹围、顶臂长有一个增长高峰。３５￣３６周时除顶臂长外其它又有一个增长高峰     

动脉导管三角的解剖及其临床应用

目的:研究动脉导管三角区,为动脉导管结扎术提供形态学依据。方法:在尸体标本上模拟动脉导管结扎术操作步骤对动脉导管三角进行解剖,并对相关结构进行观察测量,结果进行统计学处理。结果:左支气管动脉在动脉导管下窗发自降主动脉的占28.6%(4例),在动脉导管上窗发自主动脉弓的占7.1%(1例),动脉韧带长(11.1±1.4)mm,主动脉峡部外径(21.9±2.1)mm,二者之比为0.49±0.05,有直线相关性(r=0.892,P<0.001)。左喉返神经跨越动脉韧带的主动脉侧1/3者占57.2%,中间1/3及肺动脉侧1/3者均为21.4%。结论:熟悉动脉导管三角的解剖结构及其量化关系,有助于更好地避免动脉导管结扎术中并发症的发生。