皮肤扩张术在面部皮肤病损修复中的应用

目的:总结应用皮肤扩张术修复面部皮肤病损的临床经验。方法:Ⅰ期手术选用50～400ml容量的扩张器埋植于面部病损邻近皮肤正常区域的皮下层,注水扩张1～4个月;Ⅱ期切除面部病损,运用扩张皮瓣修复皮肤缺损。结果:23例中,21例面部病损切除后利用扩张皮肤形成局部皮瓣一次完成修复,修复后的皮肤质地和色泽与受区接近,外形满意。一次修复缺损创面最大者约8cm×11cm。1例于Ⅰ期手术后53天扩张器外露,提前取出扩张器形成局部皮瓣加植皮修复,效果良好;1例为较大面积的面部扁平瘢痕,第一次扩张后仍残留1/4瘢痕,经二次扩张遂完全切除瘢痕并修复。结论:运用皮肤扩张术修复面部病损切除后的皮肤缺损是一种较为理想的修复方法,在某些特殊情况下,可能还需要辅助植皮或应用连续扩张法完成修复。     

应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复面部皮肤缺损

目的：探讨皮肤软组织扩张术用于面部皮肤缺损美容修复的临床应用价值。方法：I期手术根据32例面部组织病损修复需要的不同特点设计并制作扩张皮瓣,II期手术切除皮损区域并利用扩张皮瓣修复缺损区。结果：32例中,30例面部病损切除后利用扩张皮肤形成局部皮瓣一次完成修复,修复后的皮肤质地和色泽与受区接近,外形满意。一次修复缺损创面最大者约7cm×10cm。患者修复后皮损区愈合良好,瘢痕较小,功能恢复良好,效果满意。结论：运用皮肤扩张术修复面部病损切除后的皮肤缺损是一种较为理想的修复方法,在某些特殊情况下,可能还需要辅助植皮或应用连续扩张法完成修复。面部皮肤扩张技术的应用,使该区域的修复达到更接近正常的效果。     

面部皮肤缺损几何分解后局部皮瓣修复

目的：介绍面部皮肤缺损几何分解后联合多个或多种局部皮瓣修复的经验与体会。方法：在修复面部较大范围、形状不规则或跨越面部不同美容分区的皮肤软组织缺损时,根据创面的大小、形状、部位及周围皮肤松动情况,将创面进行几何分解成2个或2个以上的规则形状的缺损,分别以相应的局部皮瓣联合修复创面。结果：对64例患者进行手术,术后创面均Ⅰ期愈合,皮瓣成活良好。47例获随访3～12个月,修复皮瓣与周围皮肤组织的色泽、质地相近,切口瘢痕平软且较隐蔽,面部轮廓无明显牵拉影响。结论：采用将面部创面几何分解后联合多个或多种局部皮瓣修复的方法,可以获得满意的面部形态和美容修复效果。     

面颊部血管瘤切除修复一例

目的 总结应用扩张皮瓣修复面颊部血管瘤切除后较大缺损的手术方法及临床效果. 方法 应用颊部扩张皮瓣及局部岛状皮瓣修复面颊部血管瘤切除后缺损1例,男,45岁; 血管瘤大小10 cm×6 cm.手术分两期进行,一期行组织扩张器植入术,二期行血管瘤切除、颊部旋转皮瓣和局部岛状皮瓣移位修复缺损创面. 结果 患者伤口Ⅰ期愈合,面部表情活动正常.1年后随访,血管瘤无复发,切口瘢痕不明显,获得良好的治疗和美容效果. 结论 颊部扩张皮瓣皮肤组织量充足,手术切口与颜面部美容单位边界一致,适宜于面颊部较大创面的修复.     

扩张后皮瓣在面部美容整形中的应用

目的 探讨应用扩张后皮瓣修复面部色素痣、血管瘤、瘢痕等病损切除后创面的美容效果.方法 总结67例患者的治疗经验,根据面部病损的面积,选择适当容量的扩张器.切口一般选择在病损区,剥离平面位于SMAS筋膜浅层,剥离腔隙大于扩张囊边缘1.0～1.5 cm,止血完善后,置入扩张器,放置负压引流管.皮肤扩张充分后,扩张皮瓣的设计有推进皮瓣、旋转皮瓣、易位皮瓣等.推进转移利用扩张后的皮瓣面积充分,不需考虑供区缺损.易位皮瓣能最大限度利用扩张后皮瓣,并能克服旋转和推进皮瓣所带来的器官移位、变形等.同时,在面部设计皮瓣时应尽量减少切口,如切口不可避免时,使切口顺沿皮纹.结果 67例应用扩张后皮瓣修复面部病损切除后创面,皮瓣成活良好.术后效果满意.结论 面部有可供扩张的皮肤时,合理设计扩张后皮瓣修复病损切除后创面,是目前较好的治疗方法.     

局部皮瓣在面部创伤性皮肤软组织缺损急诊修复中的应用

目的 探索依据整形外科原则应用局部皮瓣急诊修复面部创伤性软组织缺损的效果.方法 对32例面部皮肤软组织即时性创伤性缺损,于严格清创后,根据创面缺损情况,按整形外科原则分别设计皮下浅表肌腱膜系统(SMAS)蒂皮瓣、V-Y推进皮瓣、眼轮匝肌蒂岛状皮瓣、鼻唇沟皮瓣等修复创面,精细缝合关闭伤口.结果 32例伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访6～18个月,无明显瘢痕增生,无功能障碍,无需Ⅱ期修复,美容效果良好.结论 遵照整形外科基本原则采用局部皮瓣修复面部创伤性皮肤软组织缺损,可获得满意的效果,值得临床推广应用.     

应用局部皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损

目的：探讨应用面部局部皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损的效果。方法：自2005年7月～2009年6月,应用局部皮瓣修复面部各部位的皮肤软组织缺损22例。根据各部位的情况设计局部皮瓣,转移修复面部皮肤软组织缺损创面。结果：术后随访22例患者3个月～5年,皮瓣完全成活,切口愈合良好,瘢痕不明显,修复的外形效果满意。结论：局部皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损创面是临床实用有效的方法,美容效果良好。     

Limberg皮瓣在面部缺损创面修复中的应用

目的:观察Limberg皮瓣修复面部缺损创面的效果.方法:9例面部肿物切除后皮肤软组织缺损患者设计Limberg皮瓣修复创面.其中肿瘤患者3例;色素痣患者6例.结果:9例患者术后皮瓣均未出现动脉供血和静脉回流障碍,皮瓣色泽、质地较好;伤口Ⅰ期愈合,随访3～6月未见肿物或色素痣复发,瘢痕不明显,形态满意.结论:Limberg皮瓣修复面部中小缺损创面效果良好.设计原则包括:将旋转瓣设计在临近皮肤最松弛区域并且最好完整覆盖一个凸出的美学单位;如果局部旋转后发生猫耳畸形,可以使用皮下蒂皮瓣或者改良的Limberg皮瓣(DuFourmentel皮瓣);如缺损为圆形,用阅读者皮瓣(the reading man procedure)效果可能更好.     

眼轮匝肌蒂SMAS皮瓣修复鼻翼皮肤缺损

眼轮匝肌蒂ＳＭＡＳ皮瓣修复鼻翼皮肤缺损王晓军徐世荣马晓冰李斌赵红艺面积较大的鼻翼皮肤缺损，由于其部位的解剖结构特点，局部皮瓣移转难以修复创面。或修复后常形成明显的瘢痕或畸形。以往的手术方法多行游离植皮术。然而，皮片移植具有术后收缩、颜色与周围肤色不一...     

局部皮瓣在鼻部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除后创面修复中的临床应用

目的:探讨应用局部皮瓣在鼻部皮肤恶性肿瘤切除后修复创面缺损的方法和效果。方法:2012年1月到2014年1月收治的鼻部皮肤恶性肿瘤患者39例。其中基底细胞癌31例,鳞状细胞癌8例,所有患者病变局限且未发现转移证据。手术切除肿瘤后根据缺损的大小、形状、位置及周围皮肤情况设计局部皮瓣进行修复。皮瓣大小为0.8cm×1.0cm~4.5cm×5.0cm,其中菱形皮瓣9例,双叶瓣1例,V-Y皮瓣4例,O-Z皮瓣5例,鼻唇沟皮瓣15例,额鼻皮瓣4例,额瓣1例。结果:37例患者缺损区局部皮瓣修复后Ⅰ期愈合,2例患者切口感染,经抗炎治疗并加强换药后Ⅱ期愈合。供区均未形成继发性缺损,达到Ⅰ期愈合。全部患者术后随访8~20个月,恶性肿瘤均无复发。鼻部外形总体轮廓良好,移植皮瓣与周围皮肤在颜色、质地等方面匹配良好,达到满意的面部形态和整形美容效果。结论:鼻部恶性肿瘤切除后根据缺损创面的大小、位置、形状及周围皮肤情况选用合适的局部皮瓣进行修复,可以取得较好及稳定的整形美容效果。     

Local Hatchet Flap for Facial Skin Defects Reconstruction in Special Areas

BACKGROUND: The local hatchet flap has been used to reconstruct skin defects of the face with satisfactory results. Cosmetically, it has advantages over other local flaps when skin defects are located in special areas such as the eyelid. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the application of local hatchet flaps for facial defect reconstruction, especially in cases where reconstruction is classically difficult for cosmetic and functional rehabilitation. METHODS: We report an illustrated case series. Results. In this study, all four cases achieved satisfactory functional and cosmetic results using the local hatchet flap. CONCLUSIONS: The local hatchet flap is an effective and simple alternative for reconstructing facial defects in special areas of the face, offering good cosmetic results and satisfactory function.     

The Use of a Combined Local Flap for Reconstructing a Complex Nasal Defect

The main goals of reconstruction of nasal defects are to restore the topographic subunit outline, thereby maintaining the aesthetic three-dimensional facial contours and more importantly ensuring a patent airway. Wide excision of tumours of the external nose can at times result in complex defects causing significant facial disfigurement and this poses a significant reconstructive challenge. Nasal reconstruction with only micro-vascular free flaps can at times produce poor aesthetic outcomes as distant skin often appears as a mismatched patch within the surrounding normal facial skin. We describe a novel technique for external nose reconstruction using a combination two well described local flaps, superiorly based nasolabial flap alongside a paramedian forehead flap.     

Subcutaneous Pedicle Limberg Flap for Facial Reconstruction

Background. A residual dog-ear arising from the traditional Limberg flap transposition sometimes influences the cosmetic outcomes, and the Limberg flap with a subcutaneous pedicle is an innovation applicable to a variety of facial defects and free from the dog-ear.
Objective. To investigate the outcome of the subcutaneous pedicle Limberg flap for the reconstruction of medium-sized facial skin defects.
Materials and Methods. From August 2002 to June 2004, the subcutaneous pedicle Limberg flap was designed to repair facial skin defects in 17 patients (19 flaps), and the size of the lesions ranged from 2.0 × 1.9 cm to 5.0 × 4.5 cm.
Results. All flaps survived with primary healing postoperatively. The patients were followed up from 1 to 22 months, and functionally and cosmetically satisfactory outcomes were achieved.
Conclusions. This subcutaneous pedicle Limberg flap provides a competitive repair alternative for the treatment of medium-sized skin defects in the face.     

多个局部皮瓣在颜面部美学重建中的联合应用

目的 探讨联合应用多个局部皮瓣协同修复颜面部中、小面积的皮肤软组织缺损的优势.方法 根据患者皮肤软组织缺损创面大小及部位的不同,遵循分区修复原则,选择相应的局部皮瓣联合修复覆盖创面,使切口尽可能隐蔽及顺应面部自然轮廓线或皮肤皱纹线.结果 77例患者中74例创面Ⅰ期愈合,3例Ⅱ期愈合;术后全部随访1～8个月,修复皮瓣与周围皮肤在色泽、质地、轮廓等方面均有较好的相似度,切口隐蔽、无明显瘢痕,肿瘤切除后未见复发,面部轮廓及视觉效果良好,美学效果满意.结论 联合应用多个局部皮瓣对颜面部创伤缺损进行修复,可以明显提高修复质量,最大程度地恢复颜面部美学外观.     

Subcutaneous island pedicle flap: variations and versatility for facial reconstruction

PURPOSE: Reconstruction of facial skin defects may be a clinical challenge in respect to esthetic considerations, and the V-Y advancement island pedicle flap has been a versatile and reliable method. Besides the V-Y flap, this article is to introduce the variations of subcutaneous island pedicle flaps and their versatility for facial reconstruction. METHODS: From August 1994 to August 2005, 179 cases of medium-sized facial skin defects within 1 cosmetic unit were reconstructed with the variations of island pedicle flaps, and the length and width of the defects following removal of lesion ranged from 1.2 cm x 0.8 cm to 6.2 cm x 5.4 cm. RESULTS: Ninety-nine facial defects all over the face were reconstructed with the V-Y flaps, and the traditional and modified transposition island pedicle flaps were used to reconstruct 80 cases of relatively larger width of defects in the nose, lip, and upper cheek, especially in the young patients. Through careful planning and implementation, all flaps survived with primary healing postoperatively. With a follow-up from 6 to 30 months, well-concealed, soft, flat scars, together with good matching of the recipient sites and the flaps, were recorded. Patients and surgeons judged final overall outcome as excellent or good in 94.4% and 92.2% of evaluated patients, respectively. The main complications included visible trapdoor deformation in 9 patients, bulky flap pedicle in 8 patients, and low-grade ectropion of lower eyelid in a young boy, which all were readily revised at the second stage. Temporary alteration of sensation in the flap skin was another possible complication but usually improved with time. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of subcutaneous island pedicle flaps can be designed and may be versatile and reliable methods for esthetic reconstruction of medium-sized facial defects.     

局部皮瓣治疗面部基底细胞癌疗效观察

目的:观察局部皮瓣治疗面部基底细胞癌的疗效。方法:47例面部基底细胞癌患者,应用局部皮瓣的方法进行修复,术中做冰冻切片决定手术切缘。结果:所有病例均一期修复,皮瓣存活良好,颜面部外观满意。1例面部其他部位再发基底细胞癌,再次行手术切除,未见复发。结论:面部基底细胞癌切除术后,采用术中冰冻切片快速病理验证的方式可以保证肿瘤的完全切除,应用局部皮瓣修复术后缺损,简便、高效,效果满意。     

Defektdeckung mittels Nahlappenplastiken im Gesicht

Local flaps for the closure of facial defects after trauma, tumor resection or due to malformations have been well known since ancient times and allow good to satisfying functional and aesthetic results. Based on the characteristics of skin and soft tissue nearly all clinical situations can be resolved by stretching, rotating and transposing flaps depending on the localization. A good surgical technique is essential for the success. The basic principles are briefly described and suggestions for the application of flaps to different localizations are given. For analgesia local anesthesia is sufficient. As could be demonstrated multitudinously the method is ideal for closure of small to large defects in the face; therefore, microvascular surgery can be extremely restricted in treating defects of the face.     

Aesthetic repair of small to medium-sized nasal defects

Reconstruction of small and medium-sized defects of the nose poses a challenge to the facial plastic surgeon. Flaps for small to medium-sized defects most often are closed in single-staged procedures as opposed to larger-sized defects. A variety of techniques can be used including secondary intention, primary closure, full-thickness skin grafts, composite grafts, rhomboid flaps, bilobe flaps, dorsal nasal flaps, island flaps, and inferiorly based meliolabial flaps.